US3837208A - Method and apparatus for blind riveting - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for blind riveting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3837208A US3837208A US00332126A US33212673A US3837208A US 3837208 A US3837208 A US 3837208A US 00332126 A US00332126 A US 00332126A US 33212673 A US33212673 A US 33212673A US 3837208 A US3837208 A US 3837208A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- head
- rivet
- shank
- preformed
- blind
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
- B21J15/04—Riveting hollow rivets mechanically
- B21J15/043—Riveting hollow rivets mechanically by pulling a mandrel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49915—Overedge assembling of seated part
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A tubular rivet having a preformed head and a shank which extends through aligned apertures of workpiece members is set by expanding the end of the shank remote from the head to form a blind head by pulling the head of a mandrel into the bore of the shank. Then the shank together with the blind head and a central portion of the preformed head is moved in a direction towards the preformed head while restraining movement of the periphery of the preformed head, thereby deforming the preformed head and decreasing the distance between the preformed head and the blind head.
- An anvil for a rivet setting tool has an annular abutment for engaging the periphery of the preformed head of the rivet and a recess into which the central portion of the preformed head can enter when it is deformed.
- SHEET S DF 5 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR BLIND RIVETING This invention relates to riveting and more particularly to a method and apparatus suitable for blind riveting which enable workpiece members which are spaced apart to be drawn closely together during the operation of riveting them together.
- a method of riveting for fastening together apertured members by means of a tubular rivet having a shank and a preformed head at one end of the shank, using a mandrel having an enlarged head for setting the rivet which method comprises inserting the rivet shank through aligned apertures in members to be fastened together, pulling the mandrel head into the bore of the rivet shank to form a blind head at the end thereof remote from the preformed head and then deforming the preformed head of the rivet so as to draw the workpiece members relatively towards each other without axially contracting the rivet shank.
- the mandrel head may be pulled further into the bore of the rivet shank to cause axial contraction of the rivet shank.
- a method of riveting apertured workpieces together by means of a tubular rivet having a shank and a preformed head at one end of the shank comprising inserting the rivet shank through aligned apertures of the workpiece members to be fastened together, deforming the rivet shank to produce a blind head at the end of the shank remote from the preformed head and then deforming the preformed head of the rivet towards the blind head so as to force the members of the workpiece together.
- apparatus for use in setting a tubular blind rivet having a shank and a head
- apparatus comprises an anvil having a recess which, in use of the anvil, is adapted to overlie the central portion (as hereinafter defined) of a rivet head in spaced relation thereto, and an abutment peripherally of the recess adapted initially to engage the rivet head peripherally of the central portion thereof, whereby the rivet head can be deformed to cause part of the central portion thereof to enter the recess.
- central portion used herein in relation to a rivet head means a portion of the rivet head which is axially aligned with the shank of the rivet and of which the diameter is less than the diameter of the rivet head and greater than the diameter of the shank of the rivet at the point where the shank joins the head.
- the anvil may be constructed as two cooperating semiannular portions and these portions may be constructed to operate as jaws of a repetition riveting tool of the kind in which a plurality of rivets are carried on a mandrel and are fed in succession past a pair ofjaws towards the head of the mandrel and in which the jaws then close behind the leading rivet to form an abutment for the rivet which takes up the reaction of forces produced on drawing the head of the mandrel into the bore of the rivet.
- FIG. 1 is an elevation of a tubular blind rivet which is particularly suitable for riveting by the method of the invention
- FIG. 2 is an elevation of one of a pair of cooperating jaws of riveting apparatus embodying the invention
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional elevation through a pair of the jaws shown in FIG. 2;
- FIGS. 4 to 8 illustrate successive stages in the setting of the rivet of FIG. 1 by the method according to the invention and using an anvil according to the invention
- FIGS. 9 to 13 illustrate, for comparison with FIGS. 4 to 8, the setting of the rivet of FIG. 1 in a conventional manner using a conventional anvil.
- a tubular blind rivet 10 comprises a shank 11 with a radially enlarged preformed head 12 at one end (the head end). A portion of the shank adjacent the other end thereof (the tail end) is of increased external diameter providing a tail portion 13. A portion of the shank adjacent the head increases in external diameter to the point at which it meets the head, providing a conical portion 14.
- the shank has a cylindrical intermediate portion 15 between the conical'portion and the tail portion 13.
- the rivet has a bore 16 which extends throughout the length of the rivet, passing axially through the head and shank. In the region of the tail portion 23 and the intermediate portion 15, the bore is of substantially constant diameter so that the intermediate portion has a constant wall thickness. In the region of the conical portion 14 however, the diameter of the bore increases towards the head so that the bore flares. The angle at which the bore flares is such that the wall thickness of the conical portion is the same as that of the intermediate portion of the shank.
- the upper surface 17 of the head 12 (that is, the surface remote from the shank 11) is convexly curved.
- the underside 18 of the head of the rivet (that is the side towards the shank 11) is formed with an annular flat face 19 which lies in a plane at right angles to the shank and which extends radially inwardly from the peripheral edge 20 of the head, to an annular recess 22 between the shank and the flat face 19.
- annular anvil 30 according to the invention (FIG. 3) for a repetition riveting tool comprises a pair of identical semi-annular jaws 32, 34 which cooperate together.
- each jaw is elongate and of generally semi-cylindrical shape, having at one end an outwardly projecting flange 36 and, spaced therefrom towards the other end, external rib 38.
- the flange 36 and rib 38 are provided to enable the jaws to be located in and operated by the power unit (not shown) of a conventional repetition riveting tool.
- Each jaw has a radially inwardly projecting flange 40 at the end 42 remote from the flange 36.
- the faces defined by the ends 42 of two of the jaws in co-operation form an annular anvil face for abutting the upper surface 17 of the head of a tubular rivet during a rivet setting operation.
- a central aperture 44 in the anvil face allows the stem of a mandrel used for setting rivets to extend between the jaws.
- the anvil face comprises an annular abutment surface 46, and, between the abutment surface 46 and the central aperture 44, a concavely dished surface 48 which, together with the central aperture, defines a recess centrally of the annular abutment surface 46.
- the dimensions of the anvil face are such that the abutment surface 46 can abut the periphery of the head of a tubular rivet axially aligned with the anvil, the concavely dished face overlying the central portion of the rivet head and, in the case of an unplaced rivet, being spaced therefrom since the radius of curvature of the dished face is smaller than the radius of curvature of the upper surface of the rivet head.
- the relevant dimensions (in inches) of the anvil face are as follows:
- two apertured sheet members 50, 52 which are to be fastened together constitute a workpiece.
- the total thickness of the sheets 50, 52 is less than the maximum thickness of workpiece in which the rivet 10 can be used successfully, this condition being indicated in the drawings by the fact that the member 52 is thinner than the member 50.
- the members 50, 52 which are to be fastened together are initially spaced apart (FIGS. 4 and 9) and in fastening them together, it is desired to draw them closely together.
- the members 50, 52 are assembled with their apertures aligned and the rivet 10 is positioned with its shank 11 extending through the aligned apertures, the tail portion 13 projecting from one side of the assembled members and the head 12 abutting the other side of the assembled members.
- the rivet 10 is positioned with its shank 11 extending through the aligned apertures, the tail portion 13 projecting from one side of the assembled members and the head 12 abutting the other side of the assembled members.
- the pair of jaws 32, 34 constituting an annular anvil according to the invention of a riveting tool are shown disposed in engagement with the upper surface 17 of the rivet head and it will be seen that the concave dished surface overlies, and is spaced from, the central portion of the rivet head over an area of larger diameter than the maximum diameter of the conical portion of the shank, the upper surface 17 of the head being engaged by a region of the anvil at the intersection of the concavely dished surface and the annular abutment surface at a position radially outwardly of the central portion of the rivet head.
- FIG. 9 an exactly similar arrangement to that of FIG. 4 is shown except that a conventional annular anvil having a flat anvil face with no recessed or concavely dished surface, engages the upper surface 17 of the rivet head in the central portion thereof which overlies the conical portion of the shank.
- a mandrel 60 having a stem 62 and an enlarged head 64 at one end of the stem and forming part ofa riveting tool extends through the central aperture of the conventional annular anvil and through the bore of the rivet, the head of the mandrel projecting beyond the tail end of the rivet.
- FIGS. 5 to 8 and 10 to 13 illustrate the performance of the rivet 10 as the mandrel is drawn progressively into the bore of the rivet from the tail end thereof.
- the head of the mandrel has begun to enter the tail portion of the rivet expanding it radially outwardly to form a blind head which engages with the sheet 52 on the side thereof remote from the sheet 50 (the blind side).
- the deformation of the rivet head to the shape shown in FIG. 6 has caused a reduction in the distance separating the members 50 52 before the mandrel has begun to expand the intermediate portion of the shank to cause it to contract axially.
- continued movement of the mandrel causes the mandrel head to begin again to pass through the bore of the rivet as shown in FIG. 7 so that the resulting radial expansion of the intermediate portion of the shank causes the shank to contract axially and thus to reduce still further the distance separating the members 50, 52 until, as shown in FIG. 8, the rivet shank has been expanded throughout its length and is fully axially contracted.
- the recess may be stepped inwardly from the abutment surface of the anvil faces.
- a method of blind riveting for fastening and drawing spaced apertured workpiece members tightly together by means of a tubular rivet having a shank and a preformed head at one end of the shank comprises inserting the rivet shank through aligned apertures of the workpiece members to be fastened together so that the preformed head abuts one of the workpiece members, deforming the rivet shank to produce a blind head at the end of the shank remote from the preformed head and then deforming the preformed head of the rivet so as to move a peripheral portion thereof relative to a central portion of the preformed head in a direction towards the blind head and thereby forcing the members of the workpiece together.
- blind head is formed by pulling a mandrel into the bore of the rivet and the preformed head of the rivet is then deformed by engaging a peripheral portion of the preformed head with an abutment relative to which the mandrel is movable, and then moving the mandrel relatively towards the abutment so as to move the shank with the blind head and the central portion of the preformed head in a direction towards the abutment.
- the abutment is part of an anvil adapted to engage a peripheral portion of the preformed head and having a recess adapted to overlie a central portion of the preformed rivet head in spaced relationship thereto, the abutment being arranged to engage the preformed head at a position such that the force required to deform the rivet head is greater than that required to cause the mandrel to deform the shank to form a blind head.
- a method of riveting and drawing together apertured workpieces by means of a tubular rivet having a shank and a preformed head at one end of the shank comprises inserting the rivet shank through aligned apertures in workpiece members to be fastened together, deforming the rivet shank to produce a blind head at the end of the shank remote from the preformed head, and then deforming the preformed head so as to reduce the distance between a peripheral portion of the preformed head and the blind head.
- preformed head is deformed by moving the shank together with the blind head and a central portion of the preformed head relatively towards the preformed head while maintaining the peripheral portion of the preformed head in relatively the same position.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB682372A GB1427511A (en) | 1972-02-14 | 1972-02-14 | Method and apparatus for blind riveting |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3837208A true US3837208A (en) | 1974-09-24 |
Family
ID=9821415
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00332126A Expired - Lifetime US3837208A (en) | 1972-02-14 | 1973-02-13 | Method and apparatus for blind riveting |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3837208A (de) |
JP (1) | JPS4892755A (de) |
BR (1) | BR7301069D0 (de) |
DE (1) | DE2306693A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES411587A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2172150B1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1427511A (de) |
IT (1) | IT977260B (de) |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4386515A (en) * | 1981-12-30 | 1983-06-07 | Usm Corporation | Setting tool for blind fasteners |
EP0216405B1 (de) * | 1985-09-18 | 1989-11-08 | ATELIERS DE LA HAUTE-GARONNE - ETABLISSEMENTS AURIOL & Cie S.a.R.L. | Niet, insbesondere für Schichtmaterialien |
US20040022597A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2004-02-05 | Jones Steven V. | Blind rivet |
US20050002750A1 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2005-01-06 | Titus International Plc | Fastening devices |
US20050281633A1 (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2005-12-22 | Huck International, Inc. | Two-piece, corrosion-resistant, locking blind fastener |
US20090035089A1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-02-05 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet |
US20090031549A1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-02-05 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet |
US20100000280A1 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2010-01-07 | Leonard Frederick Reid | Expandable member with wave inhibitor and methods of using the same |
US20100199732A1 (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2010-08-12 | Rahamim Komemi | Device and method for removing a pin stopper from a chamber in a lock housing |
US20120079708A1 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-05 | Newfrey Llc | Blind Rivet and Fastening Method Thereof |
US8568034B2 (en) | 2006-01-11 | 2013-10-29 | Fatigue Technology, Inc. | Bushing kits, bearings, and methods of installation |
US8636455B2 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2014-01-28 | Fatigue Technoloy, Inc. | Installable assembly having an expandable outer member and a fastener with a mandrel |
US8647035B2 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2014-02-11 | Fatigue Technology, Inc. | Modular nut plate assemblies and methods of using the same |
US20140133937A1 (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2014-05-15 | Infastech Intellectual Properties Pte. Ltd. | Splined fastener |
US8763229B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2014-07-01 | Fatigue Technology, Inc. | Expandable crack inhibitor method |
US8938886B2 (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2015-01-27 | Fatigue Technology, Inc. | Smart installation/processing systems, components, and methods of operating the same |
US9114449B2 (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2015-08-25 | Fatigue Technology, Inc. | Modular nut plates with closed nut assemblies |
US9334893B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 | 2016-05-10 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet and fastening arrangement with a blind rivet |
US9388843B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2016-07-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fastener receptacle and vehicle part |
US20210198943A1 (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-07-01 | Werner Co. | Box Rail Backup and Method |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS51104268U (de) * | 1975-02-19 | 1976-08-20 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB531124A (en) * | 1939-07-12 | 1940-12-30 | Jacques Francois Gabriel Chobe | Improvements in tubular rivets |
GB860123A (en) * | 1956-03-06 | 1961-02-01 | Aviat Developments Ltd | Improvements in or relating to tubular rivets |
US3187546A (en) * | 1963-10-18 | 1965-06-08 | Textron Ind Inc | Pulling head for installing fasteners with stems and locking the stem therein |
GB1183049A (en) * | 1966-09-16 | 1970-03-04 | Avdel Ltd | Riveting Apparatus |
US3657957A (en) * | 1969-11-24 | 1972-04-25 | Olympic Screw & Rivet Corp | Rivet |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2466811A (en) * | 1945-04-30 | 1949-04-12 | Huck Mfg Co | Method of riveting |
GB930639A (en) * | 1960-01-12 | 1963-07-03 | Townsend Company | Improvements in or relating to method of riveting |
-
1972
- 1972-02-14 GB GB682372A patent/GB1427511A/en not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-02-08 IT IT48138/73A patent/IT977260B/it active
- 1973-02-09 JP JP48015764A patent/JPS4892755A/ja active Pending
- 1973-02-10 DE DE2306693A patent/DE2306693A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1973-02-12 FR FR7304894A patent/FR2172150B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-02-13 US US00332126A patent/US3837208A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-02-13 BR BR731069A patent/BR7301069D0/pt unknown
- 1973-02-14 ES ES411587A patent/ES411587A1/es not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB531124A (en) * | 1939-07-12 | 1940-12-30 | Jacques Francois Gabriel Chobe | Improvements in tubular rivets |
GB860123A (en) * | 1956-03-06 | 1961-02-01 | Aviat Developments Ltd | Improvements in or relating to tubular rivets |
US3187546A (en) * | 1963-10-18 | 1965-06-08 | Textron Ind Inc | Pulling head for installing fasteners with stems and locking the stem therein |
GB1183049A (en) * | 1966-09-16 | 1970-03-04 | Avdel Ltd | Riveting Apparatus |
US3657957A (en) * | 1969-11-24 | 1972-04-25 | Olympic Screw & Rivet Corp | Rivet |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
A.P.C., S.N. 190868, J.F.G. Chobert, published June 15, 1943. * |
A.P.C., S.N. 286712, J.F.G. Chobert, published June 8, 1943. * |
Cited By (38)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4386515A (en) * | 1981-12-30 | 1983-06-07 | Usm Corporation | Setting tool for blind fasteners |
EP0216405B1 (de) * | 1985-09-18 | 1989-11-08 | ATELIERS DE LA HAUTE-GARONNE - ETABLISSEMENTS AURIOL & Cie S.a.R.L. | Niet, insbesondere für Schichtmaterialien |
US5359765A (en) * | 1985-09-18 | 1994-11-01 | Ste Ateliers De La Haute-Garonne-Ets Auriol Et Cie | Rivet for composite material and composite material assembly process |
US7083370B2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2006-08-01 | Titus International Plc | Fastening devices |
US20050002750A1 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2005-01-06 | Titus International Plc | Fastening devices |
US20040022597A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2004-02-05 | Jones Steven V. | Blind rivet |
US20070110540A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2007-05-17 | Jones Steven V | Blind rivet method |
US8328483B2 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2012-12-11 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet |
US7937821B2 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2011-05-10 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet method |
US7650681B2 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2010-01-26 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet method |
US20100139076A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2010-06-10 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet method |
US20050281633A1 (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2005-12-22 | Huck International, Inc. | Two-piece, corrosion-resistant, locking blind fastener |
US8568034B2 (en) | 2006-01-11 | 2013-10-29 | Fatigue Technology, Inc. | Bushing kits, bearings, and methods of installation |
US8096742B2 (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2012-01-17 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet |
US20090031549A1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-02-05 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet |
JP2010535988A (ja) * | 2007-08-03 | 2010-11-25 | ニューフレイ リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | ブラインドリベット |
US20110027042A1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2011-02-03 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet |
US7824141B2 (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2010-11-02 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet |
US20090035089A1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-02-05 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet |
US8366363B2 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2013-02-05 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet |
US10010983B2 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2018-07-03 | Fatigue Technology, Inc. | Expandable member with wave inhibitor and methods of using the same |
US20100000280A1 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2010-01-07 | Leonard Frederick Reid | Expandable member with wave inhibitor and methods of using the same |
US20100199732A1 (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2010-08-12 | Rahamim Komemi | Device and method for removing a pin stopper from a chamber in a lock housing |
US8636455B2 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2014-01-28 | Fatigue Technoloy, Inc. | Installable assembly having an expandable outer member and a fastener with a mandrel |
US8647035B2 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2014-02-11 | Fatigue Technology, Inc. | Modular nut plate assemblies and methods of using the same |
US9334893B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 | 2016-05-10 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet and fastening arrangement with a blind rivet |
US20120079708A1 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-05 | Newfrey Llc | Blind Rivet and Fastening Method Thereof |
US9217454B2 (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2015-12-22 | Infastech Intellectual Properties Pte. Ltd. | Splined fastener |
US20140133937A1 (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2014-05-15 | Infastech Intellectual Properties Pte. Ltd. | Splined fastener |
US8763229B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2014-07-01 | Fatigue Technology, Inc. | Expandable crack inhibitor method |
US9114449B2 (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2015-08-25 | Fatigue Technology, Inc. | Modular nut plates with closed nut assemblies |
US8938886B2 (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2015-01-27 | Fatigue Technology, Inc. | Smart installation/processing systems, components, and methods of operating the same |
US10130985B2 (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2018-11-20 | Fatigue Technology, Inc. | Smart installation/processing systems, components, and methods of operating the same |
US10843250B2 (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2020-11-24 | Fatigue Technology, Inc. | Smart installation/processing systems, components, and methods of operating the same |
US9388843B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2016-07-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fastener receptacle and vehicle part |
US20210198943A1 (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-07-01 | Werner Co. | Box Rail Backup and Method |
US11866995B2 (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2024-01-09 | Werner Co. | Ladder with box rails having a collar |
US11885181B2 (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2024-01-30 | Werner Co. | Box rail backup and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR7301069D0 (pt) | 1973-12-06 |
JPS4892755A (de) | 1973-12-01 |
ES411587A1 (es) | 1976-01-01 |
IT977260B (it) | 1974-09-10 |
DE2306693A1 (de) | 1973-08-30 |
GB1427511A (en) | 1976-03-10 |
FR2172150B1 (de) | 1979-01-12 |
FR2172150A1 (de) | 1973-09-28 |
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