US3845826A - Rotary disconnect for a rotary hammer tool - Google Patents

Rotary disconnect for a rotary hammer tool Download PDF

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Publication number
US3845826A
US3845826A US00334988A US33498873A US3845826A US 3845826 A US3845826 A US 3845826A US 00334988 A US00334988 A US 00334988A US 33498873 A US33498873 A US 33498873A US 3845826 A US3845826 A US 3845826A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tappet
driver
hammering
rotation
tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00334988A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Beisch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Skil Corp
Original Assignee
Skil Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Skil Corp filed Critical Skil Corp
Priority to US00334988A priority Critical patent/US3845826A/en
Priority to DE19742408362 priority patent/DE2408362A1/de
Priority to CA192,941A priority patent/CA992360A/en
Priority to GB823374A priority patent/GB1453230A/en
Priority to FR7406229A priority patent/FR2218973A1/fr
Priority to CH249974A priority patent/CH588927A5/xx
Priority to JP49021857A priority patent/JPS5024860A/ja
Priority to IT48626/74A priority patent/IT1008292B/it
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3845826A publication Critical patent/US3845826A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B25F5/001—Gearings, speed selectors, clutches or the like specially adapted for rotary tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D16/00—Portable percussive machines with superimposed rotation, the rotational movement of the output shaft of a motor being modified to generate axial impacts on the tool bit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D16/00—Portable percussive machines with superimposed rotation, the rotational movement of the output shaft of a motor being modified to generate axial impacts on the tool bit
    • B25D16/006—Mode changers; Mechanisms connected thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2211/00—Details of portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
    • B25D2211/06—Means for driving the impulse member
    • B25D2211/062—Cam-actuated impulse-driving mechanisms
    • B25D2211/064—Axial cams, e.g. two camming surfaces coaxial with drill spindle

Definitions

  • the rotary hammer power tool includes a tappet subjected to rotation and to axial hammering blows simultaneously.
  • the tappet has a first set of clutch teeth and a centrally disposed hammering formation.
  • a tool bit driver is rotatably mounted coaxially with the tappet and has a hexagonal bore adapted to receive a correspondingly shaped shank of a tool element.
  • the driver has a second set of clutch teeth engageable with the first set of clutch teeth thereby to permit the tappet to transfer rotation to the driver.
  • Selection means are engaged with the driver for reciprocating the same axially thereby to engage and disengage the clutch teeth for selectively imparting rotation to the driver and to the tool element received therein.
  • the field of the invention relates to portable power tools. More particularly, the field of the present invention relates to so-called rotary hammer power tools, i.e., power tools which have the capability of imparting simultaneous rotation and axial hammering blows to a tool element for working on concrete, for example.
  • Rotary hammer power tools of the type referred to are well known in the prior art. These tools are usually powered by either an electric or pneumatic motor and include a rotary output or drive member having a hexagonal bore for receiving the correspondingly shaped shank of a tool element or adapter thereby to impart rotation to the latter. These tools include a hammering mechanism, quite often in the form of a striker which is pneumatically reciprocated and arranged to strike the distal end of the shank of the tool element or adapter thereby to impart axial hammering blows to the latter simultaneously with the aforementioned rotation. Representative prior art tools are shown in Naslund et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,114,423, McCloud U.S. Pat. No.
  • the anchor must be hammered in place without rotation. This operation could not be achieved economically and expeditiously if the operator were required to change the tool element each time tobring about the various modes of operation just described.
  • a primary object of the present invention is the provision of a rotary hammer power tool having means for quickly and easily converting the mode of operation from simultaneous hammering and rotation to hammering only and vice versa.
  • a power tool of the type described including a tappet which is subjected simultaneously to rotation and to axial hammering blows and which has a first set of clutch teeth, and a tool bit driver mounted for rotation coaxially with the tappet and having a hexagonal bore for receiving the hexagonal shank of a tool element, which driver has a second set of clutch teeth for engagement with the first set of clutch teeth, and selection means for reciprocating the driver thereby to engage and disengage the first and second sets of clutch teeth for selectively imparting rotation to the driver and a tool element received therein.
  • Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a power tool according to the foregoing object, wherein such selection means is of simple and inexpensive construction and may be manually operated.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a power tool embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section taken through the power tool of FIG. I and showing the same configured for imparting simultaneous rotation and hammering movements to a tool element;
  • FIG. 3 is a section similar to FIG. 2, but showing the tool configured for imparting a hammering action only to the tool element;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section of the power tool of FIG. 1.
  • a rotary hammer power tool is generally designated 10 and is seen to include a main housing 11 and an auxiliary housing 12.
  • the tool includes a pistol grip type handle 13 and an auxiliary handle 14.
  • the power tool 10 may include any suitable mechanism for imparting simultaneous rotation and hammering to an output member, reference being had to the aforementioned patents assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
  • the present invention will be shown and described in association with the rotary hammer mechanism disclosed and claimed in the aforementioned Bassett et al. patent.
  • the Bassett et al. mechanism includes an electric motor 16 having an output shaft 17 engaged with a gear train (not shown), which gear train engages teeth 18 on a barrel 19, the latter being mounted for rotation in the housing 11 by a ball bearing assembly 20.
  • the barrel 19 mounts'a nose member 22 for rotation therewith, which nose member has a hexagonally shaped bore 23.
  • the barrel 19 also includes a sleeve 24 which receives a cam element 25.
  • This cam element includes a central hexagonal bore 26 as well as a series of cams 27.
  • the Bassett et al. structurefurther includes a hammer integral witha cam element 28 having a series of earns 29 for engagement with the earns 27.
  • the cam element 28 is mounted for reciprocal movement only and is part of the hammer; in this respect, the element 28 includes a centrally disposed hammering formation 30.
  • the barrel l9 and consequently the member 22 rotate whenever the tool is in operation.
  • Such rotation of the nose member 22 will cause corresponding rotation to a hexagonally shaped tool shank received therein. If such shank has a length for being received within the bore 26 of the cam element 25, the latter will be rotated thereby to bring about operation of the hammer due to the interengagement of the earns 27, 29.
  • the present invention will be seen to include a tappet, generally designated 32, and rotatably received in the auxiliary housing 12.
  • the tappet includes a first cylindrical portion 33 rotatably and slidably received within a bore portion 34 of the housing 12.
  • the tappet further includes a reduced-in-diameter cylindrical portion 35 joining with the cylindrical portion 33 to form an annular shoulder 36.
  • the tappet portion 35 is rotatably received within a bore portion 37 of the housing 12, which bore portion joins with the portion 34 to define an annular shoulder 38. It will be understood that forward or outward movement of the tappet 32 is limited by abutting engagement of the shoulder 36 with the shoulder 38. Rearward or inward movement of the tappet is limited by abutting engagement of the portion 33 with the nose member 22.
  • the tappet 32 is mounted for rotation within the bore portions 34, 37.
  • the bore portion 34 includes an annular recess 40 in which an O- ring 41 is received. As will be explained hereinbelow, this O-ring frictionally engages the portion 33 of the tappet to prevent flutter thereof at certain times during the operation of the power tool.
  • the tappet 32 includes a hexagonally shaped shank 44 which is received within the bores 23, 26. Thus, rotation is imparted to the tappet 32 by the nose member 22. Since the shank 44 extends into the bore 26, this shank causes rotation of the cam element to bring about operation of the hammering mechanism. When the tappet 32 is in its innermost position, the distal end of the shank 44 will be struck or hammered by the formation on the cam element 28.
  • the tappet 32 includes an annular or circumferential series of clutch teeth 46, each tooth being defined by an inclined surface 47 and a surface 48, the latter being contained in a plane radially disposed with respect to the axis of rotation of the tappet.
  • the tappet 32 also includes a hammering surface 49 centrally disposed with respect to the clutch teeth 46.
  • a tool bit driver is cylindrical in form and is rotatably mounted within the bore portion 37 of the auxiliary housing 12.
  • the tool bit driver includes a through central opening defined by a hexagonal bore 53 and an annular bore 54.
  • the tool bit driver includes an exterior annular recess 56.
  • the member 52 includes a circumferential series of clutch teeth 57. These clutch teeth are identical and in opposite hand relation with the clutch teeth 46 on the tappet 32.
  • each of the teeth 57 includes an inclined surface 58 and a surface 59. the latter being contained in a plane radially disposed with respect to the axis of rotation of the tool bit driver 52.
  • the auxiliary housing 12 includes an annular recess receiving a disk-like member 62. This member is rotatably retained in such recess by a snap washer 63.
  • a shift lever or operating member 64 is secured to the disk-like member 62, as by means of a threaded fastener 65. It will be understood that the operator of the tool grasps the shift lever 64 for imparting rotation to the disk-like member 62.
  • the member 62 mounts a pin 67 eccentrically disposed with respect to its center of rotation.
  • the pin 67 mounts a roller 68 which is received within the annular recess 56 of the tool bit driver 52.
  • detent means (not shown) are provided to establish the two positions of the shift lever thereby in turn establishing the forward (disengaged) and rearward (engaged) axial positions of the tool bit driver 52.
  • the auxiliary housing 12 includes a bore portion 70 communicating with the bore portion 37.
  • An annular dust seal 71 is mounted at the innermost end of the bore portion 70.
  • the bore 70 communicates with a transversely disposed bore 72, the latter rotatably receiving an element 73 of a tool retainer of the type well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a tool element or adapter, generally designated 75 is fragmentarily shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and will be seen to include a cylindrical portion 76 joining with a reduced-in-diameter cylindrical portion 77, the latter cooperating with the retainer element 73 to hold the tool element in place although permitting both rotation and limited axial movement thereof.
  • the cylindrical portion 77 joins with another cylindrical portion 78, the latter in turn joining with a hexagonally shaped shank portion 79.
  • This shank portion is received within the hexagonal bore 53 of the tool bit driver 52; accordingly; rotation of the driver will impart corresponding rotation to the tool element 75.
  • the distal end of the shank portion 79 is arranged to be engaged or abutted by the hammering formation 49 on the tappet 32.
  • FIG. 2 shows the shift lever 64 positioned for bringing about engagement of the clutch teeth 46, 57. Since the clutch teeth are engaged, the tappet 32 will transfer rotation to the tool bit driver 52 thereby in turn imparting rotation to the tool element 75. The tool element will be subjected simultaneously to hammering blows due to the engagement between the hammering formation 49 and the distal end of the tool element shank 79.
  • the shift lever 64 is actuated to slide the tool bit driver 52 forwardly thereby disengaging the clutch teeth 46, 57. Accordingly, the tool bit driver 52 will no longer be rotated and consequently rotation will not be imparted to the tool element 75. However, hammering blows will still be imparted to the tool element due to the engagement of the hammering formation 49 with the distal end of the shank 79. It will be apparent that the shift lever 64 may be actuated while the tool is in operation to engage the clutch teeth as well as to disengage said clutch teeth.
  • the present invention provides a unique, easy-to-operate means for rapidly converting from simultaneous hammering and rotation to hammering only and vice versa. It should be noted that the engagement between the annular shoulders 36,
  • the tappet 32 limits the forwardmost position of the tappet 32 thereby to prevent the latter from causing damage to any parts of the selection means, particularly the pin 67. It also should be noted that when a tool element is not received in the bore 70 or is allowed to occupy its forwardmost or outermost position as determined by the retainer element 73, the tappet 32 will be allowed to move forwardly or outwardly until it is stopped by engagement of the shoulders 36, 38. In this position of the tappet 32, the distal end of the shank 44 is beyond the range of movement of the hammering formation 30 on the cam 28.
  • the O-ring 41 frictionally engages the tappet and acts to minimize fluttering movement of the tappet.
  • the engagement ofthe sets of clutch teeth 46, 57 serves to transfer rotation only from the tapPet 32 to the tool bit driver 52.
  • This result is obtained since the faces 48, 59 of the respective sets of clutch teeth which engage each other are contained in planes radially disposed with respect to the axis of rotation of the tappet and tool bit driver.
  • the inclined faces or surfaces 47, 58 of the clutch teeth are in spaced relation; these inclined surfaces of the clutch teeth are never brought into engagement with each other.
  • hammering blows are not transmitted to the tool bit driver 52 or any parts of the selection means constituted primarily by the shift lever 64.
  • a rotary hammer power tool of the type having an output member in the form of a tappet which is adapted to be subjected to rotation and to axial hammering blows simultaneously, the improvement comprising:
  • said tappet having a first set of clutch teeth and 0ppositely extending, centrally disposed, first and second hammering formations;
  • a rotary tool bitdriver and wall means mounting the same for rotation coaxially with said tappet, said wall means also permitting axial reciprocal movement of said driver, which driver has a centrally disposed, axial, through bore and a second set of clutch teeth adapted for engagement with said first set of clutch teeth thereby to permit said tappet to transfer rotation to said driver;
  • a tool element having a shank received in said bore of said driver with the distal end thereof in abutting engagement with said first hammering formation blows to the tool element;
  • connection means on said driver and said shank for transferring rotation of the former to the latter and permitting axial reciprocal movement of said driver relative to said tool element and vice versa;
  • selection means engaged with said driver for reciprocating the same axially thereby to engage and disengage said first and second sets of clutch teeth for selectively imparting rotation to said driver and to the tool element therein;
  • said power tool having a reciprocal hammering element arranged to engagesaid second hammering formation thereby to impart hammering blows to said tappet;
  • said tappet having an abutment element arranged to abut said abutment surface thereby to establish the forwardmost position of said tappet, which tappet is out of the range of the movement of said thereby permitting the tappet to impart hammering hammering element when the former is in said forwardmost position thereof, said tappet being moved inwardly and into the range of movement of said hammering element by the engagement of the distal end of said shank with said first hammering formation.
  • connection means are defined by a multi-surface configuration of said bore and a correspondingly shaped cross-section of the shank of said tool element.
  • said selection means includes a manually operated rotary member mounted by said wall means and having a pin eccentric with respect to the center of rotation thereof, and scotch-yoke means on said driver and engaged with said pin.
  • a rotary hammer power tool of the type having a motor and a drive train for rotating a nose member and for actuating a hammering mechanism, the improvement comprising:
  • a tappet and first wall means rotatably mounting the same in co-axial relationship with said nose member
  • said tappet having a first hammering formation cooperating with said hammering mechanism such that the tappet is subjected to simultaneous hammering and rotation in one axial position and to rotation only in another axial position;
  • abutment means adjacent said first wall means and adapted to be engaged by said tappet thereby to limit axial movement of the latter and to establish said positions of the tappet;
  • said tappet having a second hammering formatio and a first clutch formation
  • a rotary tool bit driver and second wall means mounting the same for rotation co-axially with said tappet, other abutment means permitting limited axial movement of said driver;
  • said driver having a centrally disposed, axial,
  • a tool element having a shank received in said bore of said driver with the distal end thereof in abutting second connection means on said driver and on said shank for transferring rotation of the former to the latter and permitting axial movement of the driver relative to the tool element and vice versa;
  • selection means engaged with said driver for shifting the same axially thereby to engage and disengage said first and second clutch formations for selectively imparting rotation to said driver and to the tool element therein.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
US00334988A 1973-02-23 1973-02-23 Rotary disconnect for a rotary hammer tool Expired - Lifetime US3845826A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00334988A US3845826A (en) 1973-02-23 1973-02-23 Rotary disconnect for a rotary hammer tool
CA192,941A CA992360A (en) 1973-02-23 1974-02-21 Rotary disconnect for a rotary hammer tool
DE19742408362 DE2408362A1 (de) 1973-02-23 1974-02-21 Schlagbohrer
FR7406229A FR2218973A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-02-23 1974-02-22
GB823374A GB1453230A (en) 1973-02-23 1974-02-22 Power tools
CH249974A CH588927A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-02-23 1974-02-22
JP49021857A JPS5024860A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-02-23 1974-02-23
IT48626/74A IT1008292B (it) 1973-02-23 1974-02-25 Disinnesto rotativo per martello meccanico portatile rotante

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00334988A US3845826A (en) 1973-02-23 1973-02-23 Rotary disconnect for a rotary hammer tool

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3845826A true US3845826A (en) 1974-11-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00334988A Expired - Lifetime US3845826A (en) 1973-02-23 1973-02-23 Rotary disconnect for a rotary hammer tool

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3845826A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS5024860A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CA (1) CA992360A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CH (1) CH588927A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE2408362A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR2218973A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB1453230A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
IT (1) IT1008292B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3924692A (en) * 1974-02-06 1975-12-09 Illinois Tool Works Fastener driving tool
US4158970A (en) * 1977-06-15 1979-06-26 Black & Decker Inc. Override arrangement and actuating knob for a shifting mechanism in portable tools
US4378054A (en) * 1979-09-05 1983-03-29 Atlas Copco France S.A. Taphole opening apparatus for blast furnaces
US4450919A (en) * 1983-01-03 1984-05-29 Cousineau Bernard L Drill attachment
US4763733A (en) * 1985-10-26 1988-08-16 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Hammer drill with rotational lock
US4868551A (en) * 1983-10-28 1989-09-19 Thomson-Csf Sensitive display device comprising a scanned screen
US6789630B2 (en) * 2000-03-03 2004-09-14 Skil Europe B.V. Electric hand tool
US20060201688A1 (en) * 2005-02-24 2006-09-14 Cheryl Jenner Hammer drill with a mode changeover mechanism
US20060266537A1 (en) * 2005-05-27 2006-11-30 Osamu Izumisawa Rotary impact tool having a ski-jump clutch mechanism
US20100051303A1 (en) * 2006-12-01 2010-03-04 Andre Ullrich Hand-held power tool
US7980324B2 (en) 2006-02-03 2011-07-19 Black & Decker Inc. Housing and gearbox for drill or driver
US20210107128A1 (en) * 2019-10-14 2021-04-15 Nanjing Chervon Industry Co., Ltd. Impact drill
US20220395971A1 (en) * 2021-06-10 2022-12-15 Makita Corporation Power tool having rotary hammer mechanism

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2916499A1 (de) * 1979-04-24 1980-11-06 Duss Maschf Elektro-handbohrmaschine mit vorrichtung zur wahlweisen umstellung fuer drehendes oder schlagendes bohren

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3924692A (en) * 1974-02-06 1975-12-09 Illinois Tool Works Fastener driving tool
US4158970A (en) * 1977-06-15 1979-06-26 Black & Decker Inc. Override arrangement and actuating knob for a shifting mechanism in portable tools
US4378054A (en) * 1979-09-05 1983-03-29 Atlas Copco France S.A. Taphole opening apparatus for blast furnaces
US4450919A (en) * 1983-01-03 1984-05-29 Cousineau Bernard L Drill attachment
US4868551A (en) * 1983-10-28 1989-09-19 Thomson-Csf Sensitive display device comprising a scanned screen
US4763733A (en) * 1985-10-26 1988-08-16 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Hammer drill with rotational lock
US6789630B2 (en) * 2000-03-03 2004-09-14 Skil Europe B.V. Electric hand tool
US20060201688A1 (en) * 2005-02-24 2006-09-14 Cheryl Jenner Hammer drill with a mode changeover mechanism
US7314097B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2008-01-01 Black & Decker Inc. Hammer drill with a mode changeover mechanism
US20060266537A1 (en) * 2005-05-27 2006-11-30 Osamu Izumisawa Rotary impact tool having a ski-jump clutch mechanism
US9579785B2 (en) 2006-02-03 2017-02-28 Black & Decker Inc. Power tool with transmission cassette received in clam shell housing
US7980324B2 (en) 2006-02-03 2011-07-19 Black & Decker Inc. Housing and gearbox for drill or driver
US8205685B2 (en) 2006-02-03 2012-06-26 Black & Decker Inc. Housing and gearbox for drill or driver
US10987793B2 (en) 2006-02-03 2021-04-27 Black & Decker Inc. Power tool with tool housing and output spindle housing
US20100051303A1 (en) * 2006-12-01 2010-03-04 Andre Ullrich Hand-held power tool
US8281873B2 (en) * 2006-12-01 2012-10-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hand-held power tool
US20210107128A1 (en) * 2019-10-14 2021-04-15 Nanjing Chervon Industry Co., Ltd. Impact drill
US11673247B2 (en) * 2019-10-14 2023-06-13 Nanjing Chervon Industry Co., Ltd. Impact drill
US20220395971A1 (en) * 2021-06-10 2022-12-15 Makita Corporation Power tool having rotary hammer mechanism
US12251810B2 (en) * 2021-06-10 2025-03-18 Makita Corporation Power tool having rotary hammer mechanism

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2218973A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-09-20
CH588927A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1977-06-30
CA992360A (en) 1976-07-06
IT1008292B (it) 1976-11-10
GB1453230A (en) 1976-10-20
JPS5024860A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1975-03-17
DE2408362A1 (de) 1974-08-29

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