US3310420A - Process for flameproofing cellulosic textile material - Google Patents
Process for flameproofing cellulosic textile material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3310420A US3310420A US493253A US49325365A US3310420A US 3310420 A US3310420 A US 3310420A US 493253 A US493253 A US 493253A US 49325365 A US49325365 A US 49325365A US 3310420 A US3310420 A US 3310420A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- cellulosic
- ammonia
- solution
- curing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 30
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- -1 PHOSPHONIUM HALIDE Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 26
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- USDJGQLNFPZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N [[4,6-bis(hydroxymethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]methanol Chemical compound OCNC1=NC(NCO)=NC(NCO)=N1 USDJGQLNFPZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- QZHCWVOOQUPXGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC[P] Chemical compound OC[P] QZHCWVOOQUPXGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 4
- YTVQIZRDLKWECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzoylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1CCCCC1=O YTVQIZRDLKWECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- USJRLGNYCQWLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorophosphane Chemical compound ClP USJRLGNYCQWLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 238000010952 in-situ formation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFIAIMMAHAIVFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[bis(2-hydroxybutyl)amino]butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CN(CC(O)CC)CC(O)CC BFIAIMMAHAIVFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYOSFLPUWVWHOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylidenepropane-1,3-diol;urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O.CC=C(CO)CO XYOSFLPUWVWHOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]methanol Chemical class NC1=NC(N)=NC(NCO)=N1 MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVJOGYWFVNTSAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylol ethylene urea Chemical compound OCN1CCN(CO)C1=O WVJOGYWFVNTSAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002979 fabric softener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AIRPJJGSWHWBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].OC[PH3+] AIRPJJGSWHWBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NCCN1 YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FAUOSXUSCVJWAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphanium Chemical compound OC[P+](CO)(CO)CO FAUOSXUSCVJWAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005219 trimethyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RSSHUWHSFGCSHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(hydroxymethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OCN(CO)CO RSSHUWHSFGCSHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/667—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing phosphorus in the main chain
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
- D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
- D06M15/43—Amino-aldehyde resins modified by phosphorus compounds
- D06M15/431—Amino-aldehyde resins modified by phosphorus compounds by phosphines or phosphine oxides; by oxides or salts of the phosphonium radical
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
- Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
Description
United States Patent This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application S.N. 148,803, filed October 31, 1961, now abandoned.
This invention relates to an improved process for treating cellulosic materials and more particularly it relates to an improved process for the treatment of cellulosic textile materials to render them substantiallyflame-retardant.
Heretofore, considerable work has been done in the development of processes for flameproofing cellulosic materials and particularly cellulosic textiles, utilizing methylol-phosphorus polymers which have nitrogen atoms incorporated into the polymer, which polymers are well known to have excellent flame-retarding properties. In the course of this work, it has been found that it is generally not enough just to produce a cellulosic textile material which is flame retardant, but it is further desirable that this flame retardancy is retained even after repeated launderings, while at the same time, retaining the desired hand, durability, tear strength and tensile strength of the material. In this regard, the manner in which the methylol-phosphorus polymers are cured after being applied to the cellulosic textile determines to an appreciable extent Whether the final treated textile product has these desired characteristics. I
To illustrate the above, it has been found that heat curing of the methylol-phosphorus polymers after they have been deposited on the cellulosic textile, frequently results in a reduction in the tear strength and tensile strength of the treated fabric. Moreover, where the heat curing is not carefully controlled, uneven curing of the polymer occurs, often to the extent that the polymer in the interior of the fabric still has appreciable water solubility. The durability of the flame-retardant finish in such product is generally adversely affected and the cellulosic materials obtained frequently are stiff and/or boardy and, hence, not desirable.
To overcome these difliculties, in one prior art process it is proposed to effect the cure of the methylol-phosphorus polymers using ammonia, rather than heat. In this manner, the difficulties encountered in heat curing of the resin are overcome. This method has not, however, been completely satisfactory because at the time of the ammonia cure the resin is soluble in ammonia-containing solutions and is dissolved out of the fabric when ammonia solutions are used as the curing agent. Thereafter, as the dissolved resin becomes insolubilized by the ammonia in the solution, it may be redeposited on the surface of the fabric, in the form of white spots which are detrimental to the appearance of the textile material. Where gaseous ammonia is used as the curing agent, rather than an aqueous ammonia solution, there is no solubilization of the resin from the fabric but the time required to effect curing with gaseous ammonia is undesirably long and, frequently, the reaction temperatures may be sufliciently high to adversely affect the treated fabric.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an improved process for treating cellulosic materials to render them substantially flame retardant.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved process for flameproofing cellulosic textiles, whereby the resulting treated textile material is made durably flame retardant and undergoes substantially no reduction in tear strength or tensile strength.
These and other objects will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the invention which follows.
Pursuant to the above objects, the process of the present invention includes impregnating a cellulosic material with a polymerizable composition comprising a tetrakis- (alpha-hydroxyorgano)phosphonium halide, a watersoluble, cyclic, co-polymerizable nitrogencontaining compound, a copolymerizable compound which is a carbamic acid derivative, and an acid releasing polymeriza tion catalyst, heating the thus-impregnated material at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to partially polymerize the polymerizable composition, only to the extent that it is substantially insoluble in ammoniacontaining solutions, and, thereafter, contacting the material containing the thus-partially polymerized composition with an ammonia containing solution in an amount and for a period of time sufficient to substantially cure the composition and render it substantially water-insoluble. The cellulosic materials, such as cellulosic textiles, treated in accordance with the above process are found to be durably flame retardant, even after repeated launderings, and show no evidence of resin spotting on the surface as a result of partial dissolving of the impregnating composition during the ammonia cure. Additionally, the hand of the fabric is essentially unchanged from that of .the untreated fabric and the tear strength and tensile strength are comparable to that of untreated fabric.
More specifically, in the practice of the present method, the polymerizable composition with which the cellulosic material is impregnated is preferably an aqueous composition containing the following components in the amounts indicated.
Components: Percent by weight Tetrakis(alpha hydroxyorgano)phosphonium halide compound 10-40 Water-soluble, cyclic, copolymerizable nitrogen-containing compound 5-l5 Carbamic acid derivative 1-10 Acid releasing polymerization catalyst 1-10 Water 35-80 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyls having between about 1 and about 6 carbon atoms, halogenated lower alkyls having between about 1 and about 6 carbon atoms, lower alkenyls having between about 1 and about 6 carbon atoms, halogenated lower alkenyls having between about 1 and about 6 carbon atoms, carbocyclic aryls having between about 5 and about 10 carbon atoms, halogenated aryls having between about 5 and about 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyls having between about 3 and about 6 carbon atoms, halogenated cycloalkyls having between about 3 and about 6 carbon atoms, and X is a halogen, such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine or iodine. Typical examples and The phosphonium compounds may be used in monomer form or in a partially polymerized form, so long as they are still water-soluble. For example, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride, which is the preferred phosphonium compound, may be heated to elfect partial polymerization before dissolving it in the solution.
Water-soluble cyclic nitrogen-containing compounds suitable for use in the present invention include the triazines and the dimethylol cyclic alkylene ureas. Typical examples of suitable triazines include the methlylol melamines, such as mono-, di-, and trirnethylol melamine; modified methylol melamines, such as the trimethyl ether of trimethylol melamine, triazines, such as dimethylol triazone; and mixtures thereof. Typical examples of suitable cyclic alkylene ureas include dimethylol ethylene urea, dimethylol propylene urea, and the like. Of these, trimethylol melamine is preferred and for this reason hereinafter primary reference will be made to this compound.
The carbamic acid derivatives which may be incorporated in the composition for use in the present method are exemplified by urea, thiourea, biuret, ethylene urea, dicyandiamide, and the like. By incorporating these compounds in the present composition, the amount of the more expensive phosphonium halide compound can be reduced, over that required when these compounds are not present. Of the compounds indicated above, the preferred are urea and thiourea and, accordingly, specific reference to these materials will be made hereinafter.
The acid releasing polymerization catalyst and bath stabilizer used in the present composition may be any suitable acid releasing catalyst which does not have an adverse effect on the copolymerization of the preferred phosphonium chloride compound with the water-soluble cyclic nitrogen containing compound and the carbamic acid derivative. Exemplary of acid releasing catalysts which may be used are strong inorganic acid salts of tertiary amines, such as tertiary amine hydrochlorides; strong inorganic acid salts of magnesium and zinc, such as magnesium chloride, zinc nitrate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, and the like; alkanol amine hydrochlorides, such as trithanolamine hydrochloride, tripropanolamine hydrochloride, tributanolamine hydrochloride, trimethylolamine hydrochloride and the like. Rather than adding the tertiary alkanolamine hydrochloride compound directly to the polymerization solution, prior to the impregnation of the textile fabric, the crresponding tertiary alkanol amines can be added to the polymerizable solution and the amine hydrochloride catalyst can be formed in situ in the polymerizable mixture by reaction of the tertiary alkano-amine with chlorine from the phosphonium chloride compound. In many instances, this in situ formation of the amine hydrochloride is preferred so that, hereinafter, in referring to the acid releasing polymerization catalyst, primary reference will be made to the use of a tertiary alkanolamine, such as triethanola-mine. It is to be appreciated, however, that this in situ generation of the catalyst is not to be confused with the in situ formation of the polymer on the cellulosic fabric treated. While in accordance with the process of the present invention, the acid releasing polymerization catalyst can be added as such to the polymerizable solution, rather than being generated in situ, the in situ formation of the methylol-phosphorus-nitrogen-containing polymer upon the cellulosic fabric substrate results in producing the advantages of the present invention.
A preferred polymerizable impregnating composition for use in the method of the present invention contains the following components in the amounts indicated.
Components: Percent by weight Tetrakis hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride 2332 Triethanolamine 47 Triethanolmelamine 6-9 Urea 47 Water 48-65 In addition to these components, the impregnating composition may also contain other adjuvants, such as fabric softeners, wetting agents, and the like. .Typically, when used, these adjuvants will be present in the composition in an amount up to about 3% by weight of the total impregnating composition.
In formulating the polymerizable impregnating bath for use in the present method, the non-aqueous components are added to the water, preferably in the order set forth hereinabove. Generally, agitation of the bath is desirable in order to insure that the non-aqueous components will be substantially completely dissolved in the aqueous portion of the bath. Once the impregnating bath has been formed, it is desirably maintained at a temperature below about 30 centigrade, in order to maintain maximum stability and bath life. Typical operating temperatures for the impregnating bath are between about 20 to about 30 centigrade, although it will be appreciated that in some instances both higher and lower temperatures will be used. Normally, however, temperatures substantially in excess of about 30 oentigrade are not preferred since with such temperatures, there may be a reduction in the time of useful bath life. It is to be further noted that during periods of high ambient temperatures, it may be desirable to use ice to cool the impregnating composition. In such instances, it has been found that replacement of about 15 to about 25% of the water in the impregnating bath with ice will generally be sufficient to maintain the bath temperature within the desired range without adversely affecting the concentration of the impregnating composition.
Once the polymerizable impregnating solution has been prepared, preferably in the manner indicated hereinabove, the solution may be applied to the cellulosic material, such as cellulosic textiles, in any convenient manner. For example, in the treatment of yard goods in mill apparatus, the polymerizable solution may be formulated in a padding box and the cellulosic material to be treated immersed in the solution. Thereafter, impregnation of the material is effected by passing the goods through a pad or squeeze roll or other suitable means for removing the excess solution.
It is to be noted that an important factor in the present method is the amount of resin add-on in the cellulosic materials which have been treated. Obviously, a resin add-0n which is too low may result in a product which has poor flame-retardancy and/ or a product in which the durability of the flame retardancy after repeated launderings is reduced. Moreover, it has been found that a resin add-on which is too great may result in a product which has an unsatisfactory hand, i.e., a product which is stilf and/or boardy. Accordingly, it is important that the cellulosic material treated is given a resin add-on which provides both satisfactory flame retardancy and durability, without adversely affecting the hand of the material, or in other words, that a flame retarding amount of the impregnating composition be deposited in the cellulosic material. Generally, it has been found that resin add-ons within the range of about 16 to about 24% by weight of the cellulosic material treated give satisfactory results. It will be appreciated, however, that resin add-ons which are greaterthan, or lesser than these preferred amounts may be used in some instances, depending upon the type and weight of the cellulosic material being treated.
Inasmuch, as the resin add-on of the cellulosic material treated in accordance with the present method is largely dependent upon the amount of wet pickup of the polymerizable impregnating soltuion during impregnation it will be apparent to those in the art that control of the amount of wet pickup during the impregnating step is also an important factor. Generally, it has been found that wet pickups within the range of about 65 to about 100% by weight of the fabric being treated will give a finished product having the desired resin add-on. When carrying out the impregnation on yard goods, as has been described hereinabove, the amount of wet pickup in the material may be controlled by varying the amount of pressure on the pad or squeeze roll. Desirably, the Wet pickup obtained is within the range of about 60 to about 80% by weight, thus giving a resin add-on'within the range of about 18 to about 24% by weight, and preferably is within the range of about 70 to about 75% by weight to give a resin add-on within the range of about 19 to about 21% by weight.
Once the cellulosic material has been impregnated and the wet pickup of the polymerizable solution on the material has been adjusted to the desired value, the material is partially cured by subjecting it to heat at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to partially polymerize the polymerizable impregnant, only to the extent that it is substantially insoluble in ammonia-containing solution. Generally, this heating will be such that aldehyde groups, generated during the polymerization of the composition, will undergo substantially no reaction with the cellulose molecules of the treated material. Additionally, the extent of the polymerization will be such that there is a substantial insolubilization of the composition in ammonia-containing solutions. In order to effect this desired polymerization, it has been found that generally, the impregnated fabric should be at a temperature within the range of about 65 to about 180 centigrade and that this temperature should be maintained for a period of from about 24 hours to about seconds, the longer curing time obviously being used at the lower temperature. It is to be appreciated, however, that other curing temperatures and times may also be used which result in a similar partial polymerization of the impregnating composition to the extent that there is a substantial insolubilization of the composition in ammonia-containing solutions, provided such other tirries and temperatures used have no detrimental effects on the cellulosiotmaterial or the impregnating compositions.
The heat curing of the impregnated cellulosic material maybe carried out in any suitable equipment, asfor ex 5 ample, a loop oven, or a conventional roller type oven, or the like. With such heating equipment, the cloth temperatures used are preferably within the range of about 130 to 160 centrigrade and curing times are of from about 5 minutes to about 1 minute. 3 It is to be appreciated that in some instances it may be desirable to subject the impregnated cellulosic material to a drying operation, either prior to or simultaneously with the heat curing operation. In carrying out the drying operation prior to the heat cure, it has generally been found that the drying conditions are adjusted so as to provide a moisture content in the dried fabric of from about 5 to about 10%. In this manner, there is substantially no curing of the impregnating composition during the drying operation so that the extent of curing can be more closely controlled in the separate heat curing step. Where drying and curing are performed simultaneously, it is generally preferable that the combined operation be carried out at the lower temperatures and longer times withabove.
After the heat curing operation is completed and the desired partial polymerization of the impregnated cellulosic material is obtained, the treated cellulosic material is subjected to a chemical curing operation, using as a source of ammonia, an ammonia-containing solution. The ammonia may be supplied'for the curing operation as aqueous ammonia, including ammonium hydroxide; solutions of amino compounds containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms per molecule, such as amines containing a primary amino group, hydrazine, alkyl-substituted hydrazine and the like; ammonium carbonate or other readily dissociated weak acid salts of ammonia, such as ammonium acetate, ammonium formate and the like. Additionally, the chemical curing of the impregnated cellulosic material may be effected, using a composition comprising a mixture of the ammonium salt of a strong acid, such as ammonium sulfate, an alkali metal carbonate, and an alkali metal bicarbonate, such as sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. This mixture is dissolved in water and the impregnated cellulosic material is brought into contact with the resulting aqueous solution. Generally, for ease of operation, it is preferred to effect the chemical curing of the polymeriza'ble impregnating composition with an aqueous solution of ammonia, such as ammonium hydroxide or the aforementioned aqueous solution of the mixture of ammonium sulfate, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
The chemical curing is carried out for a period of time sufiicient to effect substantially complete polymerization and curing of the impregnated composition, with the resulting substantially complete water insolubilization of the compositions on the cellulosic material. Obviously, the time to effect the chemical curing operation will vary, depending upon the amount of resin add-on in the treated material, as well as the nature of the cellulosic material itself. In many instances, however, curing times within the range of about 1 minute to about 5 minutes have been found to be typical. Similarly, the ammonia concentration in the chemical curing compositions may also vary, with concentrations within the range of about 1 to about 10% by Weight of the chemical curing solution being typical.
The chemical curing operation may be carried out in any suitable apparatus, as for example, a padder or in a jig. Where the padder is arranged in tandem with the curing oven, the chemical curing step may be carried out continuously. In instances where the finishing operations on the treated fabric includes scouring in the jig, however, the ammonia cure may be more conveniently carried out in the jig during the first end. Exemplary of a specific curing composition which may be used in either a padder or a jig is one cointaining the following components in the amounts indicated:
Water gallons Ammonium sulfate pounds 50 Sodium carbonate ...do 30 Sodium bicarbonate do 50 After effecting the chemical curing of the impregnated fabric with this composition, a hold time of at least about 1 minute is desirable before subsequent processing operations, such as scouring, are carried out.
Following the chemical cure of the cellulosic material, the treated fabric is preferably scoured or washed to remove any unpolymerized material from the fabric. Typically, the scouring operation may 'be effected using any conventional scouring process, such as rope scouring, continuous open Width scouring, jig scouring, and the like. The scouring may conveniently be carried out using an aqueous soap solution containing small amounts of sodium carbonate and sodium perborate. The scouring or washing operation is preferably followed by a drying step wherein the treated fabric is dried in a conventional manner, after which the fabric may be subjected to any desired finishing operation such as shrink proofing, calendering, and the like.
The cellulosic materials treated in accordance with the procedures which have been described hereinabove are found to be durably flame retardant, even after numerous launderings. Additionally, these materials are found to have a tear strength, tensile strength and hand substantially unchanged from those of untreated materials. Moreover, the treated cellulosic textiles are found to be further characterized by the absence of deposits of resinous material on the surface thereof, which deposits have characterized textile materials which have been processed by prior art methods which utilize only a chemical curing operation.
In order that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and the manner in which it may be practiced, the following specific examples are given. It is to be appreciated that these examples are intended to be exemplary of the present invention and are not to be taken as limitations thereof. In these examples, unless otherwise indicated, temperatures are in degrees centigrade and quantities are in percents by weight. Additionally, the flame retardancies reported were determined in accordance with the procedure of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, Test AATCC Base 34-1952.
EXAMPLE 1 An aqueous polymerizable impregnating solution was prepared containing the following components in the amounts indicated.
Component: Percent by weight Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride (80% aqueous solution) 27.3 Trimethylolmelamine 7.3 Urea 4.5
Triethanolamine 4.2 Polyethylene softener 3.0 Water 53.7
5 ounce cotton sheeting was padded through the above bath and a wet pick-up of 95% was obtained. The thusimpregnated cloth was then dried for 1.1 minutes at 93 centigrade. Thereafter, samples of the cloth were cured for 1.5 minutes at different temperatures and some of the heat cured samples were given an ammonia cure, using the following aqueous ammonia solution.
Component: Percent by weight (NH 80 7 Soda ash 3 Water 90 The treated samples were then subjected to the standard char test, both initially and after 15 boil cycles. Using these procedures, the results obtained were as follows:
Char length, in inches Sample Heat Cure Ammonia Initial After 15 boil cycles 1.5 min. at, 138 0. Yes 3.0 5. 1.5 min. at l38 No 3.3 1.5 min. at 149 0 Yes 3. 6 3. 1.5 min. at 149 C No r- 3. 3 1.5 min. at 160 0 Yes 3.8 4.9 1.5 min. at 160 o No 5.0 2 7. 5
1 Burns 2 Fails EXAMPLE 2 Component: Percent by Weight Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl)phosphonium c h l oride (80% aqueous solution) 30.0 Trimethylolmelamine 6.0 Triethanolamine 2.4 Thiourea 5.0
Water 56.6
After padding through this bath to a wet pick-up of 95%, the cotton sheeting was dried for 4 minutes at 93 centigrade. Thereafter, it was padded through a 10% aqueous ammonia solution, dried and subjected to the standard char test. Using this procedure, it was found that the initial char length, in inches, was 4.5 and that after 15 boil cycles the cloth burned. Additionally, it was noted that there were numerous resin spots on the fabric.
From the above examples, it is seen that the cellulosic textiles treated in accordance with the process of the present invention are durably flame-retardant. Additionally, it was found that the tear strength, tensile strength and hand of these materials were substantially unchanged and that there were no resin deposits formed on the treated fabrics.
While there have been described various embodiments of the invention, the compositions and methods described -are not intended to be understood as limiting the scope of the invention, as it is realized that changes therewithin are possible and it is further intended that each element recited in any of the following claims is to be understood as referring to all equivalent elements for accomplishing the same results in substantially the same or equivalent manner, it being intended to cover the invention broadly in whatever form its principle may be utilized.
What is claimed is:
1. A process for preparing flame-retardant cellulosic materials which comprises impregnating a cellulosic material with a polymerizable composition consisting essentially of a tetrakis (u-hydroxyorgano)phosphonium halide, a water-soluble cyclic copolymerizable nitrogencontaining compound selected from the group consisting of triazines and dimethylol cyclic alkylene ureas, a copolymerizable compound which is a carbamic acid derivative, and an acid releasing polymerization catalyst, heating the thus-impregnated material at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to partially polymerize the polymerizable composition only to the extent that it is substantially insoluble in ammonia-containing solutions, and thereafter, contacting the material containing the thus-partially polymerized composition with an ammoniacontaining solution, in an amount and for a period of time sufficient to substantially cure the composition and render it substantially water insoluble.
2. A process for preparing a flame-retardant cellulosic material which comprises impregnating the cellulosic material with a polymerizable composition consisting essentially of a water-soluble cyclic copolymerizable nitrogencontaining compound selected from the group consisting of triazines and dimethylol cyclic alkylene ureas, a copolymerizable compound selected from the group consisting of urea and thiourea, an acid releasing polymerization catalyst, and a tetrakis (a-hydroxyorgano)phosphonium halide having the formula:
wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyls having between 1 and about 6 carbon atoms, halogenated lower alkyls having between about 1 and about 6 carbon atoms, lower alkenyls having between about 1 and about 6 carbon atoms, halogenated lower alkenyls having between about 1 and about 6 can bon atoms, carbocyclic aryls having between about 5 and about 10 carbon atoms, halogenated carbocyclic aryls having between about 5 and about 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyls having between about 3 and about 6 carbon atoms, and halogenated cycloalkyls having between about 3 and about 6 carbon atoms, and X is halogen, heating the thus-impregnated material at a temperature and for a P iQd Qf time sufficient to partially polymerize the polymerizable composition only to the extent that it is substantially insoluble in ammonia-containing solutions and thereafter contacting the material containing the thus-partially polymerized composition with an ammoniacontaining solution, in an amount and for a period of time sufficient to substantially cure the composition and render it substantially water-insoluble.
3. A process for preparing a flame-retardant cellulosic textile material which comprises impregnating the cellulosic textile material with a polymerizable composition consisting essentially of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride, trimethylolmelamine, a copolymerizable compound selected from the group consisting of urea and thiourea, and an acid releasing polymerization catalyst, heating the thus-impregnated material at a temperature and for a period of time sulficient to partially polymerize the polymerizable composition only to the extent that it is substantially insoluble in ammonia-containing solutions, and thereafter, contacting the material containing the thus-partially polymerized composition with an aqueous solution containing ammonia in an amount and for a period of time suficient to substantially cure the composition and render it substantially waterinsoluble.
4. The process as claimed in claim 3 wherein the tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride is present in an amount within the range of about 10 to 40 percent by weight, the trimethylolmelamine is present in amounts within the range of about 5 to about 15 percent by weight, the copolymerizable compound selected from the group consisting of urea or thiourea is present in an amount within the range of about 1 to about 10 percent by Weight, the acid releasing polymerization catalyst is present in an amount within the range of about 1 to about 10 percent by weight, and there is present about to about percent by weight of water.
5. The process as claimed in claim 4 wherein the acid releasing polymerization catalyst is triethanolamine.
6. The process as claimed in claim 3 wherein the partial polymerization of the polymerizable impregnating composition is effected by heating the impregnated cellulosic textile material so that it is at a temperature within the range of about 65 to about centigrade for a period of time within the range of about 24 hours to about 10 seconds.
7. The process as claimed in claim 6 wherein the final cure of the partially polymerized impregnating composition in the cellulosic textile material is effected by contacting the material with an aqueous, ammonia-containing solution.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,772,188 11/1956 Reeves et al 117-136 2,809,941 10/1957 Reeves et al 117136 X 2,922,726 1/1960 Moretti et a1 117136 X 2,983,623 5/1961 Coates 117-62 3,101,279 8/1963 Wagner et al. 117137 WILLIAM D. MARTIN, Primary Examiner. T. G, DAVIS, Assistant Examiner,
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3 ,310 ,420 March 21 1967 George M. Wagner It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 3, line 27, for "triazines" read triazones line 55, for "trithanolamine" read triethanolamine line 60,' for "cTresponding" read corresponding line 63, for "a1kano-amine"'read alkanol-amine column 5, line 8, for "soltuion" read solution line 57', for "centrigrade" read centigrade column 6, line 51, for "cointaining" read containing column 7, line 68, after "EXAMPLE 2" insert The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using the following impregnating bath:
Signed and sealed this 17th day of December 1968.
(SEAL) Attest:
EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS FOR PREPARING FLAME-RETARDANT CELLULOSIC MATERIALS WHICH COMPRISES IMPREGNATING A CELLULOSIC MATERIAL WITH A POLYMERIZABLE COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A TETRAKIS (A-HYDROXYORGANO) PHOSPHONIUM HALIDE, A WATER-SOLUBLE CYCLIC COPOLYMERIZABLE NITROGENCONTAINING COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF TRIAZINES AND DIMETHYOL CYCLIC ALKYLENE UREAS, A COPOLYMERIZABLE COMPOUND WHICH IS A CARBAMIC ACID DERIVATIVE, AND AN ACID RELEASING POLYMERIZATION CATALYST, HEATING THE THUS-IMPREGNATED MATERIAL AT A TEMPERATURE AND FOR A PERIOD OF TIME SUFFICIENT TO PARTIALLY POLYMERIZE THE POLYMERIZABLE COMPOSITION ONLY TO THE EXTENT THAT IT IS SUBSTANTIALLY INSOLUBLE IN AMMONIA-CONTAINING SOLUTIONS, AND THEREAFTER, CONTACTING THE MATERIAL CONTAINING THE THUS-PARTIALLY POLYMERIZED COMPOSITION WITH AN AMMONIACONTAINING SOLUTION, IN AN AMOUNT FOR A PERIOD OF TIME SUFFICIENT TO SUBSTANTIALLY CURE THE COMPOSITION AND RENDER IT SUBSTANTIALLY WATER INSOLUBLE.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US493253A US3310420A (en) | 1965-10-05 | 1965-10-05 | Process for flameproofing cellulosic textile material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US493253A US3310420A (en) | 1965-10-05 | 1965-10-05 | Process for flameproofing cellulosic textile material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3310420A true US3310420A (en) | 1967-03-21 |
Family
ID=23959494
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US493253A Expired - Lifetime US3310420A (en) | 1965-10-05 | 1965-10-05 | Process for flameproofing cellulosic textile material |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3310420A (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3642525A (en) * | 1968-08-08 | 1972-02-15 | Ventron Instr Corp | Fire-resistant fibers and fabric |
US3754982A (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1973-08-28 | Ventron Instr Corp | Fireproofing composition for cellulosic materials |
US3901985A (en) * | 1971-09-10 | 1975-08-26 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Process for the manufacture of condensation products containing phosphorus, the products and their use as flameproofing agents |
US4154878A (en) * | 1977-09-23 | 1979-05-15 | Cotton Incorporated | No-dry process of applying phosphonium salt precondensates to textiles |
US4154890A (en) * | 1972-04-17 | 1979-05-15 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. | Process for imparting flame retardant property to cellulosic containing materials |
US4170670A (en) * | 1975-03-05 | 1979-10-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Formulations for imparting flame retardance to cellulosic fabrics via transfer techniques |
US4194032A (en) * | 1975-03-05 | 1980-03-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Transfer techniques for producing flame retardant cotton fabrics |
US4246031A (en) * | 1978-10-11 | 1981-01-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Prepolymer preparation and polymerization of flame retardant chemicals from THP-salts |
US20080118870A1 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2008-05-22 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Sulfur Atom-Containing Anti-Reflective Coating Forming Composition For Lithography |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2772188A (en) * | 1953-11-18 | 1956-11-27 | Wilson A Reeves | Ammonia insolubilized methylol-phosphorus polymers and cellulosic materials impregnated therewith |
US2809941A (en) * | 1952-04-22 | 1957-10-15 | Wilson A Reeves | Producing phosphorus containing amino resins and flameproofing organic textiles |
US2922726A (en) * | 1955-03-18 | 1960-01-26 | American Cyanamid Co | Flame-proofing nylon with thiourea containing resin |
US2983623A (en) * | 1959-10-05 | 1961-05-09 | Albright & Wilson | Flame proofing agents derived from methylol phosphorus polymers |
US3101279A (en) * | 1960-11-21 | 1963-08-20 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Flame proofing of cellulosic materials |
-
1965
- 1965-10-05 US US493253A patent/US3310420A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2809941A (en) * | 1952-04-22 | 1957-10-15 | Wilson A Reeves | Producing phosphorus containing amino resins and flameproofing organic textiles |
US2772188A (en) * | 1953-11-18 | 1956-11-27 | Wilson A Reeves | Ammonia insolubilized methylol-phosphorus polymers and cellulosic materials impregnated therewith |
US2922726A (en) * | 1955-03-18 | 1960-01-26 | American Cyanamid Co | Flame-proofing nylon with thiourea containing resin |
US2983623A (en) * | 1959-10-05 | 1961-05-09 | Albright & Wilson | Flame proofing agents derived from methylol phosphorus polymers |
US3101279A (en) * | 1960-11-21 | 1963-08-20 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Flame proofing of cellulosic materials |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3642525A (en) * | 1968-08-08 | 1972-02-15 | Ventron Instr Corp | Fire-resistant fibers and fabric |
US3754982A (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1973-08-28 | Ventron Instr Corp | Fireproofing composition for cellulosic materials |
US3901985A (en) * | 1971-09-10 | 1975-08-26 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Process for the manufacture of condensation products containing phosphorus, the products and their use as flameproofing agents |
US4154890A (en) * | 1972-04-17 | 1979-05-15 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. | Process for imparting flame retardant property to cellulosic containing materials |
US4170670A (en) * | 1975-03-05 | 1979-10-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Formulations for imparting flame retardance to cellulosic fabrics via transfer techniques |
US4194032A (en) * | 1975-03-05 | 1980-03-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Transfer techniques for producing flame retardant cotton fabrics |
US4154878A (en) * | 1977-09-23 | 1979-05-15 | Cotton Incorporated | No-dry process of applying phosphonium salt precondensates to textiles |
US4246031A (en) * | 1978-10-11 | 1981-01-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Prepolymer preparation and polymerization of flame retardant chemicals from THP-salts |
US20080118870A1 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2008-05-22 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Sulfur Atom-Containing Anti-Reflective Coating Forming Composition For Lithography |
US7795369B2 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2010-09-14 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Sulfur atom-containing anti-reflective coating forming composition for lithography |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3096201A (en) | Insolubilisation of further-polymerisable methylol-phosphorus polymeric materials | |
US3841832A (en) | Process for treating cellulosic material with formaldehyde in liquid phase and sulfur dioxide | |
US3784356A (en) | Cellulosic flame retardant system | |
US3897584A (en) | Rendering fibrous material flame retardant with cyan amide/halomethyl phosphonic acid systems | |
US3310419A (en) | Process for treating cellulosic material with flameproofing composition | |
US3310420A (en) | Process for flameproofing cellulosic textile material | |
CA1061961A (en) | Durable press process | |
US4154890A (en) | Process for imparting flame retardant property to cellulosic containing materials | |
US2898238A (en) | Process for treating textiles with ethylene urea-formaldehyde reaction products | |
US3101278A (en) | Flame proofing of cellulosic materials | |
US2828228A (en) | Textile fire retardant treatment | |
US3811131A (en) | Durable press process for treating cellulosic material with methylolamides and acetic acid or formic acid vapors | |
USRE30860E (en) | Process for treating cellulosic material with formaldehyde in liquid phase and sulfur dioxide | |
US3799738A (en) | Flame retardant process for cellulosics | |
US3653805A (en) | Delayed cure process using formaldehyde vapor to cause creaseproofing | |
US3079279A (en) | Blends of imidazolidinones and aminoplasts and method for finishing cellulose containing textile material | |
US3510247A (en) | Modification of cellulosic materials with tertiary bis-acrylamides | |
US3428480A (en) | Flame-retardant cellulosic material,composition and method for making same | |
US3181927A (en) | Process of wet and dry wrinkleproofing cellulose fabric with an aminoplast resin and zinc chloride | |
Lewin et al. | The role of liquid ammonia in functional textile finishes | |
US3247016A (en) | Flameproofing of textile materials | |
US3837799A (en) | Process for creaseproofing cellulosic fiber-containing fabric using formaldehyde vapor and a solid and a solid catalyst | |
US3676053A (en) | Method of modifying fibrous materials | |
US3219478A (en) | Flameproofing of cellulosic material | |
US3101279A (en) | Flame proofing of cellulosic materials |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:HOOKER CHEMICALS & PLASTICS CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004109/0487 Effective date: 19820330 |