US3836805A - Rotating anode x-ray tube - Google Patents

Rotating anode x-ray tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US3836805A
US3836805A US00362423A US36242373A US3836805A US 3836805 A US3836805 A US 3836805A US 00362423 A US00362423 A US 00362423A US 36242373 A US36242373 A US 36242373A US 3836805 A US3836805 A US 3836805A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
anode
ray tube
focal spot
slide
envelope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00362423A
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English (en)
Inventor
P Kok
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philips North America LLC
US Philips Corp
Original Assignee
US Philips Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Priority to US00362423A priority Critical patent/US3836805A/en
Priority to DE2422166A priority patent/DE2422166C3/de
Priority to GB2199874A priority patent/GB1467032A/en
Priority to FR7417608A priority patent/FR2231105B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3836805A publication Critical patent/US3836805A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/24—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof
    • H01J35/28—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof by vibration, oscillation, reciprocation, or swash-plate motion of the anode or anticathode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/24—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof

Definitions

  • 313/60, 313/330 lindrieal ano which is axially moveable relative to [51] Int. Cl. H01j 35/10 th ath d s that the fo al spot traverses a spiral [5 8] Field of Search 313/60 path as h anode rotat s and moves axially The axial displacement of the anode can be controlled by the [56] References Cited temperature of the focal spot, ie by measuring the UNITED STATES PATENTS light emitted from the focal spot area.
  • the invention relates to a rotating anode x-ray tube in which the anode is axially displaceable to thereby increase the loadability of the focal spot by increasing the cooling surface.
  • the invention relates to a rotary anode x-ray tube employing a generally cylindrical, preferrably cup-shaped anode which is axially displaceable during exposure which increases the cooling surface because the focal track becomes a spiral on a cylindrical drum.
  • the axial displacement can be controlled by the temperature of the focal spot, for instance by measuring the light emitted from the focal spot area on the inside of the cup.
  • the light emitted from the inside of the cup may be detected and converted into an electrical signal which may be amplified and used to drive the motor which controls the axial movement of the anode.
  • the x-ray tube as shown in drawing includes a generally cylindrical evacuated envelope 1 having an end portion with a metal wall 2 sealed to the remainder of the envelope by a metal-to-glass seal 3 and provided with an x-ray permeable window 4 through which xrays generated within the tube are transmitted.
  • cupshaped anode 5 Mounted for rotation within the envelope is a cupshaped anode 5 having a generally cylindrical outer surface.
  • a cathode cup 6 is positioned opposite the outer cylindrical surface of the cup-shaped anode and is energized by a filament 7 to produce a beam of electrons which impinges on the anode surface and forms a'focal spot 7 visible through the window 4.
  • Anode 5 is secured to a shaft 8 which is connected to a rotor 9 driven by a stator 10 mounted externally of the envelope.
  • Rotor 9 is mounted for rotation on an axial slide 11 by radial bearings 12.
  • Axial slide 11 in turn is mounted on a stationary shaft 13 for axial movement by axial bearings 14 and is moved by a rack 15 which forms part of the inner surface ofthe slide and a pinion l6 driven by an axial drive rotor 17.
  • the stationary shaft 13 is sealed in the end of the envelope so that the envelope may be evacuated.
  • the anode 5 is driven by rotor 9 and presents a continually fresh surface to the impinging beam thus minimizing local heating where the electron beam impinges and forms the focal spot.
  • the temperature of path described by the focal spot increases-with each revolution thus limiting the loading of the anode.
  • the anode In order to increase the loading, the anode is moved axially by driving the axial slide 9. This causes the focal spot to describe a spiral on the outer surface of the anode which increases the path length and thus reduces the anode temperature rise due to thermal lag.
  • the metal end cap 2 is provided with a small window 20 through which the inner surface of the cup-shaped anode can be viewed by a light detector 18 which produces an electrical signal 19 proportional to the intensity of the light emitted by the focal spot 7.
  • This signal is amplified by amplifier 19 and is used to control the axial drive motor 17.
  • the proposed construction provides a metal shield around the anode and the x-ray window is not in the path of an anode part driven by a centrifugal force outside the shield.
  • An x-ray tube comprising an evacuated envelope, a generally cylindrical anode rotatable about a given axis within said envelope and moveable longitudinally therealong, a cathode for producing an electron beam which impinges on the surface of said anode forming a focal spot thereon where x-ray are generated which emerge from said envelope through an x-ray permeable window therein, means for rotating said anode and means for moving said anode longitudinally along said axis in response to the temperature at the focal spot to thereby present a fresh surface of the anode to the electron beam for producing the focal spot.
  • An x-ray tube as claimed in claim 1 in which the focal spot moves in a spiral path in response to movement of the anode.
  • An x-ray tube as claimed in claim 1 in which the anode is cup-shaped and the cathode faces the outer surface of the cup.
  • An x-ray tube as claimed in claim 3 in which the anode is connected to a rotor which rotates about an axially moveable slide.
  • An x-ray tube as claimed in claim 4 in which the slide is moved by an axial drive mechanism which is actuated by means responsive to the focal spot temperature.
  • An x-ray tube as claimed in claim 5 in which the slide is coupled to the axial drive mechanism through a rack and pinion, the pinion being fixed by positioned and the rack being mounted on said slide.
  • An x-ray tube as claimed in claim 8 in which the slide and rotor are mounted on said shaft by bearing means.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US00362423A 1973-05-21 1973-05-21 Rotating anode x-ray tube Expired - Lifetime US3836805A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00362423A US3836805A (en) 1973-05-21 1973-05-21 Rotating anode x-ray tube
DE2422166A DE2422166C3 (de) 1973-05-21 1974-05-08 Röntgenröhre mit Drehanode
GB2199874A GB1467032A (en) 1973-05-21 1974-05-17 Rotating anode x-ray tube apparatus
FR7417608A FR2231105B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-05-21 1974-05-21

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00362423A US3836805A (en) 1973-05-21 1973-05-21 Rotating anode x-ray tube

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3836805A true US3836805A (en) 1974-09-17

Family

ID=23426065

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00362423A Expired - Lifetime US3836805A (en) 1973-05-21 1973-05-21 Rotating anode x-ray tube

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3836805A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2422166C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2231105B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1467032A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3942059A (en) * 1973-06-29 1976-03-02 Compagnie Generale De Radiologie High power X-ray tube
US4107563A (en) * 1976-04-28 1978-08-15 Emi Limited X-ray generating tubes
US4162420A (en) * 1978-06-05 1979-07-24 Grady John K X-ray tube having rotatable and reciprocable anode
EP0030453A1 (en) * 1979-12-05 1981-06-17 Pfizer Inc. Rotating anode-type X-ray tube and method of generating an X-ray beam
US4399551A (en) * 1980-09-29 1983-08-16 Grady John K X-Ray tube having rotatable transversely oscillatory anode
US4417171A (en) * 1980-11-14 1983-11-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotary anode x-ray tube
US4523327A (en) * 1983-01-05 1985-06-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Multi-color X-ray line source
US4675891A (en) * 1984-06-29 1987-06-23 Thomson-Cgr X-ray apparatus with focus position control
FR2653933A1 (fr) * 1989-10-31 1991-05-03 Gen Electric Procede et dispositif pour la detection optique des dimensions du point de l'anode d'un tube de rayons-x.
FR2717619A1 (fr) * 1994-03-18 1995-09-22 Ge Medical Syst Sa Tube à rayons X à spectre de raies d'intensité relative variable.
US5592525A (en) * 1994-11-30 1997-01-07 General Electric Company Method for making a rotating anode with an integral shaft
US6154521A (en) * 1998-10-26 2000-11-28 Picker International, Inc. Gyrating anode x-ray tube
US20060182223A1 (en) * 2003-07-18 2006-08-17 Heuscher Dominic J Cylindrical x-ray tube for computed tomography imaging
US20070104319A1 (en) * 2005-09-14 2007-05-10 Noriyoshi Sakabe X-ray generating method and X-ray generating apparatus
US20080037703A1 (en) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-14 Digimd Corporation Three dimensional breast imaging
US20090074145A1 (en) * 2007-09-17 2009-03-19 General Electric Corporation High flux x-ray target and assembly
WO2009136349A2 (en) 2008-05-09 2009-11-12 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh X-Ray Examination System with Integrated Actuator Means for Performing Translational and/or Rotational Disuplacement Movements of at Least One X-Radiation Emitting Anode's Focal Spot Relative to a Stationary Reference Position and Means for Compensating Resulting Parallel and/or Angular Shifts of the Emitted X-Ray Beams
US20100232571A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2010-09-16 Koninklijke Philips Electroncs N V Dual-colour pyrometric measurement of x-ray focal spot temperature
US20100290595A1 (en) * 2009-05-18 2010-11-18 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals X-ray tube having a rotating and linearly translating anode
US7852987B2 (en) 2009-05-18 2010-12-14 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals X-ray tube having a rotating and linearly translating anode
US20110222662A1 (en) * 2008-11-25 2011-09-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. X-ray tube with target temperature sensor
DE102012203807A1 (de) * 2012-03-12 2013-09-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Röntgenröhre
WO2016010448A1 (en) 2014-07-17 2016-01-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fluid injector for x-ray tubes and method to provide a liquid anode by liquid metal injection
EP3648135A1 (en) * 2018-11-05 2020-05-06 Excillum AB Mechanical alignment of x-ray sources

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3151229A1 (de) * 1981-12-23 1983-06-30 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren und vorrichtung zur optimierung der emission einer roentgenroehre
US4685119A (en) * 1985-04-08 1987-08-04 Kms Fusion, Inc. Movable anode x-ray source with enhanced anode cooling

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2926270A (en) * 1957-12-30 1960-02-23 Gen Electric Rotating anode x-ray tube
US3398307A (en) * 1962-05-28 1968-08-20 Varian Associates Electron beam X-ray generator with rotatable target movable along axis of rotation

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2926270A (en) * 1957-12-30 1960-02-23 Gen Electric Rotating anode x-ray tube
US3398307A (en) * 1962-05-28 1968-08-20 Varian Associates Electron beam X-ray generator with rotatable target movable along axis of rotation

Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3942059A (en) * 1973-06-29 1976-03-02 Compagnie Generale De Radiologie High power X-ray tube
US4107563A (en) * 1976-04-28 1978-08-15 Emi Limited X-ray generating tubes
US4162420A (en) * 1978-06-05 1979-07-24 Grady John K X-ray tube having rotatable and reciprocable anode
FR2428322A1 (fr) * 1978-06-05 1980-01-04 Grady John Tube a rayons x
EP0030453A1 (en) * 1979-12-05 1981-06-17 Pfizer Inc. Rotating anode-type X-ray tube and method of generating an X-ray beam
US4399551A (en) * 1980-09-29 1983-08-16 Grady John K X-Ray tube having rotatable transversely oscillatory anode
US4417171A (en) * 1980-11-14 1983-11-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotary anode x-ray tube
US4523327A (en) * 1983-01-05 1985-06-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Multi-color X-ray line source
US4675891A (en) * 1984-06-29 1987-06-23 Thomson-Cgr X-ray apparatus with focus position control
FR2653933A1 (fr) * 1989-10-31 1991-05-03 Gen Electric Procede et dispositif pour la detection optique des dimensions du point de l'anode d'un tube de rayons-x.
FR2717619A1 (fr) * 1994-03-18 1995-09-22 Ge Medical Syst Sa Tube à rayons X à spectre de raies d'intensité relative variable.
US5592525A (en) * 1994-11-30 1997-01-07 General Electric Company Method for making a rotating anode with an integral shaft
US6154521A (en) * 1998-10-26 2000-11-28 Picker International, Inc. Gyrating anode x-ray tube
US20060182223A1 (en) * 2003-07-18 2006-08-17 Heuscher Dominic J Cylindrical x-ray tube for computed tomography imaging
US7305063B2 (en) 2003-07-18 2007-12-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Cylindrical x-ray tube for computed tomography imaging
US20070104319A1 (en) * 2005-09-14 2007-05-10 Noriyoshi Sakabe X-ray generating method and X-ray generating apparatus
US7394891B2 (en) * 2005-09-14 2008-07-01 Noriyoshi Sakabe And Kiwake Sakabe X-ray generating method and X-ray generating apparatus
CN100543918C (zh) * 2005-09-14 2009-09-23 坂部知平 X光生成方法和x光生成装置
US7949100B2 (en) 2006-03-29 2011-05-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dual-colour pyrometric measurement of X-ray focal spot temperature
US8184774B2 (en) 2006-03-29 2012-05-22 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dual-color pyrometric measurement of X-ray focal spot temperature
US20100232571A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2010-09-16 Koninklijke Philips Electroncs N V Dual-colour pyrometric measurement of x-ray focal spot temperature
US20110188536A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2011-08-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dual-color pyrometric measurement of x-ray focal spot temperature
US20080037703A1 (en) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-14 Digimd Corporation Three dimensional breast imaging
US20090074145A1 (en) * 2007-09-17 2009-03-19 General Electric Corporation High flux x-ray target and assembly
US7751530B2 (en) * 2007-09-17 2010-07-06 General Electric Company High flux X-ray target and assembly
WO2009136349A2 (en) 2008-05-09 2009-11-12 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh X-Ray Examination System with Integrated Actuator Means for Performing Translational and/or Rotational Disuplacement Movements of at Least One X-Radiation Emitting Anode's Focal Spot Relative to a Stationary Reference Position and Means for Compensating Resulting Parallel and/or Angular Shifts of the Emitted X-Ray Beams
WO2009136349A3 (en) * 2008-05-09 2009-12-30 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh X-ray system with efficient anode heat dissipation
CN102088909B (zh) * 2008-05-09 2014-11-26 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 具有有效阳极散热的x射线系统
US8654924B2 (en) 2008-11-25 2014-02-18 Koninklijke Philips N.V. X-ray tube with target temperature sensor
US20110222662A1 (en) * 2008-11-25 2011-09-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. X-ray tube with target temperature sensor
US8259905B2 (en) 2009-05-18 2012-09-04 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals X-ray tube having a rotating and linearly translating anode
US7852987B2 (en) 2009-05-18 2010-12-14 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals X-ray tube having a rotating and linearly translating anode
US20100290595A1 (en) * 2009-05-18 2010-11-18 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals X-ray tube having a rotating and linearly translating anode
DE102012203807A1 (de) * 2012-03-12 2013-09-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Röntgenröhre
WO2016010448A1 (en) 2014-07-17 2016-01-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fluid injector for x-ray tubes and method to provide a liquid anode by liquid metal injection
US10192711B2 (en) 2014-07-17 2019-01-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fluid injector for X-ray tubes and method to provide a liquid anode by liquid metal injection
EP3648135A1 (en) * 2018-11-05 2020-05-06 Excillum AB Mechanical alignment of x-ray sources
CN113039625A (zh) * 2018-11-05 2021-06-25 伊克斯拉姆公司 X射线源的机械对准
US11800625B2 (en) 2018-11-05 2023-10-24 Excillum Ab Mechanical alignment of x-ray sources
CN113039625B (zh) * 2018-11-05 2023-12-26 伊克斯拉姆公司 X射线源及对准x射线源的方法
US12120807B2 (en) 2018-11-05 2024-10-15 Excillium AB Mechanical alignment of x-ray sources

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2231105B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-09-15
GB1467032A (en) 1977-03-16
DE2422166A1 (de) 1974-12-12
FR2231105A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-20
DE2422166B2 (de) 1979-07-05
DE2422166C3 (de) 1980-03-20

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