US3836733A - Electro-acoustic armature transducer - Google Patents

Electro-acoustic armature transducer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3836733A
US3836733A US00308381A US30838172A US3836733A US 3836733 A US3836733 A US 3836733A US 00308381 A US00308381 A US 00308381A US 30838172 A US30838172 A US 30838172A US 3836733 A US3836733 A US 3836733A
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United States
Prior art keywords
armature
transducer
electro
lamina
acoustic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00308381A
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English (en)
Inventor
W Cragg
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STC PLC
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International Standard Electric Corp
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Assigned to STC PLC reassignment STC PLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A DE CORP.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R11/00—Transducers of moving-armature or moving-core type

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A balanced armature electro-acoustic transducer has small permanent magnets on its armature and on the pole-pieces with each armature magnets poles facing like poles on the pole-pieces. Thus equal centering forces are set up.
  • the arrangement uses rareear'th/cobalt alloys, which have a very high coercivity.
  • the present invention relatesto an elfectro-acoustic transducer of the so-calle dmoving-iron:type,i.e. to one in which. the armature which drives (in the case of a loudspeaker orxa telephone earpiece) or is drivenby (in the case of a microphone) the diaphragm is a-member of aferro-magnetic material.
  • anelectro-acoustic transducer inwhich an armature of amagnetically soft material is pivotally mounted so as to drive ,,on to be drivenby adiaphragrminwhich.
  • each said pole-piece i'sv to microphones, loudspeakers and telephone earpieces,
  • the-armature carries-amagnet at each of'its ends, each such: magnet, cooperating with two stationary magnets, as set out. above.
  • FIG. 1' shows for explanatory purposes a conventionalrocking armature transducer
  • FIG. 2 is an-explanatory-diag'ram of one embodiment of thepresent invention.
  • FIG; 3 is'a slightlymore detailed representationzof a second embodiment:oftheinvention- DESCRIPTION. OF THE .P-REF ERRED EMBODIMENTS In one conventional rocking-armaturetransducer, a
  • permanent magnet 1' is provided -with'two pole-piece members 2, 3,v each of' which has twopole-pieces as shown. Between thesepole-pieces there is-a pivoted armature 4 toone end'of whichis :coupled adiaphragm 5. Coilsaremounted on the pole+piecemembers 2 and 3. In the case. of.atelephone earpiece, the application of speech currents tothe coils causesthe armature 4 to rock aboutitscentralpivot andthus to drive the diaphragrn 5.
  • the transducer has certain practicallir'nita- *tions-in:that'ifithearmature is deflected too far it is liable-to stick (or freeze) to the pole-pieces,,and that to keep itin acentralaposition a highrstiffnessisneeded in its pivotbearing.
  • FIG. 2 The basic construction ofone form ofifloating armature transducer according to-the invention is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the armature 10 carries smallmagnetsll, l2 atzeach of its ends, and (as inthe deviceof FIG. l)is.coupled to a diaphragm13;.
  • magnet 11- is between two similar: magnets .14 and 15,
  • the armature l0 is softly magnetic and has a coil wound on it to carry a signal current. If this current is in-sucha direction (as shown) as to make the left-hand end of the armature of a South polarity, then the lefthand endof the armature 10 moves upwards towards the magnet 14. When the current reverts to zero the armature, by virtue of the respulsive-forces on*it ,.is.immediately re-centralized. Thus it will be seen that with an alternating current in the coil, the armature oscillates 1 in sympathy with that current to drive the armature 13.
  • the magnets used are rare-earth cobalt magnets whose coercivity is of the order of 10,000 oersted; compared with which Alnico V has a coercivity of about 500.
  • the magnets can be small, and in the case of one transducer using magnets of a Samariumcobalt alloy they were 1mm cubes. With such an arrangement it is possible to obtain a floating armature with alow stiffness.
  • the central magnet/armature arrangement is highly stablesince any deflection closes the spacing between magnetic. poles. of like polarity, which increases the centering force. Thus it is possible toobtain anarmature mounting of nearly zero stiffness,
  • the overall acoustic impedanceof the transducer can be reduced until itis comparable-with theear impedance or with the air-'loadedi impedance. in the case of a microphone.
  • the magnets themselvesform the pole-pieces, and since they work in a demagnetizing'field'they can exist in isolation without the usualsoft magnetic circuit; As will be seen below, however, the latter can still be used where this is convenient. As will be seen from the above discussion the magnets can be'very small, i.e. 1 mm cubes, so that their dimensions are comparable with'the dimensions of the other parts of the device,
  • the transducer shown in FIG. 3 has a softiron return path 20 to the center of which is pivoted'anarmature 21, the left-hand end of which drives(or is driven by) a diaphragm.
  • the armature and also the ends of the retum path 20 carry small magnets-poled as shown so that magnetically speaking the device of FIG. 3 is half that of FIG. 2, but with a soft ironreturn path.
  • the armature is laminated with the outer laminae bent as shown into horns as at 22, 23 aimed at the two air gaps.
  • the coil is wound about-the armature 21.
  • the'central magnet provides positivestiffness to the armature vibrations, .while the outer laminae act like a conventionalbalanced armature giving negative stiffness.
  • the dimensions are such that over small excursions from a central position the addition of the positive and negative stiffnesse's approach zero, and that for larger excursions positive stiffness exceeds negative stiffness.
  • the coils can be mounted on the v within said field, and a diaphragm responsive to the movement of said armature-wherein theimprovement.
  • an armature of laminated construction having a central lamina which carries a permanent magnet, two 1 other lamina one on each side of said central lamina, wherein each'said other-lamina has onegof its ends formed t'o'i a horn-like portion extending "to wards said magnetic field.
  • a transducer according to claim 1 wherein said magnet is comprised of rare-earth cobalt alloys having a-coerc ivity in the order of 10,000 oersteds.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
US00308381A 1971-12-23 1972-11-21 Electro-acoustic armature transducer Expired - Lifetime US3836733A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5993071A GB1364669A (en) 1971-12-23 1971-12-23 Electro acoustic transducers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3836733A true US3836733A (en) 1974-09-17

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00308381A Expired - Lifetime US3836733A (en) 1971-12-23 1972-11-21 Electro-acoustic armature transducer

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3836733A (es)
AU (1) AU465688B2 (es)
ES (1) ES409986A1 (es)
GB (1) GB1364669A (es)
IT (1) IT972504B (es)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3937904A (en) * 1974-08-07 1976-02-10 Hitachi Magnetics Corporation Moving magnet electroacoustic transducer
DE2810459A1 (de) * 1977-03-14 1978-09-21 Burundukov Elektrodynamischer wandler von mechanischen schwingungen in elektrische signale und umgekehrt, stereo- und monophonie-tonkoepfe und elektrodynamisches mikrophon
WO1994010817A1 (en) * 1992-10-29 1994-05-11 Knowles Electronics Co. Electroacoustic transducer
US5647013A (en) * 1992-10-29 1997-07-08 Knowles Electronics Co. Electroacostic transducer
US6075870A (en) * 1996-12-02 2000-06-13 Microtronic B.V. Electroacoustic transducer with improved shock resistance
US6658134B1 (en) 1999-08-16 2003-12-02 Sonionmicrotronic Nederland B.V. Shock improvement for an electroacoustic transducer
US20040027221A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2004-02-12 Mikhail Godkin Linear voice coil actuator as a controllable electromagnetic compression spring
US20110243365A1 (en) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-06 Richard Tucker Carlmark Moving Magnet Levered Loudspeaker
US20110243366A1 (en) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-06 Richard Tucker Carlmark Loudspeaker Moment and Torque Balancing
CN104284279A (zh) * 2014-11-03 2015-01-14 常州阿木奇声学科技有限公司 一种动铁喇叭的磁路系统
US9055370B2 (en) 2012-08-31 2015-06-09 Bose Corporation Vibration-reducing passive radiators
US9258648B2 (en) 2014-03-07 2016-02-09 Bose Corporation Levered loudspeakers
US9357279B2 (en) 2014-03-07 2016-05-31 Bose Corporation Elastomeric torsion bushings for levered loudspeakers
US9497549B2 (en) 2014-03-07 2016-11-15 Bose Corporation Levered loudspeakers
US9601969B2 (en) 2014-03-07 2017-03-21 Bose Corporation Inhibiting rocking of loads driven by plural levers
US20170118560A1 (en) * 2015-10-23 2017-04-27 Bose Corporation Bushings Constrained by Compression in Levered Apparatus
US9763013B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-09-12 Bose Corporation Moving magnet motors
CN108337587A (zh) * 2017-01-20 2018-07-27 苏州三色峰电子有限公司 一种适用于自动化装配的受话器及其制作方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1559158A (en) * 1923-12-11 1925-10-27 Gen Electric Sound-emitting device
US1761745A (en) * 1927-08-09 1930-06-03 Paramount Famous Lasky Corp Speaker
US2073561A (en) * 1934-08-16 1937-03-09 Mccracken John Sound reproducing means
US3695945A (en) * 1970-04-30 1972-10-03 Gen Electric Method of producing a sintered cobalt-rare earth intermetallic product

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1559158A (en) * 1923-12-11 1925-10-27 Gen Electric Sound-emitting device
US1761745A (en) * 1927-08-09 1930-06-03 Paramount Famous Lasky Corp Speaker
US2073561A (en) * 1934-08-16 1937-03-09 Mccracken John Sound reproducing means
US3695945A (en) * 1970-04-30 1972-10-03 Gen Electric Method of producing a sintered cobalt-rare earth intermetallic product

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3937904A (en) * 1974-08-07 1976-02-10 Hitachi Magnetics Corporation Moving magnet electroacoustic transducer
DE2810459A1 (de) * 1977-03-14 1978-09-21 Burundukov Elektrodynamischer wandler von mechanischen schwingungen in elektrische signale und umgekehrt, stereo- und monophonie-tonkoepfe und elektrodynamisches mikrophon
WO1994010817A1 (en) * 1992-10-29 1994-05-11 Knowles Electronics Co. Electroacoustic transducer
US5647013A (en) * 1992-10-29 1997-07-08 Knowles Electronics Co. Electroacostic transducer
US6075870A (en) * 1996-12-02 2000-06-13 Microtronic B.V. Electroacoustic transducer with improved shock resistance
US6658134B1 (en) 1999-08-16 2003-12-02 Sonionmicrotronic Nederland B.V. Shock improvement for an electroacoustic transducer
US20040027221A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2004-02-12 Mikhail Godkin Linear voice coil actuator as a controllable electromagnetic compression spring
US6831538B2 (en) * 2002-04-02 2004-12-14 Bei Sensors And Systems Company, Inc. Linear voice coil actuator as a controllable electromagnetic compression spring
US8295536B2 (en) * 2010-03-31 2012-10-23 Bose Corporation Moving magnet levered loudspeaker
US20110243365A1 (en) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-06 Richard Tucker Carlmark Moving Magnet Levered Loudspeaker
US8295537B2 (en) * 2010-03-31 2012-10-23 Bose Corporation Loudspeaker moment and torque balancing
US20110243366A1 (en) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-06 Richard Tucker Carlmark Loudspeaker Moment and Torque Balancing
US9055370B2 (en) 2012-08-31 2015-06-09 Bose Corporation Vibration-reducing passive radiators
US9763013B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-09-12 Bose Corporation Moving magnet motors
US10028062B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-07-17 Bose Corporation Driving plural armatures with a common stator
US9258648B2 (en) 2014-03-07 2016-02-09 Bose Corporation Levered loudspeakers
US9357279B2 (en) 2014-03-07 2016-05-31 Bose Corporation Elastomeric torsion bushings for levered loudspeakers
US9497549B2 (en) 2014-03-07 2016-11-15 Bose Corporation Levered loudspeakers
US9601969B2 (en) 2014-03-07 2017-03-21 Bose Corporation Inhibiting rocking of loads driven by plural levers
CN104284279A (zh) * 2014-11-03 2015-01-14 常州阿木奇声学科技有限公司 一种动铁喇叭的磁路系统
US20170118560A1 (en) * 2015-10-23 2017-04-27 Bose Corporation Bushings Constrained by Compression in Levered Apparatus
US10154347B2 (en) * 2015-10-23 2018-12-11 Bose Corporation Bushings constrained by compression in levered apparatus
CN108337587A (zh) * 2017-01-20 2018-07-27 苏州三色峰电子有限公司 一种适用于自动化装配的受话器及其制作方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES409986A1 (es) 1975-12-01
IT972504B (it) 1974-05-31
AU4959572A (en) 1974-06-06
AU465688B2 (en) 1975-10-02
GB1364669A (en) 1974-08-29

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AS Assignment

Owner name: STC PLC, 10 MALTRAVERS STREET, LONDON, WC2R 3HA, E

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004761/0721

Effective date: 19870423

Owner name: STC PLC,ENGLAND

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004761/0721

Effective date: 19870423