Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/90—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof
  • D06P1/92—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof in organic solvents
  • D06P1/922—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof in organic solvents hydrocarbons
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F43/00—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents
  • D06F43/007—Dry cleaning methods
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
  • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
  • D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
  • D06L1/06—De-sizing
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
  • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
  • D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
  • D06L4/17—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen in an inert solvent
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/22—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using vat dyestuffs including indigo
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/38—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/39—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using acid dyes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
  • D06P3/82—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres
  • D06P3/8204—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature
  • D06P3/8223—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature mixtures of fibres containing hydroxyl and ester groups
  • D06P3/8228—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature mixtures of fibres containing hydroxyl and ester groups using one kind of dye

Definitions

• ABSTRACT A process for the bleaching and/or desizing of textile [52] Cl 8/ 5 0 5 0 33 materials which comprises treating a textilematerial [5]] Int Cl 3 3/02 with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a base, the [581 M ofs'i ii'lIlIIIl'ii'i'fi'li-"iizno4 102 hydrogen Peroxide bemg aPPIIed as an emulsion of 5 aqueous hydrogen peroxide in a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon solvent.
• a process for the treatment of textile materials which comprises treating a textile material with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a base, the hydrogen peroxide being applied as an emulsion of aqueous hydrogen peroxide in a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon solvent.
• Textile materials made of either natural or synthetic fibres or blends thereof are in general readily wetted by hydrocarbon and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents and consequently application of the hydrogen peroxide emulsion is a rapid and simple manner.
• the emulsion can be applied, for example, by immersion of the fabric therein, or by spraying, padding or licking.
• the temperature of the emulsion during application to the textile material conveniently may be room temperature so that solvent losses during the application are minimised.
• Impregnation of the textile material with the emulsion will usually be under conditions such that any solvent-soluble substances in the fibres remain in association with the impregnated material. If the textile material is impregnated by immersion in a bath of emulsion, the use of a short immersion time is advantageous to avoid contamination of emulsion in the bath.
• the hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon solvent may conveniently be removed from the textile material. This removal may take place before, during or after the reaction of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of base on the textile material.
• the emulsion can be applied to the wet textile material as it leaves the solvent scouring vessel.
• the base may be applied simultaneously with the emulsion of hydrogen peroxide, conveniently by incorporating the base in the emulsion and according to one aspect of the present invention there is therefore provided a bleaching composition comprising an emulsion of hydrogen peroxide in a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon solvent which emulsion additionally contains a base.
• the base may be applied to the textile material before or after (preferably after) impregnation of the textile material with the emulsion. Whichever sequence is adopted.
• the base may be applied to the textile material in a variety of ways.
• the textile material may be passed into a bath containing the base; or the base may be sprayed onto the textile material, preferably as a solution, suspension or emulsion in a suitable solvent, for example water or a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon; or the textile material may be passed into a basic atmosphere, for example an atmosphere containing the vapour of a volatile base.
• This last procedure has the advantage that acidic vapours which may be produced by attack of peroxide on the solvent of the emulsion are neutralised by the atmosphere.
• the bleaching will usually take place at a pH in the range 9 to 13, with pH values in the range 10 to 12.5, for example about 12, being preferred.
• the pH at which bleaching takes place is, of course, the pH of the aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide during (or at least at the start of) the bleaching operation. Since this aqueous solution is emulsified at least partly in the hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon solvent, however, it is difficult to determine its exact pH. We have therefore devised procedures for estimating the pH of the aqueous solution depending upon whether the base is incorporated in the emulsion prior to application of the emulsion to the textile material or whether it is applied to the textile material subsequent to application of the emulsion.
• the base is incorporated in the emulsion of pH may be esti-' mated by shaking the emulsion with an equal volume of water, allowing the mixture to stand and then measuring its pH; if on standing the emulsion breaks and phase separation occurs the pH of the aqueous phase is determined.
• the base is applied separately from the emulsion either as an aqueous solution of the base or as a vapour, then we regard the pH at which bleaching takes place as equal to the pH of the solution of the base or the apparent pH of the basic atmosphere as determined using wet indicator paper.
• the pH can be estimated by mixing the emulsion of hydrogen peroxide with the solution of the base and estimating the pH as described above in respect of the pH of emulsions.
• bases which may be used are ammonia, alkali metal hydroxides for example sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; metal carbonates for example sodium carbonate; alkali metal alkoxides, especially those in which the alkoxide group contains one to four carbon atoms, for example the methoxides and ethoxides of sodium and potassium; and primary, secondary and tertiary amines, for example monoethanolamine, diethylamine and cyclohexylamine.
• alkali metal hydroxides for example sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
• metal carbonates for example sodium carbonate
• alkali metal alkoxides especially those in which the alkoxide group contains one to four carbon atoms, for example the methoxides and ethoxides of sodium and potassium
• primary, secondary and tertiary amines for example monoethanolamine, diethylamine and cyclohexylamine.
• the hydrogen peroxide may be introduced into the emulsion in the form of its aqueous solution. It may conveniently be used in the form of the commercially available aqueous 35% solution, although aqueous solutions of concentrations less than 35% or up to 70%, for example about 50%, may be employed.
• the emulsion will normally contain an emulsifying agent and advantageously this may also be a surfaceactive agent to facilitate washing of the textile material subsequent to removal of the solvent.
• an emulsifying agent is not itself a surface-active (or wetting) agent, then a surface-active agent will usually be incorporated in addition to the emulsifying agent.
• Anionic, cationic or non-ionic surface-active agents may be employed as may mixtures thereof and example of suitable compounds are condensates of alkyl phenols (for example nonyl phenol) with ethylene oxide; salts of alkyl aryl sulphonic acids, for example amine salts of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid; coconut oil diethanolamide; salts of the monosulphonic acid derivative of diesters of a succinic acid, for example sodium di(methyl amyl) sulphosuccinate; and salts of sulphated fatty alcohols. Also suitable are agents which increase the viscosity of the solvent.
• the emulsion may be subjected to basic conditions and a surface-active agent whose activity will not be unduly affected by the base should be chosen.
• hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons may be employed, for example white spirit, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, l,l,2-trichlorol,2,2-trifluoroethane and l,1,l-trichloroethane. Mixtures of solvents may be employed, if desired.
• the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the emulsion may vary within wide limits but will usually be at least 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion and may be conveniently the same as is used in conventional aqueous processes. For most practical bleaching operations there is no advantage in employing a concentration of hydrogen peroxide greater than 5% by weight of the emulsion although higher concentrations may be employed, if desired. In general, the larger the concentration of hydrogen peroxide the greater will be the amount of emulsifying agent required to form the emulsion. We have found that increasing the concentration of the emulsifying agent results in a thickening of the emulsion and we prefer to employ a thin emulsion.
• the amount of aqueous hydrogen peroxide emloyed depends on its concentration and is selected so as to produce the desired concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the emulsion.
• concentration of aqueous 35% hydrogen peroxide is preferably from 1.5% to l% by weight of the emulsion so that the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is from about 0.5% to about 3.5%.
• the concentration of the emulsifying agent which as explained hereinbefore is advantageously also a wetting agent for the textile material need not be significantly greater than that required just to emulsify the hydrogen peroxide.
• the concentration of the emulsifying agent will usually be from 0.25% to by weight of the emulsion, preferably about 1% to 2% by weight of the emulsion. In the case where there is present both an emulsifying agent and a separate surface-active agent, the amount of each agent may be from 0.25% to 5% by weight of the emulsion.
• the hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon solvent is removed.
• a variety of methods can be used for removing the solvent, for example air-drying especially using hot air.
• the removal be rapid, for example by causing rapid vaporisation (or flash-off) of the solvent.
• the resulting solvent vapours may be condensed to recover the solvent for re-use.
• the steam is caused to flow essentially counter to the direction of movement of the textile material.
• the time for which the textile material is maintained in contact with steam or hot air should be sufficient to remove substantially the whole of the solvent from the material and also to promote any chemical reaction involved in bleaching the material. In general times of 20 seconds to 120 seconds are sufficient for these purposes although if desired shorter or longer periods for example 10 seconds to several minutes may be effective in some cases.
• the textile material can be washed immediately, for example with an alkaline aqueous solution. However, it is not essential that the textile material be washed immediately after solvent removal and if desired a further treatment, for example a further bleach, may be effected between the steps of solvent removal and washing.
• the first wash will usually but not necessarily be in a dilute alkaline solution, for example a dilute aqueous solution of sodium carbonate. Any base used in producing the required pH conditions may at least assist in providing alkaline conditions in the first wash. Subsequent washes, of which there may be a number, may be hot or cold and may be in dilute alkali, soap solution or clear water.
• the machine in which the process is carried out preferably incorporates means for recovery of the solvent
• the process of the present invention may be carried out as a continuous operation in a manner similar to that described in the said co-pending Application.
• the present invention enables an improved bleaching action to be obtained without resorting to the additional bleaching step suggested in the said co-pending Application although additional bleaching steps may be ineluded if desired, for example if a full white finish is required.
• the process of the present invention may be used for the treatment of materials in a variety of forms, for example woven or knitted fabrics, felts and other sheet materials, or loose fibres carried on a suitable transport system such as an endless belt.
• Textile materials made of natural or man-made fibres may be treated as may blends of natural fibres and man-made fibres.
• the process is particularly suitable for the treatment of fabrics made of cotton fibres or of blends of polyester fibres with cotton fibres or regenerated cellulosic fibres, although fabrics made from other fibres or blends of fibres may also be treated.
• Woven or knitted fabrics are preferably treated in open width. Loomstate or desized fabrics may be treated as also may fabrics which have been singed and/or heat-set prior to treatment.
• the textile material treated need not be dry; stem damp fabrics containing for example 40% water have been successfully treated by the process of the invention.
• dewaxing, desizing and bleaching may be carried out simultaneously to yield in a very short treatment (for example 60 to 120 seconds including washing) a material having high and extremely uniform absorbency properties which is suitable directly for dyeing and for other finishing operations for example resin-finishing.
• the wax content (wax plus fats and grease) of the fabrics was determined by Soxhlet extraction; the solvent used was chloroform.
• the starch equivalent value of the fabrics was determined according to the method recommended by the Cotton, Silk and Man-Made Fibres Research Association of The Shirley Institute in their Test Leaflet No. Chem. 5: The material is digested with dilute sulphuric acid under such conditions that the starch is dissolved completely with the minimum degradation of the fibre consistent with this. The solution is then filtered, a suitable aliquet portion of the filtrate is digested with standard potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid, and the quantity of dichromate consumed is determined by titration with a standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulphate using phenyl anthranilic acid as indicator.
• the blue reflectance of the fabric was determined using a Zeiss Elrephe Reflectometer and recording four readings of which two were recorded for each side of the fabric, one along the warp and the other along the weft. The figure recorded is the mean value of the four readings.
• the surface active agent mixture was a 50/50 w/w mixture of Lissapol NX (a nonyl phenol/ethylene oxide condensate) and Nansa 1146 (a mixture of isopropylamine dodecyl benzene sulphonate and coconut oil diethanolamide).
• a small sample of loomstate cotton fabric (4 ounces/square yard) was impregnated by immersion in the emulsion to give approximately 100% pick-up, and the impregnated fabric was passed directly to a steam chamber where it was contacted with steam at 95C to 100C for a period of 30 seconds after which time the trichloroethylene had been substantially removed.
• the fabric essentially free of trichloroethylene, was washed for 1 minute in 3 g/l aqueous caustic soda at C to C and then for 1 minute in water at 90C to 95C. It was then rinsed for 5 minutes in cold water.
• the fabric was steamed for 30 seconds and washed off as in Example 1.
• the properties of the treated sample were determined and the results compared with the results obtained from the grey (untreated) cloth and from a sample of fabric which had been treated as above except that it had not been sprayed with a solution of diethylamine.
• the results are shown in Table 3:
• the fabric essentially free from trichloroethylene. was passed into a wash-box containing water at C to C (residence time approximately 120 seconds) and on emerging from the wash-box was sprayed with cold water.
• a small sample of the wet fabric so obtained was washed in the laboratory, first in hot water and then in cold water and this sequence was repeated four times. The washed sample was dried with hot air and allowed to condition overnight.
• the fabric essentially free of trichloroethylene was washed for one minute in water at 95C and for minutes in cold water.
• Example 1 50 Parts by weight Perchloroethylene 95 1% Hydrogen peroxide (aqueous 357:) 2 Sodium mcthoxide (25% by weight in l /z methanol) Surface-active agent mixture (as in l Example I)
• the procedure of Example 5 was repeated using this emulsion to treat a small sample of loomstate cotton 0 fabric (4 ounces/square yard). The results are shown in Table 7:
• Example 5 Parts by weight White spirit Hydrogen peroxide (aqueous 35%) 2 Sodium methoxide (25% by weight in l methanol) Surface-active agent mixture (as in Example 1) 2
• the procedure of Example 5 was repeated using this emulsion to treat a small sample of loomstate cotton fabric (6 ounces/square yard). The results are shown in Table 8:
• alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
• a process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the emulsion is from 0.5% to 5% by weight.
• alkoxide group is a methoxide or ethoxide group.
• emulsifying agent is a condensate of an alkyl phenol with ethylene oxide.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Coloring (AREA)
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Cited By (10)

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Citations (5)

• 1970
  • 1970-09-29 GB GB4624670A patent/GB1335984A/en not_active Expired
• 1971
  • 1971-09-15 GB GB3874271A patent/GB1361209A/en not_active Expired
  • 1971-09-20 US US00182244A patent/US3838967A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1971-09-27 CA CA123,794A patent/CA968103A/en not_active Expired
  • 1971-09-28 AU AU33968/71A patent/AU3396871A/en not_active Expired
  • 1971-09-28 FR FR7134841A patent/FR2108066A1/fr active Granted
  • 1971-09-28 FR FR7134840A patent/FR2108229A6/fr not_active Expired
  • 1971-09-28 NL NL7113288A patent/NL7113288A/nl unknown
  • 1971-09-28 AU AU33970/71A patent/AU3397071A/en not_active Expired
  • 1971-09-29 BE BE773289A patent/BE773289R/fr active
  • 1971-09-29 DE DE19712148702 patent/DE2148702A1/de active Pending
  • 1971-09-29 DE DE19712148701 patent/DE2148701A1/de active Pending
  • 1971-09-29 BE BE773290A patent/BE773290A/fr unknown

Patent Citations (5)

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