US3848392A - Method for disposal of industrial wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention is to convert industrial wastes such as sludges, deposits and cyanides, which cause environmental pollution, to innoxious solid blocks by incorporating a coagulant into such industrial waste, kneading the mixture, press-shaping the kneaded mixture, sealing the outer periphery of the shaped article by means of concrete coating or the like, and aging and solidifying the sealed block, and to utilize the resulting innoxious solid blocks for reclamation, construction and the like. Further, when such sealed solid blocks are discarded in the sea, no environmental pollution is brought about.

Description

ite States Pate Tezuka NOV. 19, 1974 [54] METHOD FOR DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES [75] Inventor:

22 Filed: on. 15, 1973 211 Appl. No.: 406,395

Kunitoshi Tezuka, Tokyo, Japan [30] Foreign Application Priority Data 3,721,183 3/1973 Dunlea r. 53/24 X Primary Examiner-Travis S. McGehee Attorney, Agent, or FirmDelio & Montgomery [57] ABSTRACT This invention is to convert industrial wastes such as sludges, deposits and cyanides, which cause environmental pollution, to innoxious solid blocks by incorpo- Oct. 18, 1972 Japan 47-103650 rating a coagulant into Such industrial waste kneading June 23, 1973 Japan 48-71119 the mixture, press shaping the kneaded mixture, Scab ing the outer periphery of the shaped article by means [52] US. Cl 53/21 R, 53/24, 100/71 of Concrete coating or the like and aging and s0]idify [51] Ilil. Cl B651) 63/02 ing the Sealed block and to utilize the resulting innox [58] held of Search 53/21 24; ious solid blocks for reclamation, construction and the 100/ 71 like. Further, when such sealed solid blocks are discard (1 the sea, no environmental ollution is [56] References Cited brought g p UNlTED STATES PATENTS 3,654,048 4/l972 Bathgate 53/24 X 11 Claims, 10 Drawing Figures COAGULANT MATERIALS WASTES KNEADING WRAPPING PRESS SHAPING ZNDARY PRESSING SEAL'NG 1,

HANGING RING SOLIDIFYING TRANSPORTING sum 10F 5 COAGULANT MATERIALS WASTES I KNEADING WRAPPING PRESS SHAPING ZNDARY PRESSING SEALING HANGING RING I SOLIDIFYING TRANSPORTING gm 1 SIM PA sum ear 5 PMEME' ssv 1 91914 FIG. 58

FIG. 5A

O m A... 3 n/ 4 ,w 9 f ZN D 8 5 2 .3 4 o G v w F W W H w 71 3 3 m m m A a 9 vwzu w 0 4 a 1/. m 8 F V 3 f 3 l v 'E 3 This invention relates to a method for disposal of industrial wastes. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for disposal of industrial wastes discarded from chemical factories and plants, such as sludges, deposits and wastes containing harmful substances such as cyanides.

With advance and development of chemical industries, it has been a great problem how to dispose of wastes which cause environmental pollutions. This problem is especially serious because wastes discharged from various chemical treatment steps, such as sludges, deposits and cyanides, are discarded in the sea or river or on the field or under the ground while they are not made completely innoxious. Various proposals have been made to make such wastes completely innoxious but vast equipments and expenses are required for realization and establishment of such proposals. Accordingly, such wastes cannot but be discarded without being made completely innoxious. In view of such present actual state, it is of great significance to provide effective means for disposal of such industrial wastesexerting bad influences on the human life, according to which these wastes can be converted relatively simply to the completely innoxious state and they can be reused or discarded in the sea or river or on the field or under the ground in this completely innoxious state. Thus, development of disposal methods and apparatuses which can easily convert industrial wastes, especially harmful sludges and deposits discharged from various chemical treatment steps, to completely innoxious materials, has been greatly demanded in the art.

This invention has been achieved as a result of research works made with a view to satisfying theabove demand held in the art.

It is therefore a primary object of this invention to provide a method for disposal of industrial wastes which can ensure completely environmental protection with complete prevention of environmental pollution.

A secondary object of this invention is to provide a method for disposal of industrial wastes according to which they can be converted to innoxious solid blocks by incorporating a coagulant into an industrial waste, kneading the mixture and solidifying it by the pressshaping method.

Another object of this invention is to provide a method for disposal of industrial wastes according to which industrial wastes are press-shaped into predetermined solid blocks which can be utilized in prescribed application fields, can be directly discarded in the sea or river without causing any environmental pollution, or can be used for reclamation, construction and the like.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a method for disposal of industrial wastes according to which industrial wastes are shaped into solid blocks, the peripheries of these blocks are wrapped with a predetermined wrapping material and then, they are sealed completely with concrete.

In accordance with the main aspect of this invention, there is provided a method for disposal of industrial wastes, which comprises the steps of incorporating a coagulant into the starting waste, kneading the mixture, press-shaping the resulting kneaded mixture, sealing tHe resulting shaped article with a cement material,

and aging and solidifying the resulting sealed article.

The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the de scription given hereinafter by reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart'illustrating all the steps of the method of this invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating an embodiment of the apparatus to be used for practice of the method of this invention.

FIG. 3 and 4 are views illustrating sections of concrete-coated blocks of industrial wastes formed according to the 'method of this invention.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinally sectional view illustrating the steps of forming concrete-coated blocks of indus trial wastes according to the frame-molding method of this invention.

FIG. 6-is a diagram illustrating the side of an operation room for formation of concrete-coated blocks of industrial wastes according to the frame-molding method of this invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating a knockdown type frame to be used in the frame-molding method of this invention.

The steps of the method of this invention will now be illustrated by reference to FIG. 1 and 2.

An industrial waste discharged in a large quantity from a chemical factory or the like, such as sludges, deposits and the like is thrown into a hopper 2 of a compression casing l which has an opening on the upper surface thereof and has a rectangular parallelepiped form. On one end of a longer side of the casing 1' there are provided oil pressure presses 3 and 3.-A pressure block 5 is mounted on a ram 4 of each oil pressure press 3 so that it can slide in the compression casing l in the longitudinal direction. On the other end of a longer side of the compression casing 1 there is provided a silo 6 maintained at a predetennined height. Four partitioned rooms A, B, C and D are formed in the silo 6 to contain therein coagulants such as cement. The lower portion of the silo 6 is connected to the compression casing l. Handles 7 and 7 are mounted at this connecting area to feed the contents of the silo 6 into the casing 1 as occasion demands. On the side of the compression casing l where the ,silo 6 is disposed, an extrusion block 8 is mounted in a manner such that it can move forwardly and backwardly in the casing 1' through an oil pressure press 9 in the direction vertical to the moving direction of said pressure block 5. On the the starting waste is compressed. After the pressure block has been retreated to such an extent that the extrusion block 8 can be actuated, the coagulant contained in the silo 6 is fed in a predetermined amount into the compression casing l by opening handles 7 and.

7 appropriately. Then, the extrusion block 8 is actuated to mix the industrial waste with the cement coagulant, and mixture is extruded and allowed to fall on the mixer 11 through the opening 10.

The mixer 11 is disposed below the extrusion opening and comprises a cylindrical receiver 12 having an opening and an agitator 13 mounted rotatably in the interior of the cylindrical receiver 12. The agitator 13 is connected to a suitable drive source, for instance, an electric motor, and a shute 14 is mounted below the receiver 12.

The drive source is actuated to rotate the agitator 3, and the mixture which has fallen on the receiver 12 is kneaded by the agitator 13 which is thus rotated. As a result, there is formed a homogeneous mixture of the cement coagulant and industrial waste. The kneaded mixture is then forwarded to a shaping press 15 through the shute 14. It is preferred that a dismountable auxiliary shute 14a is provided to connect the shute 14 to a shaping casing 16 of the shaping press 15.

The kind of the coagulant to be used in this invention is not limited to cement, but gypsum, lime and other synthetic coagulants can be used in this invention. It is preferred that the mixing ratio of such coagulant and the industrial waste is within a range of from about 30: 7 to about 4 6.

The shaping press 15 comprises the shaping casing 16, a pressure block 17 movable forwardly and backwardly in the lengthwise direction in the casing 16 and an extrusion block 18 movable forwardly and backwardly in the widthwise direction in the casing 16. Each of these blocks includes drive means such as oil pressure presses 3 and 9 and ram.

A hopper 19 and an optionally openable and closable lid 20 are mounted on the shaping casing 16, and a driving means including an oil pressure press 20a and a ram 20b is mounted on the lid 20 to open and close the lid 20. On the side of the shaping casing 16 opposite to the side of the extrusion block 18, there is formed an extrusion opening 21. A slide door 22 acting as a pressure-resistant wall of the extrusion block 18 is connected to an oil pressure press 24 via a ram 23 to optionally open and close the extrusion opening 21. A wrapping device is attached to this extrusion opening 21. More specifically, this extrusion opening 21 extends along a certain predetermined length and has an opening 25. At the end of the extended portion of the extrusion opening 21, there is provided a wrapping chamber 27 having a slide door 26. The opening 25 is formed by cutting away the side walls and ceiling of the extended portion of the extrusion opening 21 along a length sufficient to receive therein a preformed wire net case 28 having an inlet opening defined by projecting slides. An oil pressure press 29 is mounted on the slide door 26 through a ram so as to optionally open and close the outer side end of the wrapping chamber 27, while the inner side end of the wrapping chamber is always opened.

It is not always necessary that the wrapping device should be provided in the state attached to the shaping press 15, but the wrapping device may be provided separately. Accordingly, press-shaped blocks need not always be wrapped. In case the wrapping device is provided separately, there may be employed those previ ously proposed by the inventor in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,451,185, 3,451,190 and 3,514,921. These wrapping device are not disclosed as independent devices but as attachments to apparatuses for disposal of wastes and refuses.

The kneaded mixture fed in the shaping casing 16 of the shaping press 15 is press-shaped. More specifically,

the pressure block 17 is moved in the shaping casing 16 in the lengthwise direction and the extrusion block 18 is actuated to press the kneaded mixture toward the side of the slide door 22. When the oil pressure press 24 is actuated to draw the ram 23, the slide door 22 opens the extrusion opening 21.*Accordingly, when the extrusion block 18 is further advanced, a press-shaped article having a substantially cubic form is discharged from the extrusion opening 21. In this case, if a wire net case 28 is fitted in the opening 25, with the opening operation of the slide door 22 the press-shaped article is inserted into the wire net case 28 by an action of the extrusion block 18, and when the extrusion block 18 is further advanced, the wire net case 28 containing the press-shaped article inserted therein is forwarded to the wrapping chamber 27 and received by the slide door 26. When the extrusion block 18 is retreated, the projecting side of the inlet opening of the wire net case 28 is appropriately bent inwardly and extrusion block 18 is advanced again to perform compression, the wrapping operation is completed.

After completion of the wrapping operation, the oil pressure press 29 is driven to draw out the slide door 26 from the wrapping chamber to form an opening on the outer side of the wrapping chamber 27, and the wrapped, press-shaped block 31 is withdrawn from this opening by further advance of the extrusion block 18. In case the wire net case 28 is not employed, only a press shaped unwrapped block is withdrawn.

The wrapping material to be used in this invention is not limited to a wire net case but synthetic resin sheets, metallic sheets such as zinc-plated steel sheets, vinyl resin-coated wire nets and vinyl resin-coated metallic sheets can be used in this invention. In case a concrete coating is applied on a press-shaped block of an industrial waste, a wire net urges the adhesion of the concrete coating to the press-shaped block. Since a synthetic resin sheet has a water-impermeability and a high resistance, if such synthetic resin sheet is used as a wrapping material, these preferred properties are given to the resulting wrapped block. A metallic sheet can be used for coating the entire surface of a block to be wrapped. In case such metallic sheet or wire net is coated with a vinyl resin or the like and is subjected to the rust-preventive treatment, the durability is further enhanced. After such wrapping step, the press-shaped block of the industrial waste is forwarded to the next sealing step.

As is illustrated in FIG. 3, a concrete case 32 having an opening on the upper surface thereof is used for inserting the press-shaped block therein. This case 32 is prefonned in a separate factory or the like. The pressshaped block 31 formed by means of the shaping press 15 is packed in the case 32 and the upper opening of the case 32 is sealed with raw concrete. The configuration and inner capacity of the case 32 are decided appropriately depending on the size of the press-shaped block and the like. It is preferred that reinforcing steel bars 34 are embedded in the case 32 at the time of preparation thereof and hanging rings 35 are attached to expose ends of these reinforcing bars 34. These rings 34 are effective as hanging means for transportation of the concrete case..

The frame-molding method is performed in the following manner. At first, as is illustrated in FIG. 5, a water-impermeable sheet 36 such as a vinyl resin sheet is spread on the floor E of the operation room, and a mold frame 37 of the knock-down type is constructed on the water-impermeable sheet 36. Crushed concrete blocks 38 obtained by demolition of a building are placed as riprapping at the central portion of the inner bottom of the mold frame 37. Raw concrete 39 is placed in the frame in a height corresponding almost to the height of this riprapping to form a base seat for a wrapped, or unwrapped press-shaped article 31 or the like.

Before solidification of the base seat, the pressshaped article 31 obtained at the preceding step is placed and fixed at the central portion of the base seat.

Prior to the above operation, a wire or rope 41 having hanging rings 40 and 40 at both ends thereof is wound on the lower bottom of the press-shaped article 31, and both ends of the wire or rope are stretched upwardly over the upper side of the frame 37.

After the press-shaped article 31 is placed and fixed at the central portion of the base seat, raw concrete 42 is filled in the interior of the frame 37 to such an extent that the press-shaped article 31 is completely covered with concrete, the filled concrete has a predetermined thickness and hanging rings 40 and 40 are exposed from the upper surface of the filled concrete. The assembly is allowed to stand still for a time necessary for aging and solidification of the concrete. After aging and solidification of the concrete, the knock-down type frame 37 is disjointed and removed, and as shown in FIG. 4, the resulting concrete block 43 is obtained and transported to a predetermined stock yard or the like.

An apparatus such as shown in FIG. 6 is employed for embodying the above frame-molding operation. This apparatus comprises a gate-like frame 44 having a span sufficient for aligning a predetermined number of molding frames 37 and a running crane 45 hung over the frame 44. It is sufficient that the height of the frame 44 is about two times the height of the molding frame 37. Although, it is sufficient that the running crane 44 has a power capable of lifting the molding frames 37, it is preferred that it has a power capable of lifting concrete blocks 43 as well as the molding frames 37.

As the molding frame 37, there is employed, for instance, a bottomless rectangular cylinder composed of four side planks 46 connected to one another, such as shown in FIG. 7. Each of side planks has a hanging rope 47 on the upper end thereof and it can optionally be lifted up. At each corner of the rectangular cylinder where the side ends of two adjoining side planks are engaged with each other, projecting convex joints 48 of one side plank are linked with concave joints 49 of the other side plank, whereby close bondage is attained between every two adjoining side planks. In order to ensure this bondage, a penetrating hole 51 is formed on each joint so that a pin 50 can penetrate through said hole 51. By provision of such hole 51 and pin 50, the construction or disjoining of the molding frame can be greatly facilitated and simplified.

After the concrete sealing is performed in the foregoing manner, the concrete is aged and solidified. As a result, a concrete-coated block of the industrial waste is withdrawn as a product. The product block 43 is transported through the hanging ring 40 and is applied to the intended use. I

What is claimed is:

l. A method for disposal ofindustrial wastes which comprises the steps of incorporating a coagulant into the starting waste, kneading the mixture, press-shaping the resulting kneaded mixture, sealing the resulting shaped article with a cement material, and aging and solidifying the sealed, shaped article.

2. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 1 wherein a molding frame is used at the sealing step.

3. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 1 wherein a preformed concrete case is used at the sealing step.

4. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 1 wherein the starting waste is a harmful substance such as a sludge, a deposit or a cyanidecontaining material.

5. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 1 wherein at the sealing step hanging rings are mounted on the shaped article forwarded to' the sealing step.

6. A method for disposal of industrial wastes which comprises the steps of incorporating a coagulant into the starting waste, kneading the resulting mixture, press-shaping the resulting kneaded mixture, wrapping the resulting shaped article, sealing the resulting wrapped article with a cement material,- and aging and solidifying the sealed, wrapped article.

7. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 6 wherein the wrapping step includes applying a wire net to the outer periphery of the pressshaped article.

8. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 6 wherein the wrapping step includes applying a synthetic resin sheet to the outer periphery of the press-shaped article.

9. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 6 wherein the wrapping step includes applying a metallic sheet to the outer periphery of the press-shaped article.

10. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 6 wherein the wrapping step includes applying a wire net reinforced with a synthetic resin to the outer periphery of the press-shaped article.

11. A method for disposal of industrial wastes which comprises the steps of incorporating a coagulant into the starting waste, kneading the resulting mixture, press-shaping the resulting kneaded mixture, wrapping the resulting shaped article, press-shaping secondarily the resulting shaped article, sealing the resulting wrapped and press-shaped article with a cement material, and aging and solidifying the sealed article.

UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENTNO. ,392 DATED November 19, 1974 INVENTOR(S) Kunitoshi Tezuka It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 3, line 29, after "ram" insert 4 Signed and Scaled this First Day Of November 1977 [SEAL] Arrest:

RUTH C. MASON LUTRELLE F. PARKER Attesting Officer Acting Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks 0 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 5 9 CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3848392 Dated November 1974 Q Inventor) Kunitoshi Tezuka It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 2, line 1, "tHe" should read the Column 3, line 21, "30:" should read 3:

Column 4, line 62, "34" 'should read 35 0 Signed and Scaled this Fourteenth Day 9f December 1976 [SEAL] Arrest.-

RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN A g ff Commissioner oj'Parents and Trademarks

Claims (11)

1. A METHOD FOR DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES WHICH COMPRISES THE STEPS OF INCORPORATING A COAGULANT INTO THE STARTING WASTE, KNEADING THE MIXTURE, PRESS-SHAPING THE RESULTING KNEADED MIXTURE, SEALING THE RESULTING SHAPED ARTICLE WITH A CEMENT MATERIAL, AND AGING AND SOLIDIFYING THE SEALED, SHAPED ARTICLE.

2. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 1 wherein a molding frame is used at the sealing step.

3. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 1 wherein a preformed concrete case is used at the sealing step.

4. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 1 wherein the starting waste is a harmful substance such as a sludge, a deposit or a cyanide-containing material.

5. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 1 wherein at the sealing step hanging rings are mounted on the shaped article forwarded to the sealing step.

6. A method for disposal of industrial wastes which comprises the steps of incorporating a coagulant into the starting waste, kneading the resulting mixture, press-shaping the resulting kneaded mixture, wrapping the resulting shaped article, sealing the resulting wrapped article with a cement material, and aging and solidifying the sealed, wrapped article.

7. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 6 wherein the wrapping step includes applying a wire net to the outer periphery of the press-shaped article.

8. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 6 wherein the wrapping step includes applying a synthetic resin sheet to the outer periphery of the press-shaped article.

9. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 6 wherein the wrapping step includes applying a metallic sheet to the outer periphery of the press-shaped article.

10. A method for disposal of industrial wastes according to claim 6 wherein the wrapping step includes appLying a wire net reinforced with a synthetic resin to the outer periphery of the press-shaped article.

11. A method for disposal of industrial wastes which comprises the steps of incorporating a coagulant into the starting waste, kneading the resulting mixture, press-shaping the resulting kneaded mixture, wrapping the resulting shaped article, press-shaping secondarily the resulting shaped article, sealing the resulting wrapped and press-shaped article with a cement material, and aging and solidifying the sealed article.

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