US3844913A - Method for regulating anode-cathode spacing in an electrolytic cell to prevent current overloads and underloads - Google Patents

Method for regulating anode-cathode spacing in an electrolytic cell to prevent current overloads and underloads Download PDF

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US3844913A
US3844913A US00359152A US35915273A US3844913A US 3844913 A US3844913 A US 3844913A US 00359152 A US00359152 A US 00359152A US 35915273 A US35915273 A US 35915273A US 3844913 A US3844913 A US 3844913A
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signal
anode set
anode
current
collective
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US00359152A
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J Warren
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Olin Corp
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Olin Corp
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Priority to US00359152A priority Critical patent/US3844913A/en
Priority to CA195,336A priority patent/CA1034663A/en
Priority to ZA00741855A priority patent/ZA741855B/xx
Priority to AU67011/74A priority patent/AU485406B2/en
Priority to GB1341674A priority patent/GB1458901A/en
Priority to FR7411210A priority patent/FR2228541B1/fr
Priority to NO741352A priority patent/NO139566C/no
Priority to IT50397/74A priority patent/IT1004470B/it
Priority to TR17698A priority patent/TR17698A/xx
Priority to BR3666/74A priority patent/BR7403666D0/pt
Priority to CH632974A priority patent/CH598363A5/xx
Priority to DE2422582A priority patent/DE2422582A1/de
Priority to NL7406228A priority patent/NL7406228A/xx
Priority to JP49051685A priority patent/JPS5018357A/ja
Priority to BE144170A priority patent/BE814849A/xx
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/04—Regulation of the inter-electrode distance

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  • ABSTRACT An improved method and apparatus for adjusting the space between an adjustable anode set and a cathode in an electrolytic cell to protect the electrodes from current overloads and current underloads wherein an amplified current signal for each anode set is obtained, an average current determined, and a collective current, proportional to the average current, generated. A first portion of the collective current is individually selected for each anode set as an upper refer ence signal and a second portion of the collective current is individually selected for each anode set as a lower reference signal, the difference between the upper reference signal and the lower reference signal being the operating current range. Comparison of the amplified current signal for an anode set is made with its upper and lower reference signals and the anodecathode spacing adjusted when the amplified signal falls outside of the operating current range.
  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for adjusting the anode-cathode spacing in an electrolytic cell.
  • the invention relates to a method for adjusting the anode-cathode spacing in an electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of alkali metal chlorides such as sodium chloride.
  • the invention relates to a new method and apparatus for detecting current overloads or underloads and automatically adjusting the anodecathode spacing in horizontal mercury cells.
  • the control of the inter-electrode distance between the anode and the cathode is economically important.
  • the anode-cathode spacing should be as narrow as possible to maintain the voltage as close to the decomposition voltage of the system being electrolyzed as possible.
  • Careful control of the anode-cathode spacing means the reduction of wasteful consumption of energy, for example, in the production of heat, and the avoidance of short circuiting and its accompanying problems, for example, destruction of anode surface and the contamination of the electrolytic products, among others.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,723,285, issued Mar. 27, I973, to G. A. Daga et al discloses detecting overloads in mercury cells by measuring the current on conductors to anode sets in a cell, averaging the current for the anode sets, and determining the highest current for any single anode set in the series. The difference between the highest current and the average current is obtained and when this difference falls outside of a specified range, an alarm system is activated. No provision is made in this technique for the individual characteristics of each anode set, and only the anode set with the highest current deviation from the average current is considered.
  • the above application discloses a non-continuous method of detecting current overloads to anode sets in a prescribed order. ln addition, the method requires a digital computer for successful operation.
  • An additional object of the method and apparatus of the present invention is the automatic adjustment of the anode-cathode spacing in a horizontal mercury cell to protect against current overloads and underloads while permitting the current requirements for each anode set in a cell to be individually selected.
  • a further additional object of the method and apparatus of the present invention is the protection of anode sets against current overloads and underloads in which the reference values selected to indicate current overloads and underloads are automatically adjusted with changes in the total cell current.
  • the novel method of this invention protects against current overloads or underloads in an electrolytic cell containing an electrolyte decomposable by electric current, where the electrolyte is in contact with electrodes.
  • the electrodes are comprised of at least one adjustable anode set and a liquid cathode in spaced relationship.
  • a current is applied to the anode set through at least one conductor.
  • a signal corresponding to the current in the conductor is detected and compensated for temperature variations in the conductor to produce a temperature-compensated signal.
  • This temperaturecompensated signal is then amplified and the amplified signals from each anode set in the cell are averaged.
  • the improved method of this invention comprises:
  • Electrolytic cell 1 contains a plurality of anode sets, represented by anode set 2 having anodes A, A and A". Currentis supplied to anode set 2 by conductor 3. Terminals 4 and 5 along conductor 3 generate a signal representing the current fiow to anode set 2.
  • Thermistor circuit 6 provides temperature compensation to the current signal generated between terminals 4 and 5.
  • Amplifier 7 receives the temperature compensated current signal from thermistor circuit 6 and supplies an amplified current signal to raise comparator 8.
  • Averaging circuit 9 also receives the amplified current signal from amplifier 7 and averages the amplified current signals from all anode sets in the electrolytic cell.
  • Scaler amplifier 10 receives the averaged current signal from averaging circuit 9 and produces a collective signal supplied to conductor 11.
  • Raise potentiometer 12 is set to select an upper reference signal representing the individual current requirements of anode set 2, which is a portion of the collective signal in conductor 11.
  • Raise comparator 8 receives the upper reference signal for anode set 2 from raise potentiometer l2 and compares it with the amplified signal from amplifier 7. When the amplified signal exceeds the upper reference signal, raise relay 13 is activated and motor voltage source 28 energizes motor 14 to raise anode set 2 a predetermined amount.
  • Lower potentiometer 15 which also receives the collective signal through conductor 11, is set to provide an individually selected lower reference signal for anode set 2 to lower comparator 16.
  • Lower comparator 16 also receives the amplified signal from amplifier 7. Upon comparing the amplified signal with the lower reference signal from lower potentiometer 15, if the amplified signal is less than the reference signal lower relay 17 is activated and motor voltage source 28 energizes motor 14 to lower anode set 2 a predetermined amount.
  • diode 18 is connected to power source 19 and to conductor 11. Diode 18 supplies voltage to conductor ll when the collective signal from scaler amplifier l0 falls below that of voltage power source 19.
  • a further embodiment employs multiple switch 20 which selectively receives the amplified current signal from anode set 2 in addition to the amplified signals from all other anode sets.
  • Multiple switch 20 also receives the collective signal from scaler amplifier 10.
  • Digital volt meter 21 is connected to multiple switch 20 and visually displays the signal selected by multiple switch 20.
  • lamp 22 is connected to raise relay l3 and is turned on when this relay is activated, indicating that the anode set is being raised.
  • lamp 23 connected to lower relay 17. These lamps are inactivated when movement of the anode set is discontinued.
  • latching relays 24 and 25 are also connected to raise relay l3 and lower relay 17 , which energize annunciator lamps 26 and 27, respectively. Annunciator lamps 26 and 27 remain energized until latching relays 24 and 25, respectively, are manually reset. 7
  • the current signal from each conductor is temperature compensated and the temperature compensated signals for the anode set can be averaged in an averaging circuit (not shown) with the averaged current signal being supplied to amplifier 7.
  • a separate circuit containing a thermistor circuit, amplifier, raise comparator, raise potentiometer, lower comparator and lower potentiometer is used for each current conductor supplying current to an anode set. This latter method provides more reliable protection to an anode set from current overloads and underloads.
  • the method and apparatus of the present invention permits the use of anode sets of differing materials of construction to be used in the same cell.
  • the method of the present invention may be used on a variety of electrolytic cell types used for different electrolysis systems. It is particularly useful in the electrolysis of alkali metal chlorides to produce chlorine and alkali metal hydroxides. More particularly, it is highly suitable to horizontal electrolytic cells having a liquid metal cathode such as mercury, as disclosed, for example, in US. Pat. Nos. 3,390,070 and 3,574,073.
  • horizontal mercury cells usually consist of a covered elongated trough sloping slightly towards one end.
  • the cathode is a flowing layer of mercury which is introduced at the higher end of the cell and flows along the bottom of the cell toward the lower end.
  • the anodes are generally composed of rectangular blocks of graphite or titanium rods coated with a metal oxide.
  • the anodes are suspended from conductive lead-ins, for example, graphite or protected copper tubes or rods. The bottoms of the anodes are spaced a short distance above the flowing mercury cathode.
  • the electrolyte which is usually salt brine, flows above the mercury cathode and also contacts the anode.
  • one anode lead is secured to a conductor, and the other lead is secured to a second conductor.
  • Each conductor is adjustably secured at each end to a supporting post.
  • Each supporting post is provided with a drive means such as a sprocket which is driven through a belt or chain or directly by a motor such as an electric motor, hydraulic motor or other motor capable for responding to electric signals.
  • the invention is particularly useful in the operation of horizontal mercury cells used in the electrolysis of brine, it is generally useful for any liquid cathode type electrolytic cell where adjustment of the anode-cathode space is necessary.
  • the number of electrolytic cells controlled by the method and apparatus of this invention is not critical. Although a single electrolytic cell can be controlled, commercial operations containing more than cells can be successfully controlled.
  • Each electrolytic cell may contain a single anode, but it is preferred to apply the method and apparatus of this invention to electrolytic cells containing a'multiplicity of anodes.
  • the number of anodes per cell may range from 1 to about 200 anodes, preferably from about 2 to about 100 anodes.
  • An anode set may contain a single anode, but it is preferred to include from 2 and about 20 anodes and preferably between from about 3 and about 12 anodes per anode set.
  • At least one electrical signal is generated and measured for each anode set.
  • the signal represents the current flow in conductor 3 for anode set 2 and may be obtained by measuring the voltage drop between a plurality of terminals, preferably two, spaced apart a suitable distance along the conductor.
  • the spacing suitably varies between 3 and 100 inches, for example, about 30 inches, but should be the same distance for all conductors; It is desirable that the terminals be located laterally in the middle of the conductor, in a straight segment of conductor of uniform dimensions.
  • Current measurements may also be obtained using other wellknown methods such as by the Hall effect or other magnetic detection devices.
  • a current signal for each individual anode set in each cell is obtained continuously.
  • the current signal is of the magnitude of from about l0 to about 50 and usually from about 20 to 30 millivolts. lt is compensated for temperature changes in the conductor by thermal resistor 6 being embedded or otherwise attached to the section of conductor 3 being used as the source of the current signal.
  • the temperature-compensated signal' is passed through an amplifier 7 having a gain of from about 200 to about 300 where the signal is amplified.
  • the amplified signal is used by several components of the apparatus of the present invention including:
  • averaging circuit 9 raise comparator 8, and lower comparator l6, and multiple switch 20 connected to a visual display device.
  • the averaging circuit 9 receives an amplified signal from each anode set in the electrolytic cell. It is, for example, a network of resistors which determines the average amplified signal for the anode sets served and transmits this average signal to a scaling amplifier 10.
  • the scaling device 10 is, for example, an amplifier which increases the level of the average signal to provide a collective signal.
  • the increase can be any convenient level of amplification.
  • the average signal can be multiplied by a factor equal to the number of amplified signals being averaged in the cell to give a collective signal corresponding to that of the total cell current or by a factor equal to the numberof anode sets in the cell.
  • This collective signal is fed to a collective signal conductor 11.
  • the collective signal conductor 11 supplies the collective signal to a series of potentiometers with at least one raise and one lower potentiometer serving each anode set in the cell.
  • the raise and lower potentiometers are each set by means of a calibrated dial to individually select a proportion of the collective signal as a reference signal for the particular anode set it serves.
  • Raise potentiometer 12 selects a portion of the collective signal as the upper reference signal
  • lower potentiometer 15 selects a portion of the collective signal as the lower reference signal.
  • the upper and lower reference signals are individually selected for each anode set in a cell. The difference between the upper reference signal and the lower reference signal represents the operating current range for each anode set.
  • the potentiometers can be calibrated to provide a reference signal, for example, reading directly in kiloamperes or as a percent of the collective signal.
  • the upper reference signal can represent a portion of from about ll percent to about 20 percent, and preferably from about 13 percent to about 17 percent of the collective signal.
  • the lower reference signal can represent'a portion of from about 1 percent to about 9 percent and preferably from about 2 percent to about 8 percent of the collective signal.
  • the reference signals selected by the raise and lower potentiometers serving an anode set are supplied to the raised and lower comparators respectively.
  • the amplified signal from the anode set is also supplied to at least two comparators. There is a separate raise and lower comparator for each anode set. in addition to the amplified signal, each comparator also receives a reference signal from the particular potentiometer serving it.
  • a comparator is, for example, an amplifier which is biased in the off position and which compares the amplified signal from the anode set conductor with the reference signal from the potentiometer. When the amplified signal to the raise comparator exceeds the reference signal the amplifier will switch to the on position, energizing a relay 13 which provides power to the raise mode of the motor 14 controlling the particular anode set 2.
  • the anode set 2 As the anode set 2 is raised, the current, and thus the amplified signal decreases.
  • the anode set 2 is raised until the amplified signal falls below that of the reference signal by a predetermined amount. At this point, the comparator 8 is turned off, stopping the motor and thus the anode set movement.
  • the comparator 16 when for a particular anode set the amplified signal to the lower comparator 16 is less than the reference signal from the lower potentiometer 15, the comparator will switch to the on position and energize a relay 17 which provides power to the lower mode of the motor 14 controlling the particular anode set 2.
  • the anode set 2 is lowered, the current and thus the amplified signal increases. Lowering of the anode set is continued until the amplified signal exceeds the reference signal by a predetermined amount.
  • the comparator switch is turned off, stopping the motor 14 lowering anode set 2.
  • an anode set When an anode set is raised or lowered, it should be moved a sufficient distance so that its new amplified signal falls within the operating range for that particular anode set by a predetermined amount.
  • This predetermined amount can be, for example, a selected range of kiloamperes or it can be a portion of the value of the particular reference signal to which-it is being compared.
  • the predetermined amount is a value of from about 1 to about 35 and preferably from about 5 to about 30 percent of that of the reference signal to which it is being compared.
  • the collective signal conductor ll is connected to a diode 18 which is in turn connected to a voltage supply 19. If the signal supplied by the collective signal conductor 11 should fall below the level required by the potentiometers to hold the system in operation, then voltage will be supplied through the diode 18 to the collective signal conductor 11 so that the signal level supplied to the potentiometers is maintained at the minimum level.
  • the voltage can be any convenient amount representing a percentage or proportion of the collective signal, for example,
  • the amplified signals from each anode set or the collective signal can be visually displayed by supplying the signals to a multiple switch which is connected to a display device, such as a digital voltmeter.
  • a display device such as a digital voltmeter.
  • the selected signal is displayed directly as a series of numbers. This is particularly advantageous with respect to properly adjusting the anode-cathode spacing, for example, after the anode has been raised to avoid damage from an overload of current.
  • each raise or lower relay is also connected to two indicators, for example, lamps which are turned on when the relay is activated.
  • One lamp is turned on only during the period of time when the anode set is actually being moved and automatically turns off when the anode set stops movement.
  • the second lamp is turned on by a latching relay when the anode set is being moved but remains lit after anode movement stops. It is only turned off when the latching relay is deliberately reset.
  • Such a system can be used to alert operating personnel to the number of times that an anode set has been automatically adjusted and perhaps serving as a guide for required cell maintenance.
  • anode sets can be operated at any desired current level.
  • the total cell current, number of anode sets, the location of the anode sets in the cell and the condition of the anodes are among the factors which will affect the distribution of current among the anode sets in a cell and thus the operating current range for a specific anode set.
  • the operating current range for an anode set can be from about 1 to about 20, and preferably from about percent to about l5 percent of the total cell current.
  • Very low currents, such as l kiloampere. can be employed, for example, to permit a faulty anode set to continue operating until corrective action can take place.
  • the method and apparatus of the present invention for protecting electrodes from current overloads or underloads are particularly useful when employed with a system which adjusts the anode-cathode spacing to provide the optimum use of current and voltage in an electrolytic cell, such as disclosed in c'opending application U.S. Ser. No. 272,240, filed July 17, 1972, by Richard W. Ralston, Jr.
  • the present invention provides protection to electrodes against current overloads and underloads for all ranges of the total cell current.
  • Operating current 8 ranges can be tailored to meet the specific requirements of each anode set by the individual selection of the set points for the upper and lower reference signals. These set points are readily changed by means of a dial, calibrated, for example, in kiloamperes or as a percent of the collective signal. With the latter method, the set points are automatically modulated with a change in the total cell current. A high degree of control accuracy is obtained using inexpensive components, most of which can be located outside of the electrolytic cell room atmosphere.
  • EXAMPLE K ii ilidiitai mercury cell for 'aeai'o'r zing aqu'eou's' sodium chloride to produce chlorine containing 10 anode sets of 5 graphite anodes per set was equipped with apparatus similar to that shown in the accompanying FIGURE. Each anode set was supplied with current by two conductors. A signal representing the current from each conductor was selected and temperature compensated for temperature changes in the conductors. The two signals for each anode set were then averaged in an averaging circuit (not shown) and the signal supplied to an amplifier. The amplified signal was supplied to the lower and raise comparator for each anode set and also to the averaging circuit.
  • the average signal for the 10 anode sets was 7.24 kiloamperes. This signal was fed to a scaling device where the signal was multiplied by a factor of 20 to give a collective signal corresponding to 144.8 kiloamperes.
  • the collective signal was fed to a collective signal conductor where a raise and lower potentiometer for each anode set selected an upper and lower reference signal respectively. These values of the individually selected reference signals are given in Table 1 below.
  • the upper and lower reference signals for each anode set were fed to the raise and lower comparators respectively. The comparators compared the amplified signal for the anode set with the reference signal received.
  • the comparator activated a relay energizing the raise mode of a motor and the particular anode set was raised until the amplified signal fell to a value of about 10 percent below that of the upper reference signal.
  • the comparator activated a relay energizing the lower mode of a motor and the anode set was lowered until the amplified signal exceeded the lower reference signal by a value of about 10 percent above the lower reference signal.
  • an indicator lamp was TABLE l Anode Set No.
  • Anode Signal (I Upper Reference Lower Reference (kiloamperes) Signal Signal (kiloamperes) (kiloamperes) l 7.13 8.90 5.35 2 7.65 9.55 5.75 3 8.745 l0.95 6.50 4 8.065 l0.00 6.00 5 7.735 9.70 5.80 6 6.575 8.25 5.00 7 5.985 7.50 4.50 8 6.365 7.95 4.80 9 7.24 9.05 5.45 10 6.905 8.65 5.20
  • Apparatus for adjusting the space between electrodes in an electrolytic cell said electrodes being comprised of at least one adjustable anode set and a liquid cathode in spacedrelationship, said anode set being supplied with current by at least one conductor, said apparatus comprising in combination:
  • Apparatus of claim 5 having niea ris for supplying a voltage to said collective signal when said collective signal falls below a predetermined limit.
  • Apparatus of claim 5 having means for energizing an indicator when said motor means are activated to adjust said space between electrodes.

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US00359152A 1973-05-10 1973-05-10 Method for regulating anode-cathode spacing in an electrolytic cell to prevent current overloads and underloads Expired - Lifetime US3844913A (en)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00359152A US3844913A (en) 1973-05-10 1973-05-10 Method for regulating anode-cathode spacing in an electrolytic cell to prevent current overloads and underloads
CA195,336A CA1034663A (en) 1973-05-10 1974-03-19 Method for regulating anode-cathode spacing in an electrolytic cell to prevent current overloads and underloads
ZA00741855A ZA741855B (en) 1973-05-10 1974-03-21 Method for regulating anode-cathode spacing in an electrolytic cell to prevent current overloads and underloads
AU67011/74A AU485406B2 (en) 1973-05-10 1974-03-22 Method for regulating anode-cathode spacing inan electrolytic cell to prevent current overloads and underloads
GB1341674A GB1458901A (en) 1973-05-10 1974-03-26 Method for regulating anode-cathode spacing in an electroly tic cell to prevent current overloads and underloads
FR7411210A FR2228541B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-05-10 1974-03-29
NO741352A NO139566C (no) 1973-05-10 1974-04-10 Fremgangsmaate og anordning for beskyttelse av elektroder mot stroemover- eller stroemunderbelastninger i en elektrolysecelle
IT50397/74A IT1004470B (it) 1973-05-10 1974-04-16 Apparecchio e procedimento per la regolazione della distanza anodo catodo in celle elettrolitiche
TR17698A TR17698A (tr) 1973-05-10 1974-04-25 Asiri ve az akim yueklerini oenlemek,icin bir elektrolitik huecre icindeki anod-katod araligini ayarlamaya mahsus metod
BR3666/74A BR7403666D0 (pt) 1973-05-10 1974-05-07 Aperfeicoamento em processo para protecao de eletrodos contra sobrecargas ou subcargas, e aperfeicoamento em aparelhamento para ajustamento do espaco entre eletrodos
CH632974A CH598363A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-05-10 1974-05-09
DE2422582A DE2422582A1 (de) 1973-05-10 1974-05-09 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einstellen des anoden-kathoden-abstandes in einer elektrolysezelle zur vermeidung von stromueber- oder stromunterbelastungen
NL7406228A NL7406228A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-05-10 1974-05-09
JP49051685A JPS5018357A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-05-10 1974-05-09
BE144170A BE814849A (fr) 1973-05-10 1974-05-10 Procede et appareil de reglage de l'ecartement anode-cathode dans une cellule electrolytique

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JP (1) JPS5018357A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE814849A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7403666D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1034663A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH598363A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2422582A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2228541B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1458901A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1004470B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7406228A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO139566C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
TR (1) TR17698A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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US4035268A (en) * 1973-09-17 1977-07-12 Produits Chimiques Ugine Kuhlmann Process for the control of mercury cathode electrolysis cells
US4069118A (en) * 1975-11-10 1978-01-17 Stauffer Chemical Company Electrolysis control apparatus and method
US4080277A (en) * 1976-05-21 1978-03-21 Olin Corporation Short circuit protection for horizontal mercury electrolytic cells
US4251336A (en) * 1972-07-17 1981-02-17 Olin Corporation Method for detecting incipient short circuits in electrolytic cells

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JPS5845050B2 (ja) * 1979-12-28 1983-10-06 富士通株式会社 バス集中監視方式
JPS5696310A (en) * 1979-12-28 1981-08-04 Fujitsu Ltd Centralized control system of bus
DE3124108C2 (de) * 1981-06-19 1986-01-09 Heraeus Elektroden GmbH, 6450 Hanau Überwachungs- und Steuerungseinrichtung für Elektrolysezellen mit Quecksilberkathoden
FR2529913A1 (fr) * 1982-07-07 1984-01-13 Chloe Chemie Dispositif de controle et de visualisation de la repartition du courant dans un electrolyseur
DE3244033A1 (de) * 1982-11-27 1984-05-30 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Vorrichtung zum regeln, ueberwachen, optimieren, bedienen, zur informationsdarstellung und selbsttaetigen beseitigung von kurzschluessen in chloralkalielektrolysezellen
US4728407A (en) * 1985-03-25 1988-03-01 Nusbaum Ronald C Multiple chamber silver extraction system

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US3723285A (en) * 1969-10-16 1973-03-27 Montedison Spa System for protecting electrolytic cells against short circuits
US3734848A (en) * 1970-03-25 1973-05-22 Montedison Spa Equipment for the control and the regulation of an alkali-chlorine electrolysis plant with mercury-cathode cells
US3689398A (en) * 1970-10-06 1972-09-05 Nora Intern Co Automatic anode raising device
US3763024A (en) * 1970-10-31 1973-10-02 Dynamit Nobel Ag Process and apparatus for controlling the spacing of the electrodes of electrolytic cells
US3761379A (en) * 1971-07-20 1973-09-25 C Elliott Aluminum production apparatus
US3790457A (en) * 1971-12-18 1974-02-05 Hoechst Ag Process for adjusting the electrode distance in an electrolytic cell with flowing mercury cathode

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4251336A (en) * 1972-07-17 1981-02-17 Olin Corporation Method for detecting incipient short circuits in electrolytic cells
US4035268A (en) * 1973-09-17 1977-07-12 Produits Chimiques Ugine Kuhlmann Process for the control of mercury cathode electrolysis cells
US4069118A (en) * 1975-11-10 1978-01-17 Stauffer Chemical Company Electrolysis control apparatus and method
US4080277A (en) * 1976-05-21 1978-03-21 Olin Corporation Short circuit protection for horizontal mercury electrolytic cells
EP0027537A1 (en) * 1979-10-22 1981-04-29 Olin Corporation Improved method for detecting incipient short circuits in electrolytic cells

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA741855B (en) 1975-02-26
NO741352L (no) 1974-11-12
CA1034663A (en) 1978-07-11
FR2228541B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-01-13
FR2228541A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-06
BR7403666D0 (pt) 1974-12-03
NO139566C (no) 1979-04-04
NO139566B (no) 1978-12-27
CH598363A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-04-28
IT1004470B (it) 1976-07-10
DE2422582A1 (de) 1974-11-28
AU6701174A (en) 1975-09-25
NL7406228A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-11-12
JPS5018357A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-02-26
TR17698A (tr) 1976-07-23
BE814849A (fr) 1974-11-12
GB1458901A (en) 1976-12-15

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