US3844493A - Refuse treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Refuse treatment apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3844493A
US3844493A US00338932A US33893273A US3844493A US 3844493 A US3844493 A US 3844493A US 00338932 A US00338932 A US 00338932A US 33893273 A US33893273 A US 33893273A US 3844493 A US3844493 A US 3844493A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
shaft
teeth
ram
tooth
hopper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00338932A
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English (en)
Inventor
C Demenais
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SITA
SOC IND DE TRANSPORTS AUTOMOBILES SITA FR
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SITA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR7208190A external-priority patent/FR2174735B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR7208189A external-priority patent/FR2174734B1/fr
Application filed by SITA filed Critical SITA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3844493A publication Critical patent/US3844493A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/14—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with devices for charging, distributing or compressing refuse in the interior of the tank of a refuse vehicle
    • B65F3/20—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with devices for charging, distributing or compressing refuse in the interior of the tank of a refuse vehicle with charging pistons, plates, or the like
    • B65F3/203—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with devices for charging, distributing or compressing refuse in the interior of the tank of a refuse vehicle with charging pistons, plates, or the like with charging teeth, cutters or the like mounted on an axle or a drum

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a trough-like hopper, containing a ram, for mounting on a refuse collecting vessel.
  • the ram has a rotary shaft carrying spaced, claw-like teeth which are angularly reciprocated to entrain, compress and push refuse towards the vessel.
  • the hopper is shaped so that the gap between its inner surface and the pitch circle of the tooth tips progressively narrows from the upper position of the ram to its lower position at the end of its active stroke.
  • a driving mechanism supplies a gradually increasing torque to the ram during its active stroke.
  • the present invention concerns a collecting hopper provided with a ram for packing refuse into a refuse collecting vessel whether these vessels are installed at a fixed location and periodically removed by vehicles adapted for that purpose, or mounted permanently in the form of a bucket on a truck.
  • a hopper of cylindrical trough form is known by the Swiss Pat. No. 268,107, wherein a ram of curved paddle form is pivotally and reciprocably movable around the axis of the cylindrical trough to ram refuse towards a vessel having an opening which communicates with the base of the hopper.
  • the driving torque of the ram is constant or hardly varies, and the ram is in a relatively constant position with respect to the hopper. Consequently, in the event of a blockage of the ram by a rigid body of refuse, if this torque is very high, damage to the trough may occur, while if the torque is too weak, the ram may frequently get blocked, which involves a manual operation of rehandling the rammed refuse.
  • the present invention attempts to remedy these disadvantages.
  • lt is an object of the invention to the hopper to be charged continuously by the crew emptying the refuse receptacles without risks of the ram in its return movement throwing refuse out of the hopper.
  • apparatus for ramming refuse into a collecting vessel comprising a trough-like hopper for receiving dumped refuse and communicating with the said vessel, a ram mounted on a shaft in the hopper for reciprocating pivotal movement, between an upper and a lower position, the ram having a plurality of claw-like, spaced teeth the profile of each of which is concave towards said vessel and convex on the other side, and means for driving the ram by a driving force which increases gradually from the upper position through an active stroke to the lower position, and back again, the hopper being shaped so that a progressively decreasing gap is formed from the opening of the upper towards the bottom thereof between itself and an imaginary cylinder enveloping the tooth tips during said active stroke.
  • Such claw-like teeth attacking the refuse with the tip of said teeth have a large capability of breaking up and crushing voluminous packaging such as boxes or light metal cans.
  • voluminous packaging such as boxes or light metal cans.
  • a rigid body tends to block the movement of the ram and if this incident takes place in the upper part of the hopper, that is to say, in the relatively more fragile part of the hopper, and given that the driving force is then reduced, the ram will be blocked and a manual unblocking will be needed.
  • the hopper with the ram is disposed at the base of a vessel (bucket or box) that it is destined to fill, and the axis of the ram has above it a closing wall towards the top of this vessel. This wall may be retracted from the ram when the latter is in its high position, but
  • the closure wall of the vessel above the hopper has a baffle joined to the shaft of the ram which has a slot for each tooth.
  • each slot of the baffle may expediently comprise a plane scraper bearing on a face of each claw-like tooth, the edge of each scraper having a predetermined curvature for forming with the clawlike tooth, in each position of the latter, an angle at least equal to such that debris entrained by a tooth in its return movement cannot be wedged between this tooth and the edges of the scrapers and instead falls back into the hopper.
  • the assembly of the hopper may be constituted by two vertical webs stiffened on their outer faces by sections of supports for the driving mechanism of the ram and which are joined, on the one hand, by an iron plate forming the trough of the hopper and, on the other hand, by a lower cross-beam which stiffens the said plate at the part where the latter supports the maximum thrust of the ram and an upper cross-beam which at least partly constitutes the closure wall of the vessel.
  • the means for driving the ram with the torque gradually increasing from the top towards the bottom of the hopper may be of any suitable kind.
  • the shaft of the ram comprises a crank on which is articulated one end of a tie-rod which is articulated at its opposite end on an arm pivoting around a fixed shaft, the lever receiving the thrust of a rectilinear jack pivoted at its opposite end.
  • the radii or the crank and the arm are diffrent, the inclination of the tie-rod varies during the stroke of the jack which allows a desired variation of the couple acting on the ram to be obtained.
  • crank, tie-rod and arm may be arranged so that, in the upper position, the crank and the tie-rod form an acute angle which increases during the active stroke until the lower position.
  • the jack need not be articulated on the common axis of the tie-rod and the arm but instead may be pivoted on another point of the arm for amplification of the displacement of the jack and thus of the ram in certain parts of the stroke of the latter.
  • the tie-rod is expediently arranged to be in tension during the working stroke of a rod and in compression during the return stroke.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section taken perpendicularly to the axis of the ram of a hopper according to the invention
  • FIG 2 is a enlarged section taken on the line II-II of FIG. 1,
  • FIG 3 is a section taken on the line lll-Ill of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically the shape of a tooth of the ram and its scraper, at various points of their movement
  • FIG. 5 shows in elevation and in enlarged detail the ramactuating mechanism
  • FIG. 6 shows graphically the variations of the torque applied to the ram.
  • a box 1 forming a receptacle for refuse is closed at its back by a hopper 2 carried by an upper hinge 2a.
  • This hopper consists of two planar webs 3 which are joined by a bottom 4 constituted by a plate comprising, towards the top, a planar part 4a and towards the bottom a substantially cylindrical part 4b tangentially joined to the part 4a.
  • connection between the webs 3 is completed by a lower transverse beam 5 on which is fixed a part 4c of the bottom 4, the part 4c being bent at a right angle from part 4b.
  • An upper box girder 25, described in detail below, also connects the webs 3.
  • a ram 11 is arranged in the hopper 2 and is carried by a tubular shaft l2 the axis 19 is which is parallel to the bottom 4 and which shaft 12 is journalled in bearings (described below) carried by the webs 3 (FIG. 2).
  • the shaft 12 of the ram carries a series of clawshaped teeth 21 the profile of each of which has concave and convex faces with radii of curvature increasing from the shaft to the tip of each tooth. Adjacent the ram shaft, the concave and convex faces of the teeth are joined by a substantially cylindrical surface coaxially surrounding the said shaft.
  • the teeth 21 are reciprocated according to the double arrow F (FIG. I.) from an upper position 21, (chain-dotted lines) to the lower position 21 (chain-dotted lines), and refuse having been dumped into the hopper; in the course of this movement the concave part of the teeth rams the said refuse into the box 1; on the return stroke, pieces of refuse cannot rest on the rear, convex face of these teeth and will fall back to the bottom of the hopper owing to the splaying out shape of the hopper and, if nevertheless they are raised by the teeth, they cannot remain wedged between the rear wall 28 of the box girder 25 and the convex face of the teeth and fall back again.
  • the cylindrical part 4b of the bottom 4 has its geometrical axis 18 located above the axis 19 of shaft 12. In this way the space comprised between the imaginary halfcylinder 20 (dotted lines) enveloping the teeth tips of the ram and the inner face of the cylindrical portion 4b narrows progressively in a downward and rearward direction towards the box 1, as viewed in FIG 1. Thus, because the inner face of the hopper is smooth and is polished by use, refuse dumped in the hopper will necessarily be dragged towards the box 1.
  • Each tooth 21 (FIG. 2) is advantageously formed from two plates 22 welded side-by-side on the shaft 12, the edges of the plates being covered by a steel strip 23, the two ends of this strip being united at the tip 24 of the claw.
  • the box girder 25 is slotted on its surface facing the hopper for receiving the teeth 21.
  • the teeth are retracted into the box girder; meanwhile the receptacle for the refuse remains perfectly closed to the side of the rear face of the girder owing to the rear wall 27 of this girder.
  • each of the slots in the girder plates 26 are welded to rear face 27 of the girder and projects forwardly (i.e., to the right in FIG. 1) relative to the front face 28 in a rounded curve 29.
  • the two faces of the box girder are joined by a portion 30 of a casing which is applied against the shaft 12.
  • the girder is stiffened and closed by a longitudinal plate 40.
  • the curvature C (FIG. 4) of the convex face of each claw has, as already indicated, a radius increasing from the shaft 12 to its tip 24.
  • the curve 29 of the plate 26 is so arranged that the angle a should be about equal to a right angle and constant over the whole course of the curve C, a being the angle in each successive crosing points between the profile of the convex face of a tooth and the profile 29 of the plate 26.
  • the curve C of the tooth may be chosen so that the curve 29 is a simple straight line. The shape of the curve 29 or that of the curve C then approaches an involute curve.
  • FIG. 2 shows in detail the mounting of one of the ends of the tubular shaft 12., the other end being arranged in a similar fashion.
  • a plug having two successive shoulders 31, 35.
  • a ring 32 is fixed to form a labyrinth seal with the edge of an opening 33 formed in the web 3 for the passage of the shaft.
  • a crank 34 is fixed by welding to this ring 33 for actuating the reciprocating movement of the ram.
  • the second shoulder 35 supports a rolling bearing 36 the outer race of which is mounted in a ring 37 made rigid with a support 38 secured to the web 3 by means of the casing 39 enclosing the whole of the mechanism (see also FIG. I).
  • a cranked lever 41 is pivoted the other end of which is articulated on a shaft 42 mounted at the end of a piston rod 43 of an hydraulic linear jack 44.
  • the cylinder of each jack 44 is pivoted, towards the top of the girder 25, on a shaft 45.
  • a guiding crank arm 46 pivoting about a fixed axis 47 carried by the web 3 and the casing 39 is also articulated on the shaft 42.
  • the invention is applicable to both industrial and domestic refuse collection with fixed or movable receptacles.
  • Refuse loading apparatus intended for connection with a refuse collecting vessel comprising an upwardly splaying out hopper having a bottom, substantially in the shape of a cylindrical sector, and a communication opening with said vessel at the level of said bottom; a shaft pivotally carried in parallel relationship with the axis of said cylindrical sector carrying a plurality of evenly spaced claw-like teeth each with convex and concave surfaces, said shaft being rotatable and said teeth being reciprocable between an upper position in which said teeth clear said opening; and a lower position in which the concavity of said claw-like teeth face said opening, the gap between said bottom and the portion of circle described by the tip of each tooth during pivotal movement of said shaft decreasing towards said opening, and driving means for pivotally reciprocating said shaft providing a driving force which increases during the stroke between upper and lower positions of the teeth.
  • a closure wall is provided for the hopper above said shaft and is joined to a cylindrical part of said shaft, and has, for each tooth, a receiving slot defined therein.
  • each slot has two edges constituting scraping surfaces for the tooth faces.
  • Apparatus according to claim 4 in which the edges of the scraping surfaces are such that, in all positions of the teeth, at the point of their meeting with the profile of a tooth, these edges and the tooth profile form a substantially constant angle at least equal to 6.
  • Apparatus according to claim l in which at least one end of said shaft is provided with a crank and wherein said driving means comprises a linear hydraulic jack, one end of which is pivoted around a fixed axis; an arm articulated around a second fixed axis; an articulated connection between the second end of said jack and said arm; and a tie-rod pivotally connecting said arm and said crank, the angle formed by said crank and tie-rod increasing from an acute angle towards a right angle between the upper and the lower position of said teeth and rotation of said shaft.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Refuse-Collection Vehicles (AREA)
US00338932A 1972-03-09 1973-03-07 Refuse treatment apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3844493A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7208190A FR2174735B1 (ko) 1972-03-09 1972-03-09
FR7208189A FR2174734B1 (ko) 1972-03-09 1972-03-09

Publications (1)

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US3844493A true US3844493A (en) 1974-10-29

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00338932A Expired - Lifetime US3844493A (en) 1972-03-09 1973-03-07 Refuse treatment apparatus

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3844493A (ko)
JP (1) JPS491072A (ko)
GB (1) GB1387111A (ko)
NL (1) NL7303389A (ko)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4271756A (en) * 1979-12-18 1981-06-09 Blackwelders Load retraction preventing finger array
US4383790A (en) * 1978-02-10 1983-05-17 Sargent Industries, Inc. Refuse compaction apparatus
FR3029124A1 (fr) * 2014-12-01 2016-06-03 Claude Simonin Enrouleur de dechets plastique comprenant un arbre d'enroulement et un moyen de mise en rotation de l'enrouleur

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS594043A (ja) * 1982-06-30 1984-01-10 Fujitsu Ltd 半導体装置処理方法
DE3930712A1 (de) * 1988-10-14 1990-04-19 Codimaq Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen sammeln und kompaktieren von abfall
GB9216814D0 (en) * 1992-08-07 1992-09-23 Mackrill David Eng Ltd Refuse collector/compactor

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1440429A (en) * 1922-09-01 1923-01-02 Williams Patent Crusher & Pulv Breaker plate for crushers
US2730255A (en) * 1953-03-17 1956-01-10 John Gibson & Son Ltd Refuse-collecting vehicle
US3062394A (en) * 1960-05-31 1962-11-06 Samuel V Bowles Refuse truck loading device
US3062131A (en) * 1961-04-20 1962-11-06 Central Products Company Crushing mechanism
US3232463A (en) * 1962-06-04 1966-02-01 M B Corp Refuse collection and packer body
US3499558A (en) * 1967-03-01 1970-03-10 Fernand Rey Loading device
US3503531A (en) * 1968-05-27 1970-03-31 Frank Barbieri Apparatus for protecting components of work performing vehicles
US3593930A (en) * 1970-09-11 1971-07-20 Red Cross Mfg Corp The Shredder
US3763772A (en) * 1972-06-28 1973-10-09 Elina Baker Multiple-pass crushing device

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1440429A (en) * 1922-09-01 1923-01-02 Williams Patent Crusher & Pulv Breaker plate for crushers
US2730255A (en) * 1953-03-17 1956-01-10 John Gibson & Son Ltd Refuse-collecting vehicle
US3062394A (en) * 1960-05-31 1962-11-06 Samuel V Bowles Refuse truck loading device
US3062131A (en) * 1961-04-20 1962-11-06 Central Products Company Crushing mechanism
US3232463A (en) * 1962-06-04 1966-02-01 M B Corp Refuse collection and packer body
US3499558A (en) * 1967-03-01 1970-03-10 Fernand Rey Loading device
US3503531A (en) * 1968-05-27 1970-03-31 Frank Barbieri Apparatus for protecting components of work performing vehicles
US3593930A (en) * 1970-09-11 1971-07-20 Red Cross Mfg Corp The Shredder
US3763772A (en) * 1972-06-28 1973-10-09 Elina Baker Multiple-pass crushing device

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4383790A (en) * 1978-02-10 1983-05-17 Sargent Industries, Inc. Refuse compaction apparatus
US4271756A (en) * 1979-12-18 1981-06-09 Blackwelders Load retraction preventing finger array
FR3029124A1 (fr) * 2014-12-01 2016-06-03 Claude Simonin Enrouleur de dechets plastique comprenant un arbre d'enroulement et un moyen de mise en rotation de l'enrouleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7303389A (ko) 1973-09-11
JPS491072A (ko) 1974-01-08
GB1387111A (en) 1975-03-12

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