Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
  • D06M13/127—Mono-aldehydes, e.g. formaldehyde; Monoketones
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/04—Polyester fibers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/09—Polyolefin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/10—Polyvinyl halide esters or alcohol fiber modification
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/21—Nylon

Definitions

• ABSTRACT Cellulosic materials such as cotton fabrics or garments are made crease resistant by exposing them to formaldehyde vapor at an elevated temperature after preimpregnation of fabric with a formaldehyde-free aqueous solution of a latent catalyst, preferably zinc chloride.
• This invention relates to the creaseproofing of cellulosic materials.
• an object of this invention is to improve the wrinkle resistance of cellulose by the use of formaldehyde in a relatively simple process without seriously degrading other important fabric properties such as tensile strength and abrasion resistance.
• Another object is to provide a process wherein formaldehyde is distributed in the fabric with a high degree of uniformity and reproducibility.
• a more specific object is to provide a process wherein the fabric need not be padded with a treating bath more than once and wherein it is exposed to formaldehyde in the vapor phase.
• Another specific object is to provide a process wherein the fabric may be effectively pressed with a hot iron after padding with a latent catalyst and wherein the pressed fabric may thereafter be crease-proofed by exposure to formaldehyde vapor.
• a process for creaseproofing cellulosic fiber-containing fabric using formaldehyde vapor and a solid catalyst which process involves (a) impregnating the cellulosic fabric to a wet pick up of between about 50 and 110 percent with a formaldehyde-free aqueous solution containing about 0.2 to 5 percent of a water soluble solid catalyst such as zinc chloride, ammonium chloride, phosphoric acid or zinc nitrate, (b) conditioning the formaldehyde-free, catalyst-containing fabric by adjusting the moisture content thereof to between about 5 and 15 percent, preferably between about 5 and 12 percent, exposing the conditioned, formaldehyde-free, catalyst-containing fabric to formaldehyde vapor at a temperature between about 90C.
• the dimensional stability, crease resistance and smooth drying characteristics of a cellulosic fiber-containing material are improved with a minimum of degradation of other properties by applying to the material a solution of a latent catalyst and thereafter exposing the catalyst-containing fabric or articles made therefrom to formaldehyde vapor at a temperature between about and C. after having conditioned that fabric to a moisture content of between about 5 and 15 percent based on dry fabric weight.
• the process requires curing times of only a few minutes and produces excellent wrinkle recovery characteristics as well as high extensibility.
• Polymers capable of forming a soft film may be included in latex form in the catalyst bath to further improve final fabric properties.
• zinc chloride, ammonium chloride, phosphoric acid and zinc nitrate have been found effective when applied to a properly moisture conditioned fabric, and among these zinc chloride has been found to be particularly outstanding and free from collateral disadvantages.
• phosphoric acid results in a greater degree of fabric degradation, especially if permitted to remain in the fabric for a long time between its initial impregnation and its final removal by laundering subsequent to curing.
• Ammonium chloride, in comparison with zinc chloride has the advantage of being very fast acting but has the disadvantage of decomposing at elevated temperatures and therefore is not very effective where it is desired to hot press the fabric prior to exposure to the formaldehyde vapor and final cure.
• any formaldehyde polymer that is left on the treated fabric at the end of the curing step and any subsequent operation such as laundering, may be easily and permanently removed therefrom by drying or heating the washed fabric, e.g., in air, at a temperature above 100C., preferably between 1 and 150 C., whereby uncombined formaldehyde polymer is depolymerized and removed and liberation of irritating formaldehyde from the fabric during subsequent use is precluded.
• This is in contrast to the behavior of ureaformaldehyde resins such as are commonly used for creaseproofing, which tend to decompose slowly and thus release formaldehyde gradually from treated fabrics during service.
• a polymeric resinous additive that is capable of forming a soft film.
• such additive may be a latex or fine aqueous dispersion of polyethylene, various alkyl acrylate polymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers, deacetylated ethylene-vinyl acetete copolymers (polyvinyl alcohols), polyurethanes and. so forth.
• Polymeric additives suitable for this general purpose are otherwise well known in the art and in most cases are commercially available in concentrated aqueous latex form.
• such a latex is preferably diluted to provide about 1 to 3 percent polymer solids in the aqueous padding bath before the fabric is treated therewith.
• the present invention is useful for treating various natural or artificial cellulosic fibers alone or as mixtures with each other in various proportions or as mixtures with other fibers.
• They include natural cellulosic fibers such as cotton, linen and hemp, as well as regenerated or artificial cellulosic fibers such as viscose rayon and cuprammonium rayon.
• Fibers which may be used in blends with one or more of the above mentioned cellulosic fibers are, for example, cellulose acetate, polyamides (e.g., nylon), polyesters (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate), polyacrylonitrile, polyolefins (e.g., polypropylene), polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, and polyvinyl alcohol fibers.
• Such blends preferably include at least per cent by weight, and most preferably at least 60 per cent by weight, of cotton or natural cellulose.
• the fabric may be knit, woven, nonwoven, or otherwise constructed. It may be fiat, creased, pleated, hemmed, or formed into most any shape prior to contact with the formaldehyde-containing atmosphere. After processing; the formed creaseproofed fabric will maintain the desired configuration substantially for the life of the article, that is, a wash-wear or durable press fabric will be produced.
• the fabric containing a previously applied latent catalyst may be placed in a reaction chamber to which gaseous formaldehyde is supplied from any convenient source, e.g., a formaldehyde generator wherein formaldehyde vapor is produced by heating a suspension of para-formaldehyde in mineral oil.
• gaseous formaldehyde is supplied from any convenient source, e.g., a formaldehyde generator wherein formaldehyde vapor is produced by heating a suspension of para-formaldehyde in mineral oil.
• the reaction chamber is preferably maintained at a temperature between about 90 and 150 C e.g., between 110 and 130 C.
• the atmosphere in the reaction chamber may either consist essentially of formaldehyde or it may be a mixture containing from 5 to 75 volume per cent formaldehyde gas diluted with air or an inert gas such as nitrogen.
• a formaldehyde addon of between about 0.5 and 5 percent based on dry fabric weight should thus be affixed, whereupon the cured fabric may be scoured with an aqueous detergent solution to remove any water soluble formaldehyde and other soluble matter.
• any suitable means may be employed.
• a batch system utilizing a closed vessel or tube containing the gaseous formaldehyde may be used in which the catalyst-containing fabric either in its flat state or in the form of a tailored garment may be placed for the appropriate time.
• a dynamic or continuous system can be used such as one wherein a stream of formaldehyde vapor is passed through a closed elongated chamber through which the fabric is also passed at an appropriate rate, either concurrently or countercurrently relative to the formaldehyde vapor or gas mixture. It is also possible to use combinations of the above, such as by passing a stream of formaldehydecontaining gas over a stationary fabric.
• the reactor used in this work was a cylindrical vessel having a capacity of about 71 liters, constructed of Vet-inch aluminum (42 cm. inside diameter and 57 cm. high).
• the walls of this reactor are heated with band heaters equipped with a 3-way switch that permits operation at 600, 1200 or 2400 watts.
• the reactor wall temperature is controlled by an adjustable bimetallic thermostat, and the reactor is surrounded by an insulating blanket.
• the gas content of the reactor is recircu lated through an external recycle line by an aluminum pressure blower equipped with a heat slinger and hightemperature, lubricated sealed bearings.
• An adjustable damper in the recycle line permits some control of the pressure within the reactor, but during normal operation nearly atmospheric reactor pressure is preferred.
• Formaldehyde gas is conducted into the reactor through a heated line from a separate vessel where it is generated as needed by heating a suspension of paraformaldehye in mineral oil.
• the reactor is further equipped with another line through which other gases such as steam or air may be admitted when and as desired.
• the rate of flow of formaldehyde was controlled by regulating the temperature of the mineral oil between and 140 C.
• EXAMPLE 1 A series of tests was conducted in treating printclotrf with solutions of various solid catalysts, with and without a polymeric additive, at a wet pick-up of about 70 percent, drying the fabric and conditioning it to a moisture content of about 10 percent, then exposing it to formaldehyde in the reaction chamber described above at C. for various reaction times, and finally washing and drying the cured fabric. The results are presented in Table l.
• Pad baths contained 0.5% ammonium chloride or 2% zinc nitrate hexahydrate.
• a process for creaseproofing cellulosic fibercontaining fabric using formaldehyde vapor and a solid catalyst which process comprises:
• a cellulosic fiber-containing fabric a cellulosic fiber-containing fabric to a wet pick-up of between about 50 and 1 percent with a formaldehyde-free aqueous solution consisting essentially of water which has dissolved therein about 0.2 to 5 percent of a water-soluble solid catalyst selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, ammonium chloride, phosphoric acid and zinc nitrate,
• a process for creaseproofmg cellulosic fibercontaining fabric using formaldehyde vapor and a solid catalyst which process comprises:
• a cellulosic fiber-containing fabric to a wet pick-up of between about 50 and 1 10 percent with a formaldehyde-free aqueous solution consisting essentially of water which has dissolved therein about 0.2 to 5 percent of a water-soluble solid catalyst selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, ammonium chloride, phosphoric acid and zinc nitrate, and about i to 3 percent of a finely divided, soft film forming polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, alkyl acryiate polymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols and polyurethanes,
• a process for creaseproofing cellulosic fibercontaining fabric using formaldehyde vapor and a solid catalyst which process comprises:
• a cellulosic fiber-containing fabric to a wet pick-up of between about 50 and 1 l0 percent with a formaldehyde-free aqueous solution consisting essentially of water which has dissolved therein about 0.2 to percent of a water-soluble solid catalyst selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, ammonium chloride, phosphoric acid and zinc nitrate, and about 1 to 3 percent ofa finely divided, soft film forming polymer selected from the 5 group consisting of polyethylene, alkyl acrylate polymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols and polyurethanes,
• a process for creaseproofing cellulosic fibercontaining fabric using formaldehyde vapor and a solid catalyst comprises:
• a cellulosic fiber-containing fabric a cellulosic fiber-containing fabric to a wet pick-up of between about 50 and 1 10 percent with a formaldehyde-free aqueous solution containing about 0.2 to 5 percent of a water-soluble solid catalyst selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, ammonium chloride, phosphoric acid and zinc nitrate,
• step (b) wherein prior to step (b) the catalyst-containing fabric is dried and a shaped garment having at least one hot pressed crease formed therein is manufactured from the dried fabric.
• a process for creaseproofing cellulosic fibercontaining fabric using formaldehyde vapor and a solid catalyst which process comprises:
• a cellulosic fiber-containing fabric a cellulosic fiber-containing fabric to a wet pick-up of between about 50 and 1 10 percent with a formaldehyde-free aqueous solution containing about 0.2 to 5 percent of a water-soluble solid catalyst selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, ammonium chloride, phosphoric acid and zinc nitrate,
• step (b) wherein prior to step (b) the catalyst-containing fabric is dried and a shaped garment having at least one hot pressed crease formed therein is manufactured from the dried fabric.
• the fabric is a cotton fabric and is dried to have a moisture content of between about 5 and 12 percent after impregnation with the catalyst solution and before expo- ;sure to formaldehyde.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26844684

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (8)

Citations (4)

• 0
  • CH CH1438269D patent/CH1438269D/xx unknown
• 1969
  • 1969-09-17 BE BE739011D patent/BE739011A/xx unknown
  • 1969-09-19 DE DE19691947483 patent/DE1947483A1/de active Pending
  • 1969-09-23 FR FR6932337A patent/FR2018751A7/fr not_active Expired
  • 1969-09-24 NL NL6914520A patent/NL6914520A/xx unknown
• 1971
  • 1971-05-26 US US00147201A patent/US3837799A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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