US3839179A - Electrolysis cell - Google Patents

Electrolysis cell Download PDF

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Publication number
US3839179A
US3839179A US00271977A US27197772A US3839179A US 3839179 A US3839179 A US 3839179A US 00271977 A US00271977 A US 00271977A US 27197772 A US27197772 A US 27197772A US 3839179 A US3839179 A US 3839179A
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Prior art keywords
anode
contact
combination according
cell upper
cell
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00271977A
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English (en)
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K Koziol
K Sieberer
B Zenk
H Rathjen
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De Nora Deutschland GmbH
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Assigned to HERAEUS ELEKTRODEN GMBH reassignment HERAEUS ELEKTRODEN GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CONRADTY GMBH & CO. METALLELEKTRODEN KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An electrolysis cell, particularly an amalgam cell, in [21] Appl' 271977 which beams of conductive metal, such as copper or aluminum, are mounted above the cell and have [30] Foreign Application Priority Data contact strips secured to the bottom which are resis- Ju1y171971 Germany H 2135873 tant to chemical attach with shielding means connected to the contact strips and isolating the beams 52 us. 01. 204/219, 204/284, 204/290 F from the interior of the eelh Suspended from the 151 Int.
  • Cl 0220 1/04, BOlk 3/04 eehteet strips are ehede elements in the term of here [58] Field 61 Search 204/219-220, or a grid of grate of metal resistant to ehemieel attack 204/250, 284, 290 p
  • the anode members can also be suspended from the beams by studs of metal resistant to chemical attack 5 References Cited and to which the shield referred to is connected so that in every case the beams are isolated from the in- UNITED STATES PATENTS side of the cell and thus are not subject to attack by 3,271,289 9/1966 Messner 204/286 X Chlorine gas 3,507,771 4 1970 Donges 61 al...
  • the cell upper structure is very expensive and has remained complicated. Long current paths increasing the resistance. numerous contacts at the expense of the voltage and anode holding bars which impede the current feed and the current distribution while the current paths are considerably restricted by the anode holding bars hardly permit the voltage coefficient (kvalue) of the electrolysis cells to drop below 0.12. In view of the rather high tolerances in dimension, as customary in the construction of cells.
  • the spacing between the mercury cathode and the anode proper is very small and can be precisely adjusted in order to keep the voltage drop in the electrolyte very low
  • FIG. 1 illustrates partly in view and partly in section an amalgam high load cell equipped with the cell upper part according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows the connection of the contact strip to the longitudinal beam by means of necked-down bolts.
  • FIG. 3 shows the connection of the contact strip to a U-shaped longitudinal beam by means of screws.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the connection of the contact strip to the angular longitudinal beam by means of screws.
  • FIG. 5 shows the connection of the contact strip to j the longitudinal beam from below by means of corrosion-resistant screws and seals while additionally con tact-establishing means are employed.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the connection of the contact strip to the longitudinal beam by means of a press fit.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the connection between the longitudinal beam and the contact strip with increased contact surface while the contact is improved by a low melting alloy.
  • FIG. 8 shows the connection between the contact strip and the anode bars by means of clamping screws while additionally a contactestablishing means is employed.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the connection of individual anode bars provided with studs to the contact strips by means of a press fit.
  • FIG. I0 shows the connection of individual anode bars to the contact strip by means of slotted or notched pins.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates the connection of individual anode bars to the contact strips by means of spring pins.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates the connection of individual anode bars at the rim of the contact strips by means of spring pins.
  • FIG. 13 shows the connection of individual anode bars to the contact strips by means of keys of durable material.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates the cell upper part placed upside down and equipped with anode grates.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates another embodiment of an enlarged contact surface similar to that illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 16 shows the connection of the anode grates to the contact strip by means of slotted flat-head screws.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a connection of anode grates to the contact strips by means of a press fit.
  • FIG. 18 shows anode grates which are arranged in longitudinal direction and are welded to the contact strips.
  • FIG. 19 shows an anode grate composed of parallel webs, the ends of which lead into a frame which is coir nected to the contact strips.
  • FIG. 20 shows an anode grate which is composed of parallelly arranged webs interrupted by transverse strips which are to be connected to the contact strips.
  • FIG. 21 shows a cutout of an anode grate forming a slotted sheet metal plate.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates a cutout of an anode grate forming a slotted sheet metal plate in which the webs together with the cathode form an angle of 90.
  • FIG. 23 is a cutout of an anode grate in which the opening between the webs are made without losses in material.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates a cutout of an anode grate which represents a perforated sheet metal plate in which the bores have been produced without losses in material.
  • FIGS. 25 and 26 illustrate a cutout of an anode grate in which the webs and transverse strips are madefrom semi-finished valve metal material and are welded to each other.
  • FIG. 27 shows a section through an embodiment according to which the anode bars are arranged parallel to the flow direction of the mercury while the anode bars are additionally contacted by a transversely arranged auxiliary bridge.
  • FIG. 28 represents an embodiment of a cell upper part according to the invention with contact bolts.
  • FIG. 29 represents an anode grate with transverse strips, in which the gas withdrawing holes are parallel to the flow direction of the mercury.
  • the cell upper portion according to the present invention is characterized primarily by current feed lines and distributors which are screened with regard to the interior of the cell and which consist of conductive material as. for instance, copper or aluminum. arc in the form of longitudinal beams.
  • the cell upper part according to the invention furthermore comprises contact strips of valve metal which are arranged thcrebelow while a cell shielding is welded thereto. said cell shielding consisting of valve metal sheet plate material and of easily exchangeable anode bars of coated valve metal connected to the contact strips. With one embodiment employing anode grates. it may be expedient instead of the contact strips of valve metal to employ short contact bolts of the same material.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cell upper portion according to the invention with an automatically adjustable supporting construction.
  • This supporting construction comprises current conductors and distributors shielded against the interior of the cell and made of conductive material as. for instance, copper or aluminum in the form of longitudinal beams.
  • the supporting construction furthermore comprises contact strips 2 of valve metal which are located below said longitudinal beams 1, cell shielding means 3 welded to said contact strips 2 and made of valve metal sheet material, and also comprises anode bars 4 which are connected to the contact strips 2 and easily exchangeable while being made of coated valve metal.
  • the cell upper part according to the invention will permit arrangement of the longitudinal beams 1 made of electrically conductive material such as aluminum or copper.
  • FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 respectively illustrate three differ- I ent embodiments of the invention, and more specifically, of the longitudinal beams 1 which are made of conductive material and which make it possible from above to screw the contact strips 2 to the longitudinal beams 1.
  • Another possibility consists in screwing the contact strips 2 from below to the longitudinal beams l, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the screws are in continuous contact with the electrolytes, they have to consist of, or be coated with corrosion resistant material, preferably valve metal and must additionally be sealed.
  • a further connecting possibility between longitudinal beam 1 and contact strip 2 may be effected by means of a press fit as shown in FIG. 6.
  • a decrease in the transfer resistance is obtained by an enlarged contact surface between the contact strip 2 and the longitudinal beam 1.
  • This increase in the contact surface can be realized by a favorable configuration of the upper surfaces as. for instance, the toothlike surface shown in FIG. 16.
  • the same effect may also be realized by corrugated or lamellaelike contact surfaces.
  • the increase in the contact surface is realized by a suitable design of the screw connection.
  • valve metal contact surface In order to avoid or prevent an oxidation of the valve metal contact surface over a longer period of operation, it expedient in many instances to provide the contact surface between longitudinal beams l and contact strip 2 with relatively precious metals and/or an oxidation impeding paste.
  • a further decrease in the transfer resistance can be realized.
  • the melting point of this alloy may also be below the temperature of operation of the electrolysis cell in order to assure a uniform filling of the hollow spaces.
  • FIGS. 8 13 show different embodiments of the connection between the contact strip and anode bars 4. More specifically, FIG. 8 shows the connection of the anode bars in the recesses of the contact strip 2 which recesses have been prepared for this purpose. This connection is effected by means of clamping screws 8. Further embodiments are characterized primarily in that studs or pins 9 (FIG. 9) or slotted pins 10 (FIG. 10) of the anode bars 4 are pressed into bores of the contact strip 2. A very simple connection may be obtained through the intervention of explosive pins 11 (Sprengzapfen FIGS. 11 and 12). Hollow pins, the cavity of which is provided with an explosive charge are connected to the anode bars 4.
  • these pins are introduced into bores provided therefor in the contact strip 2.
  • the connection of the pin is effected either primarily by press fit as shown in FIG. 11 or by hollow rivet-like connection (FIG. 12).
  • FIG. 12 in connection with the embodiment having pins 11, also the connection illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 on the rim of the contact strip 2 may be effected.
  • the connection of the anode bars may also be carried out by means of keys 12 of durable materials such as valve metal or synthetic material (FIG. 13).
  • valve metal surfaces which come into contact with the cell medium passivate when used anodes while forming non-conductive oxide layers.
  • Contact surfaces with which a contact with the cell medium cannot be completely excluded must be protected by additional contacting means.
  • additional contacting means there may be employed layers of platinum metal, silver, oxidation impeding pastes, etc. These contacting means are illustrated in FIG. 8 at 7 in connection with the use of clamping screws. However, they may also be used in connection with other connecting means.
  • the anode rods 4 of the cell upper portion according to the invention consists of valve metal which is coated with a coat permitting an economical employment of the anode process.
  • the term anode bars" or anode rods is not limited to bars with circular cross-section, but also includes bars or rods of any desired crosssection, as for instance, square, triangular, hexagonal, rectangular. etc.
  • anode rods 4 are to be arranged so as to be parallel to the flow direction of the mercury, an additional contacting is possible by means of a transversely arranged auxiliary bridge 17 (FIG. 27).
  • FIG. 14 shows a further embodiment of a cell upper part according to the invention with automatically adjustable supporting construction.
  • Such supporting construction may consist of current conductors shielded from the interior of the cell and current distributors of conductive material such as copper or aluminum in the form of longitudinal beams 1, contact strips 2 therebelow of valve metal. a cell shielding 3 welded thereto of valve sheet metal. and anode grates 13 of coated valve metal, which anode grates are made of valve sheet metal and are connected to contact strips 2 while being easily exchangeable.
  • the connection between longitudinal beams l and contact strips 2 is expediently carried out in the same manner as described above in con' nection with the first embodiment ofthe invention.
  • connection of the anode grates 13 to the contact strips 2 may be effected by a screw connection as illustrated.
  • FIG. 16 in which instance the contact surface between contact strip 2 and anode grate 13 is additionally coated with platinum metal.
  • the above mentioned connecting types by means of pins. notched pins. spring pins and keys are possible.
  • With the embodiments comprising anode grates considerably less connecting elements may be employed between the contact strips 2 and the anode grates 13 than is the case employing anode bars. In order, nevertheless, during operation to assure a safe and economical supply of the current to the anode grates. the contact surfaces are provided with one of the above mentioned contacting substances.
  • a further safe supply of the current to the anode grates is assured by a metallic connection between the anode grate and the contact strip.
  • a welding connection (FIG. 8) is well suitable for this purpose.
  • the anode grates may be exchanged by disconnecting the welding conncc- I tion. This may be effected by a suitable tool, as for instance, a cutter.
  • the webs 14 of the new anode grates are welded to the contact strip in an offset arrangement. It is for this reason that anode grates with different distances between the transverse strips 16 are prepared. In such instance only after a more frequent exchange, a post-machining of the contact strip will be necessary.
  • FIGS. 19 26 Some embodiments of the anode grates which illustrate the present invention while by no means limiting the same are illustrated in FIGS. 19 26.
  • FIG. 19 shows the embodiment of an anode grate built up of parallelly arranged webs 14 with frames 15, whereas FIG. 20 shows an embodiment of the invention with transverse strips 16.
  • the connection of the anode grates 13 to the contact strips 2 by means of one of the above mentioned connections is effected on the frame 15 or the transverse strip 16.
  • the mechanical strength is obtained by welding to a frame 15 or from corresponding transverse strips 16 of semi-finished valve metal.
  • FIGS. 19 24 Anode grates which have to be made out of a single piece are illustrated in FIGS. 19 24.
  • FIGS. 19 22 illustrate anode grates of slotted valve sheet metal.
  • FIGS. 23 24 illustrate anode grates of slotted valve sheet metal.
  • an anode grate as illustrated in FIG. 24, can be produced without loss in material.
  • holes are knocked into a valve metal sheet, for instance, by means of a pointed tool without subsequently deburring the holes.
  • a perforated sheet instead of this metal sheet also a commercially obtainable perforated sheet may be employed which is provided with transverse strips for assuring mechanical strength.
  • FIGS. 25 and 26 illustrate anode grates 13, the webs l4 and transverse strips 16 of which consist of semifinished valve metals which are welded to each other. In the same manner, it is also possible to produce anode grates 13, the webs l4 and frame 15 of which, consists of weldable semi-finished valve metals.
  • All above described anode grates may be provided with a coat or layer, either on one side or also on both sides, said coat or layer being adapted to permit an economical carrying out of the anode process.
  • the webs of the anode grates may entirely or at least at their surface consist of sintered activated valve metal and may be welded to the frame or transverse strip.
  • FIG. 28 shows a third embodiment of the cell upper part for amalgam high load cells with conductors shielded relative to the interior of the cell and with current distributors of conductive material such as copper or aluminum in the form of longitudinal beams 1, contact bolts 2a arranged therebelow and consisting of valve metal. a cell shielding 3 welded thereto and con sisting of valve metal sheet. and easily exchangeable anode grates 13 of coated valve metal, said anode grates 13 being connected to the contact bolts 2a.
  • the connection between longitudinal beam 1 and contact bolts 2a. or contact bolts 20 and an anode grate 13 is carried out expediently in the same manner as described in connection with the above mentioned cmbodiments.
  • This embodiment with contact bolts 2a results in a further saving of valve metal and thereby brings about a reduction in costs of manufacture. Due to the great conductor crosssection of the contact bolts 2a, with this embodiment the increase in cell voltage is immaterial in view of the unavoidable constriction of the current path.
  • the anode grates 13 are designed in the same manner described above in connection with the second embodiment of the invention.
  • the webs 14 of the anode grate 13 may be arranged transverse or parallel to the direction of flow of the mercury.
  • the arrangement and design of anode grates with fram according to which the webs are parallel to the direction of flow of the mercury is shown in FIG. 14.
  • the design of anode grates according to which the webs extend transverse to the direction of flow of mercury is shown in FIG. 19 in connection with an anode grate comprising a frame 15 and in FIGS. 16 and 20 in connection with an anode grate having a transverse strip 16.
  • FIG. 29 shows an anode grate 13 with transverse strips 16, the webs 14 of which. are parallelly arranged with regard to the direction of flow of the mercury.
  • the current conductors and distributors are made of a very good conductive material such as copper or aluminum whereby a considerable quantity of titanium is saved.
  • a very good conductive material such as copper or aluminum whereby a considerable quantity of titanium is saved.
  • the anode bars and anode grates of the cell upper part according to the invention are washed around from all sides by the electrolyte and. therefore. the electrolysis process may occur on the entire coated surface of the anodes, As a result thereof, with equal space requirement an increase in the production capacity is possible.
  • the construction of the cell upper part according to the invention makes it possible so to design the anode bars or anode grates that the developed chlorine gas can be withdrawn in a minimum of time from the range of the electrodes. in this way. the undesired influence of the so-called gas blowing effect will be impeded to a major extent.
  • a source of disorder in the heretofore known cell upper part is formed by the numerous seals which are required in the cell cover and which have to be continuously served and ehecked. With the construction according to the invention, such or similar wearing elements are not required. Consequently the overall structure of the cell upper part according to the invention for amalgam heavy duty cells has a long life. is not complicated and therefore meets all requirements of an economic heavy duty operation.
  • a cell upper part formed by a top electrode structure for amalgam heavy duty cells including spaced longitudinal beams of a metal selected from the group consisting of copper and aluminum, contact elements of valve metal secured in electrical contact to the bottom surface of said longitudinal beams. shielding means of sheet valve metal extending between said beams and all of said contact elements and secured to said elements in fluid tight contact and closing off said longitudinal beams from the cell contents below said beams, and a grate structure of valve metal having spaces therethrough extending below said beams and secured in electrical contact to said contact elements of valve metal, so that the contact elements and shielding means provide barrier means to protect the electrically conducting beams from the cell gases.
  • a cell upper part in combination according to claim 2 in which recesses are provided on the bottom side of said contact strip elements. and anodes in form of bars are clamped by screws into the recesses.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
US00271977A 1971-07-17 1972-07-14 Electrolysis cell Expired - Lifetime US3839179A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2135873A DE2135873B2 (de) 1971-07-17 1971-07-17 Zellenoberteil für Amalgamhochlastzellen

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US (1) US3839179A (Direct)
AT (1) AT317926B (Direct)
BE (1) BE786352A (Direct)
CH (1) CH540194A (Direct)
DE (1) DE2135873B2 (Direct)
FR (1) FR2146405B1 (Direct)
GB (1) GB1396127A (Direct)
IT (1) IT956133B (Direct)
NL (1) NL168012C (Direct)
NO (1) NO138569C (Direct)
SE (1) SE389348B (Direct)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3929607A (en) * 1974-02-25 1975-12-30 Ici Ltd Anodes for electrochemical processes
US3953316A (en) * 1973-11-05 1976-04-27 Olin Corporation Metal anode assembly
US3980545A (en) * 1973-07-06 1976-09-14 Rhone-Progil Bipolar electrodes with incorporated frames
US3981790A (en) * 1973-06-11 1976-09-21 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Dimensionally stable anode and method and apparatus for forming the same
US4022679A (en) * 1973-05-10 1977-05-10 C. Conradty Coated titanium anode for amalgam heavy duty cells
US4029566A (en) * 1974-02-02 1977-06-14 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Electrode for electrochemical processes and method of producing the same
US4033847A (en) * 1973-11-05 1977-07-05 Olin Corporation Metal anode assembly
US4078988A (en) * 1974-02-02 1978-03-14 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Electrode for electrochemical processes and method of producing the same
US4263107A (en) * 1979-05-03 1981-04-21 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. Electrolytic apparatus and process
US4300992A (en) * 1975-05-12 1981-11-17 Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. Activated cathode
US4379742A (en) * 1980-03-03 1983-04-12 Conradty Gmbh Co. Metallelektroden Kg Gas-generating metal electrode for electrochemical processes
US4661232A (en) * 1984-02-24 1987-04-28 Conradty Gmbh & Co. Metallelektroden Kg Electrode for electrolytic extraction of metals or metal oxides
US20100276281A1 (en) * 2009-04-29 2010-11-04 Phelps Dodge Corporation Anode structure for copper electrowinning
ITMI20112136A1 (it) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-25 Industrie De Nora Spa Struttura anodica per celle orizzontali per processi di elettrodeposizione di metalli
CN116216867A (zh) * 2023-05-06 2023-06-06 杭州水处理技术研究开发中心有限公司 一种抗污染强化电絮凝水处理装置及应用

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO139865C (no) * 1977-06-06 1979-05-23 Norsk Hydro As Utskiftbar katodeenhet egnet som modul for oppbygging av stabile, ikke deformerbare katodesystemer i elektrolysoerer for fremstilling av magnesium samt elektrolysoer med innmonterte katodeenheter
RU2403322C2 (ru) * 2008-08-12 2010-11-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Каустик" (ОАО "Каустик") Электролизер с горизонтальным ртутным катодом

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3271289A (en) * 1959-07-22 1966-09-06 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Mercury cathode electrolytic cell having an anode with high corrosionresistance and high electrical and heat conductivity
US3507771A (en) * 1966-09-30 1970-04-21 Hoechst Ag Metal anode for electrolytic cells
US3671415A (en) * 1969-09-02 1972-06-20 Ici Ltd Continuous lead-in core for an electrode assembly
US3689384A (en) * 1969-12-04 1972-09-05 Electro Chem Ind Corp Horizontal mercury cells
US3725223A (en) * 1971-01-18 1973-04-03 Electronor Corp Baffles for dimensionally stable metal anodes and methods of using same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3271289A (en) * 1959-07-22 1966-09-06 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Mercury cathode electrolytic cell having an anode with high corrosionresistance and high electrical and heat conductivity
US3507771A (en) * 1966-09-30 1970-04-21 Hoechst Ag Metal anode for electrolytic cells
US3671415A (en) * 1969-09-02 1972-06-20 Ici Ltd Continuous lead-in core for an electrode assembly
US3689384A (en) * 1969-12-04 1972-09-05 Electro Chem Ind Corp Horizontal mercury cells
US3725223A (en) * 1971-01-18 1973-04-03 Electronor Corp Baffles for dimensionally stable metal anodes and methods of using same

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4022679A (en) * 1973-05-10 1977-05-10 C. Conradty Coated titanium anode for amalgam heavy duty cells
US3981790A (en) * 1973-06-11 1976-09-21 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Dimensionally stable anode and method and apparatus for forming the same
US3980545A (en) * 1973-07-06 1976-09-14 Rhone-Progil Bipolar electrodes with incorporated frames
US3953316A (en) * 1973-11-05 1976-04-27 Olin Corporation Metal anode assembly
US4033847A (en) * 1973-11-05 1977-07-05 Olin Corporation Metal anode assembly
US4029566A (en) * 1974-02-02 1977-06-14 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Electrode for electrochemical processes and method of producing the same
US4078988A (en) * 1974-02-02 1978-03-14 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Electrode for electrochemical processes and method of producing the same
US3929607A (en) * 1974-02-25 1975-12-30 Ici Ltd Anodes for electrochemical processes
US4300992A (en) * 1975-05-12 1981-11-17 Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. Activated cathode
US4263107A (en) * 1979-05-03 1981-04-21 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. Electrolytic apparatus and process
US4379742A (en) * 1980-03-03 1983-04-12 Conradty Gmbh Co. Metallelektroden Kg Gas-generating metal electrode for electrochemical processes
US4661232A (en) * 1984-02-24 1987-04-28 Conradty Gmbh & Co. Metallelektroden Kg Electrode for electrolytic extraction of metals or metal oxides
US20100276281A1 (en) * 2009-04-29 2010-11-04 Phelps Dodge Corporation Anode structure for copper electrowinning
US8038855B2 (en) 2009-04-29 2011-10-18 Freeport-Mcmoran Corporation Anode structure for copper electrowinning
US8372254B2 (en) 2009-04-29 2013-02-12 Freeport-Mcmoran Corporation Anode structure for copper electrowinning
ITMI20112136A1 (it) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-25 Industrie De Nora Spa Struttura anodica per celle orizzontali per processi di elettrodeposizione di metalli
WO2013076277A3 (en) * 2011-11-24 2013-08-01 Industrie De Nora S.P.A. Anodic structure for horizontal cells for processes of metal electrodeposition
CN116216867A (zh) * 2023-05-06 2023-06-06 杭州水处理技术研究开发中心有限公司 一种抗污染强化电絮凝水处理装置及应用

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IT956133B (it) 1973-10-10
NO138569B (no) 1978-06-19
SE389348B (sv) 1976-11-01
NO138569C (no) 1978-09-27
NL168012C (nl) 1982-02-16
AT317926B (de) 1974-09-25
NL7209304A (Direct) 1973-01-19
FR2146405A1 (Direct) 1973-03-02
DE2135873A1 (de) 1973-01-25
FR2146405B1 (Direct) 1977-12-30
GB1396127A (en) 1975-06-04
CH540194A (de) 1973-08-15
DE2135873B2 (de) 1980-05-14
BE786352A (fr) 1972-11-16
NL168012B (nl) 1981-09-16

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