US3844850A - Large grain cobalt-samarium intermetallic permanent magnet material and process - Google Patents

Large grain cobalt-samarium intermetallic permanent magnet material and process Download PDF

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US3844850A
US3844850A US00244424A US24442472A US3844850A US 3844850 A US3844850 A US 3844850A US 00244424 A US00244424 A US 00244424A US 24442472 A US24442472 A US 24442472A US 3844850 A US3844850 A US 3844850A
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grains
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free
annealed
microns
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M Benz
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Priority to CA159,545A priority patent/CA975997A/en
Priority to GB1399773A priority patent/GB1415772A/en
Priority to IT22409/73A priority patent/IT982661B/it
Priority to NL7304871A priority patent/NL7304871A/xx
Priority to DE2318929A priority patent/DE2318929C2/de
Priority to JP48042298A priority patent/JPS5751244B2/ja
Priority to BE130049A priority patent/BE798261A/xx
Priority to ES413772A priority patent/ES413772A1/es
Priority to FR7313922A priority patent/FR2180895B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F13/00—Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
    • H01F13/003—Methods and devices for magnetising permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/0551—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0552—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes with a protective layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An alloy of cobalt and Samarium is cast to produce a cast body having grains ranging in size from about 100 microns to 1000 microns.
  • the cast body is annealed in an atmosphere in which it is substantially inert at a temperature ranging from about 900C up to a temperature below its melting point for a period of time ranging from about 5 minutes to 24 hours.
  • a relative magnetization value of 41 lJ/B of at least 50 percent at a demagnetizing field of 4 kilooersteds with relative magnetization 41lJ/B,, by definition, being 1.00 at zero demagnetizing field.
  • the annealed'body is then comminuted to a grain size corresponding to or smaller than the grain size of the cast body and ranging from about 50 microns to 200 microns.
  • the present invention relates generally to the art of permanent'magnets. In one aspect, it is concerned with making novel granular cobalt-samarium intermetallic permanent magnet material having unique characteristics. In another aspect it is concerned with permanent magnets comprised of this novel granular magnetic material bonded to a non-magnetic matrix.
  • Permanent magnets i.e., hard magnetic materials
  • cobalt-samarium intermetallic material is a powder having an average particle size ranging from about 1 micron or less to about microns. As the particle size is increased, however, the permanent magnet properties of the material fall significantly. Specifically, direct reduction of a cobaltsamarium intermetallic bulk body to grains having a size as low as 50 microns, results in a material having such poor properties as to be useless for permanent magnet applications.
  • magnet properties which are as good or better than the prior art powder. Because the present grains are significantly larger than the powder of the prior art, they are also easier to orient magnetically since magnetic alignment depends on a torque situation.
  • FIG. 1 is a graphical representation illustrating the permanent magnet properties of the material of the present invention and also showing the properties of the as-ground material.
  • FIG. 2 is a graphical representation illustrating the properties of the annealed grains of the present invention ranging in size from about 74 microns to 104 microns.
  • FIG. 3 is a graphical representation illustrating the properties of annealed grains ranging in size from I04 microns to 147 microns.
  • FIG. 4 is a graphical representation illustrating the properties of grains of the present invention of four different cobalt-samarium alloy compositions.
  • the present process comprises casting an alloy of cobalt and samarium to produce a cast body having grains ranging in size from about microns to 1000 microns.
  • the cast body is annealed in an atmosphere in which it is substantially inert at a temperature ranging from about 900C up to a temperature below its melting point for a period of time ranging from about 5 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the annealing temperature ranges from about 900C to 12'00C since no significant improvement in magnetic properties is produced at temperatures significantly higher than l200C.
  • Annealing time for a particular annealing temv perature depends on the particular permanent magnet properties desired.
  • a relative magnetization value 4'n'J/B of at least 50 percent at a demagnetizing field of -4 kilooersteds with relative magnetization 41rJ/B,, by definition, being 1.00 at zero demagnetizing field.
  • the annealed body is then comminuted to a grain size corresponding to or smaller than the grain size of the cast body and ranging from about 50 to 200 microns.
  • the cast body prior to annealing, can be comminuted to a grain size corresponding to its grain size or smaller than its grain size and the resulting free grains, ranging in size from about 50 to 200 microns, are annealed at a temperature ranging from about 900C to l200C for a period of time ranging from about 5 minutes to 24 hours.
  • annealing time for a particular annealing temperature depends on the particular permanent magnet properties desired, and for significantly useful permanent magnet properties, the free grains should be annealed for a period of time sufficient for the annealed free grains to show at room temperature, after being magnetized to at least approach saturation magnetization, i.e., within about 10 percent of full saturation magnetization, a relative magnetization value of 41rJ/B, of at least 50 percent at a demagnetizing field of 4 kilooersteds with relative magnetization 41rJ/B,-, by definition, being 1.00 at zero demagnetizing field.
  • the cobalt-samarium alloy of the present invention contains samarium in an amount of about 34 to 38 percent by weight of the alloy, and generally, to attain the best magnetic properties, it contains samarium in an amount of about 35 percent by weight of the alloy. Grains produced in accordance with the present process but having a cobalt-samarium composition outside this range do not produce satisfactory permanent magnets.
  • the alloy is prepared in an atmosphere in which cobalt and samarium aresubstantially inert such as a noble gas or under a vacuum by a number of methods such as, for example, by induction or are melting the cobalt and samarium.
  • the molten alloy should, preferably, also be cooled in an atmosphere in which it is substantially inert such as a noble gas or under a vacuum.
  • the cobalt-samarium alloy is cooled at a rate sufficiently slow to produce a solid cast body wherein the grains range in size from 100 to 1000 microns. This can be determined empirically using standard metallurgical techniques such as, for example, casting a liquid melt in a heated mold or simply allowing the molten alloy to cool in a crucible at room temperature. To prevent oxidation, cooling should be carried out in an atmosphere in which the alloy is substantially inert such as a noble gas or a vacuum.
  • the solid cast body should have grains with a minimum size of about 100 microns since it would be difficult and not practical to try to obtain the required amount of the present single crystal free grains from a cast body wherein the grains are smaller than 100 microns.
  • the large grain solid cobalt-samarium intermetallic cast body can then be annealed or, alternatively, the cast body can be comminuted and the resulting free grains annealed. Annealing is carried out in an atmosphere in which the cobalt-samarium intermetallic material is substantially inert such as argon or in a vacuum. If the body is comminuted to free grains prior to annealing, the free grains also should be annealed in a container made of a material to which it is substantially inert such as molybdenum, tantalum or niobium to prevent contamination.
  • Annealing can be carried out at a temperature ranging from about 900C up to a temperature below the melting point of the material, and preferably, up to a temperature of l200C since no significant improvement in magnetic properties is produced a at temperatures significantly higher than l200C.
  • the best magnetic properties are produced at annealing temperatures ranging from 1 100C to l200C.
  • the particular annealing time period for a particular annealing temperature depends largely on the specific permanent magnet properties desired. To produce significantly useful permanent magnet properties, it should be sufficiently long to produce an annealed material having the inherent property of showing at room temperature, after being magnetized to at least approach saturation magnetization, a relative magnetization value 41rJ/B,.
  • annealing the cobaltsamarium alloy at a temperature ranging from about 1 100C to l200C for a period of hours should produce free grains having a relative magnetization value of at least 50 percent or 0.5 at a demagnetizing field of -10 kilooersteds. Generally, after an annealing period of 24 hours, no significant improvement in permanent properties occurs.
  • the term relative magnetization as used herein is the ratio of magnetization 4m] to remanent induction 8,. Specifically, when a magnetic field is applied to a permanent magnet material, a magnetization value of 4rrJ gauss is established therein. When the magnetic field is removed, the material has a remanent induction 8,.
  • the intrinsic coercive force H is the field strength at which the magnetization 412'] is zero and is a measure of a permanent magnets resistance to demagnetization.
  • An additional measure of a permanent magnet's resistance to demagnetization is the shape of the hysteresis loop in the second quadrant wherein magnetization 41r.l or relative magnetization 41rJ/B, verses a negative field H which shows what positive values of magnetization can be maintained in the presence of the demagnetizing field H.
  • magnetization 41r.l or relative magnetization 41rJ/B verses a negative field H which shows what positive values of magnetization can be maintained in the presence of the demagnetizing field H.
  • the more square this second quadrant curve is the higher is the magnetization or relative magnetization at a particular negative or demagnetizing field H, and the greater is the resistance of the magnet to demagnetization at such demagnetizing field H.
  • the present cobaltsamarium alloy in solid bulk form has a saturation magnetization 4n], value of about 9000 to ll,000 gauss. This is the maximum magnetization value achievable for this cobalt-samarium composition in solid bulk form.
  • free grains of this cobalt-samarium alloy when incorporated in a non-magnetic matrix to a volume fraction of abut onehalf, having an alignment factor of 1.00 and magnetized to saturation, should have a saturation magnetization 411'], of about 4500 gauss to 5500 gauss, a remanent induction B, of about 4500 gauss to 5500 gauss and maintain a magnetization value of about 4500 gauss to 5500 gauss at a demagnetizing field of about 4 kilooersteds.
  • the resulting permanent magnet when the free grains are incorporated in the non-magnetic matrix to a volume fraction of about one-half and magnetically aligned therein along their easy axis of magnetization so as to have an alignment factor of about 0.95 and magnetized to saturation, magnetization or approaching saturation magnetization, i.e. within about 10 percent of full saturation magnetization, the resulting permanent magnet has typically, a magnetization value 411'] of about 4000 gauss at a demagnetizing field of 4 kilooersteds.
  • the present free grains incorporated in a non-magnetic matrix to a volume fraction of one-half, i.e., comprising one-half by volume of the permanent magnet, and magnetized tosaturation, or approaching saturation should have, typi cally, a minimum magnetization value 411'] of about 2000 gauss at a demagnetizing field of 4 kilooersteds.
  • the rate at which the annealed material is cooled is not critical and a number of conventional techniques can be used which do not oxidize the material to any significant extent.
  • the annealed material is cooled in an atmosphere in which it is substantially inert such as, for example, argon or nitrogen, or it may be cooled in a vacuum, and generally, it is cooled to room temperature.
  • the cast body can be comminuted to free grains by a number of conventional methods such as, for example, by crushing by mortar and pestle, double disc pulverizer, or jaw crushers. Comminution is preferably carried out in an atmosphere in which the material is substantially inert such as argon or under a vacuum.
  • the grains of the cast cobaltsamarium body are single crystals and the cast body is comminuted to free grains having a size corresponding to the grain size of the cast body, or it is comminuted to free grains having a size smaller than the size of the cast body.
  • the free grains have a size ranging from about 50 microns to 200 microns. Free grains having a size significantly larger than 200 microns do not have useful permanent magnet properties.
  • comminution should be carried out so that a major portion, i.e. at least 85 percent by weight of the free grains, are single crystal free grains.
  • the single crystal structure of the free grains is determinable by standard metallographic techniques, such as, for example, X-ray diffraction techniques.
  • the resulting free grains are single crystal grains. Since the weakest bonds in the cast body exist at the grain boundaries, it is at these boundaries that breakage of the cast body usually preferentially occurs during comminution. In practice, due to breakage, the cast body should preferably have a grain size larger than that desired for the free grains to produce the highest amount of free grains of a single crystal.
  • the free grains of the present invention are incorporated in a non-magnetic matrix to form permanent magnets.
  • the grains are incorporated into the nonmagnetic matrix and, while the matrix is kept in a condition sufficiently liquid to maintain the grains in a substantially unlocked position, an aligning magnetizing field is applied tothe incorporated grains to align then substantially along their preferred axis of magnetization which is the C" or easy axis of magnetization, and, if desired, also to magnetize them as required.
  • the incorporated single crystal grains subjected to the magnetizing field will be able to turn in a direction most favorable from a magnetic point of view, i.e., align along their easy axis of magnetization.
  • the alignment factor is the ratio of the remanent induction B,- to the saturation magnetization 4w], multiplied by the volume packing fraction p. That is, A B /41rJ 'p.
  • an additional magnetizing field may be applied to the locked aligned grains to magnetize them to full saturation or to approach saturation magnetization and the specific strength of this magnetizing field depends largely on the degree of alignment of the grains.
  • the present grains have an alignment factor of at least about 0.85, such a field ranges from about kilooersteds to 100 kilooersteds.
  • the free grains of the present invention can be magnetized, to approach saturation, then incorporated in the liquid non-magnetic matrix, and an aligning magnetic field applied to the incorporated magnetized grains to align them along their easy axis of magnetization before the matrix is solidified to lock them in position.
  • the non-magnetic matrix used in forming the permanent magnets of the present invention can vary widely. It can be, for example, a plastic or resin, an elastomer or rubber, or a non-magnetic metal such as, for example, lead, tin, zinc, copper or aluminum.
  • the extent to which the grains are packed in the matrix. i.e., the volume packing fraction of the present grains, can vary widely and depends upon the particular permanent magnet properties desired. Generally, the present free grains can be packed up to a maximum fraction of about 50 percent by volume.
  • Permanent magnets having useful permanent magnet properties for a wide range of applications are produced when the grains of the present invention are incorporated in a non-magnetic matrix and magnetized. Specifically, the resulting permanent magnets have a useful substantially stable magnetization 41rJ in air at room temperature and generally at temperatures ranging from room temperture up to about C.
  • the permanent magnets of the present invention are useful in telephones, electric clocks, radios, television, and phonographs. They are also useful in portable appliances, such as electric toothbrushes and electric knives, and to operate automobile accessories. In industrial equipment, the present permanent magnets can be used in such diverse applications as meters and instruments, magnetic separators, computers and microwave devices.
  • the grain structure of the solid cast cobalt-samarium body was determined by slicing off a portion of the casting, polishing it and examining it under a microscope,
  • All annealing was carried out in an inert atmosphere of purified argon and upon completion of the annealing, the annealed product was transferred to a chamber having an atmosphere of argon at room temperature where it cooled to room temperature.
  • the solid cast cobalt-samarium body was comminuted in an atmosphere of nitrogen at room temperature by means of double disc pulverizer.
  • the size of the free grains was determined by standard techniques using US. Standard Screen Sieves.
  • the grains were incorporated into a body of molten liquid paraffin wax in a small glass tube to a fraction of about 50 percent by volume.
  • the wax was sufficiently liquid so that the grains were substantially unlocked in position.
  • An aligning magnetic field was then applied to the incorporated sample to align the grains along their easy axis of magnetization and the wax was cooled in the aligning magnetic field until it 7 solidified to lock the magnetically aligned grains in position.
  • the resulting alignment factor was at least about 0.85 and the grains were magnetized to at least approach saturation magnetization, ie within about percent of full saturation magnetization.
  • Relative magnetization 4171/8 was measured at demagnetizing fields starting from zero demagnetizing field. At zero demagnetizing field, relative magnetization 4'rrJ/B, has, by definition, a value of 1.00.
  • EXAMPLE I About 500 grams of an alloy melt of 63 percent cobalt and 37 percent samarium was prepared by induction-melting under purified argon in an alumina crucible which had an inner diameter of about 2 inches and was about 3 /2 inches high. The liquid melt filled about one-half of the crucible and was kept in an argon atmosphereat room temperature to slowly solidify. To recover the resulting solid cast alloy, the crucible was broken with a hammer. The grains in the cast alloy ranged in size from abuot I00 microns to 1000 microns.
  • the cast alloy was comminuted in a nitrogen atmosphere by means of a double disc pulverizer to produce a batch of free grains having a size ranging from about 74 microns to 104 microns with about 95 percent of these grains being single crystal free grains. A portion of this batch was separated and used to form Sample A to determine the properties of the as-ground material. The remaining portion of this batch of free grains was spread out in a tantalum tray and annealed at a temperature of llC for 15 minutes. A portion of the annealed grains was used to form Sample B.
  • FIG. 1 shows what positive values of magnetization can be maintained in the presence of the demagnetizing field H. From FIG. 1 it can be seen that Sample A, the as-ground sample, has poor permanent magnet properties and is completely demagnetized at a demagnetizing field of 2.8 kilooersteds which makes it useless for most permanent magnet applications.
  • Sample B which illustrates the present invention, is not demagnetized at a demagnetizing field in excess of lO kilooersteds, and at a field of -4 kilooersteds, it has a relative magnetization value higher than 50 percent which makes it useful for a wide range of permanent magnet applications such as. for example. as a moving magnet meter.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The procedure used in this example was the same as that set forth in Example 1 except for a difference in annealing time, annealing temperature and aligning magnetizing field. Specifically, Sample C was formed from as-ground grains. The grains of Sample D were annealed at ll00C for one-half hour. The grains of Sample E were annealed at 1 100C for one-half hour, furnace cooled to 900C and annealed at 900C for 1 hour. The grains of Sample F were annealed at 1 100C for one-half hour, furnace cooled to 900C and annealed at 900C for l4 hours.
  • EXAMPLE 3 The procedure used in this example was the same as that set forth in Example l except for a difference in free grain size, annealing time, annealing temperature and aligning magnetizing field. Specifically, the batch of free grains in this example ranged in size from I04 microns to 147 microns with about percent of these grains being single crystal free grains. Sample G was formed from as-ground grains. The grains of Sample H were annealed at 1 C for one-half hour. The grains of Sample I were annealed at 1 100C for one-half hour, furnace cooled to 900C and annealed at 900C for l hour.
  • the grains of Sample .I were annealed at 1 100C for one-half hour, furnace cooled to 900C and annealed at 900C for 14 hours.
  • An aligning magnetizing field of 17 kilooersteds was applied to each sample.
  • the resistance to demagnetization of each of the samples is shown in FIG. 3. From FIG. 3 it can be seen that the as-ground Sample G had poor permanent magnet properties and was completely demagnetized at a demagnetizing field of about -l.3 kilooersteds.
  • significantly useful permanent magnet properties were shown only by Sample J which showed a relative demagnetizing value of at least 50 percent at a demagnetizing field of 4 kilooersteds.
  • EXAMPLE 4 In this example four cobalt-samarium cast alloys were prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example l.
  • the alloy used to form Sample K was 63 percent cobalt-37 percent samarium
  • Sample L was 64 percent cobalt-36 percent samarium
  • Sample M was 65 percent cobalt-35 percent samarium
  • Sample N was 66 percent cobalt-34 percent samarium.
  • the grains in each solid cast alloy ranged in size from 100 microns to 1000 microns.
  • Each cast alloy was comminuted at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere by means of a double disc pulverizer to produce free grains having a size ranging from 104 microns to 147 microns.
  • a sample of free grains of each alloy batch was annealed at 1 100C for 16 hours.
  • Each annealed sample of free grains was pre-magnetized at room temperature with a magnetizing field of 60 kilooersteds before being incorporated into the body of molten paraffin wax.
  • An aligning magnetizing field of 17 kilooersteds was applied to each incorporated sample of grains.
  • the resistance to demagnetization of each of the samples is shown in FIG. 4. All of the samples plotted in FIG. 4 illustrate the present invention and show what high magnetization values can be maintained at high demagnetizing fields making them useful for a wide range of permanent magnet applications.
  • a process for preparing large single crystal free grains of cobalt-samarium alloy having useful permanent magnet properties which comprises forming an alloy melt of cobalt and samarium wherein the samarium content ranges from about 34 to 38 percent by weight of said alloy, cooling said alloy melt at a rate sufficiently slow to produce a solid cast body wherein the cast grains have a size ranging from about 100 microns to 1000 microns, said cast grains being single crystal grains, annealing said solid cast body in an atmosphere in which it is substantially inert at a temperature ranging from 900C to [200C for a period of time ranging from about minutes to 24 hours, and comminuting said annealed cast body to produce free grains having a size corresponding to or smaller than the size of said cast grains, recovering said free grains ranging in size from about 50 to 200 microns with at least 85 percent by weight of said recovered free grains being single crystal free grains, said annealing being carried out so that said resulting recovered free grains have the property of showing at room
  • a process for preparing a solid permanent magnet which comprises incorporating said recovered free grains of claim I in a non-magnetic matrix having a consistency which is sufficiently liquid to leave said grains in a substantially unfixed position, applying to said incorporated grains a magnetic field of at least 4 kilooersteds to align the grains along their easy axis of magnetization and fixing said magnetized grains in their magnetically aligned position by solidifying said nonmagnetic matrix material.
  • nonmagnetic matrix material is selected from the group consisting of plastics. elastomers, metals and wax.
  • a process for preparing large single crystal free grains of cobalt-samarium alloy having useful pennanent magnet properties which comprises forming an alloy melt of cobalt and samarium wherein the samarium content ranges from about 34 to 38 percent by weight of said alloy, cooling said alloy melt at a rate sufficiently slow to produce a solid cast body wherein the cast grains have a size ranging from about 100 microns to i000 microns, said cast grains being single crystal grains, comminuting said solid cast body to produce free grains having a size corresponding to or smaller than the size of said cast grains, recovering said free grains ranging in size from about 50 to 200 microns with at least percent by weight of said recovered free grains being single crystal free grains, and annealing said recovered free grains in an atmosphere in which they are substantially inert at a temperature ranging from 900C to l200C for a period of time ranging from about 5 minutes to 24 hours, said annealing being carried out so that the annealed recovered free grains have the property of
  • a process for preparing a solid permanent magnet which comprises incorporating said annealed free grains of claim 6 in a non-magnetic matrix having a consistency which is sufficiently liquid to leave said grains in a substantially unfixed position, applying to said incorporated grains a magnetic field of at least 4 kilooersteds to align the grains along their easy axis of magnetization and fixing said magnetized grains in their magnetically aligned position by solidifying said nonmagnetic matrix material.
  • nonmagnetic matrix material is selected from the group consisting of plastics, elastomers, metals and wax.
  • Annealed free grains consisting essentially of cobalt-samarium alloy wherein the samarium content ranges from about 34 to 38 percent by weight of said cobalt-samarium alloy, said annealed free grains ranging in size from about 50 microns to 200 microns with at least 85 percent by weight of said free grains being single crystal grains, said annealed free grains having the property of showing at room temperature after being magnetized to at least approach saturation magnetization a relative magnetization value 4'1rJ/B of at least 50 percent at a demagnetizing field of 4 kilooersteds where 417.! is the magnetization value and B, is the remanent induction.
  • Annealed free grains consisting essentially of cobalt-samarium alloy containing about 35 percent by weight samarium, said annealed free grains having an average size of about microns to microns with at least 95 percent by weight of said free grains being single crystal grains, said annealed free grains having the property of showing at room temperature after being magnetized to at least approach saturation magnetization a relative magnetization 4rrJ/B, of at least 50 percent at a demagnetizing field of 4 kilooersteds where 41rJ is the magnetization value and B is the remanent induction.
  • a permanent magnet having as an active magnetic component said annealed free grains of claim 10 and wherein said annealed free grains are incorporated in a non-magnetic matrix.
  • a permanent magnet having as an active magnetic component said annealed free grains of claim 11 and wherein said annealed free grains are incorporated in a non-magnetic matrix.

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US00244424A 1972-04-17 1972-04-17 Large grain cobalt-samarium intermetallic permanent magnet material and process Expired - Lifetime US3844850A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00244424A US3844850A (en) 1972-04-17 1972-04-17 Large grain cobalt-samarium intermetallic permanent magnet material and process
CA159,545A CA975997A (en) 1972-04-17 1972-12-20 Large grain cobalt-samarium intermetallic permanent magnet material and process
GB1399773A GB1415772A (en) 1972-04-17 1973-03-22 Large grain cobalt-samarium intermetallic permanent magnet material and process
IT22409/73A IT982661B (it) 1972-04-17 1973-03-30 Materiale intermetallico di cobal to e samario a grandi grani per magneti permanenti e processo per esso
NL7304871A NL7304871A (es) 1972-04-17 1973-04-06
DE2318929A DE2318929C2 (de) 1972-04-17 1973-04-14 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines grobkörnigen Pulvers für Permanentmagnete
JP48042298A JPS5751244B2 (es) 1972-04-17 1973-04-16
BE130049A BE798261A (fr) 1972-04-17 1973-04-16 Procede de fabrication de materiaux pour aimants permanents
ES413772A ES413772A1 (es) 1972-04-17 1973-04-16 Procedimiento para preparar material magnetico permanente intermetalico de cobalto-samario de grano grande.
FR7313922A FR2180895B1 (es) 1972-04-17 1973-04-17

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ES (1) ES413772A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2180895B1 (es)
GB (1) GB1415772A (es)
IT (1) IT982661B (es)
NL (1) NL7304871A (es)

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US4082582A (en) * 1974-12-18 1978-04-04 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited As - cast permanent magnet sm-co-cu material, with iron, produced by annealing and rapid quenching
US4099995A (en) * 1974-07-31 1978-07-11 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Ltd. Copper-hardened permanent-magnet alloy
US4116726A (en) * 1974-12-18 1978-09-26 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company Limited As-cast permanent magnet Sm-Co-Cu material with iron, produced by annealing and rapid quenching

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JPS5379719A (en) * 1976-12-24 1978-07-14 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Rare earth elements cobalt permanent magnetic
JPH01147214A (ja) * 1987-12-04 1989-06-08 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 石油ストーブ

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US3516612A (en) * 1968-02-28 1970-06-23 Gen Electric Sizing of fine particle ferromagnetic materials
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4099995A (en) * 1974-07-31 1978-07-11 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Ltd. Copper-hardened permanent-magnet alloy
US4082582A (en) * 1974-12-18 1978-04-04 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited As - cast permanent magnet sm-co-cu material, with iron, produced by annealing and rapid quenching
US4116726A (en) * 1974-12-18 1978-09-26 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company Limited As-cast permanent magnet Sm-Co-Cu material with iron, produced by annealing and rapid quenching

Also Published As

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JPS4919395A (es) 1974-02-20
IT982661B (it) 1974-10-21
CA975997A (en) 1975-10-14
JPS5751244B2 (es) 1982-11-01
BE798261A (fr) 1973-08-16
DE2318929A1 (de) 1973-10-31
GB1415772A (en) 1975-11-26
ES413772A1 (es) 1976-01-16
DE2318929C2 (de) 1982-09-02
NL7304871A (es) 1973-10-19
FR2180895B1 (es) 1978-11-03
FR2180895A1 (es) 1973-11-30

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