US3836233A - Anti-flash shutter with two compartments - Google Patents

Anti-flash shutter with two compartments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3836233A
US3836233A US00211495A US21149571A US3836233A US 3836233 A US3836233 A US 3836233A US 00211495 A US00211495 A US 00211495A US 21149571 A US21149571 A US 21149571A US 3836233 A US3836233 A US 3836233A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
shutter
flash
flash shutter
frame
plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00211495A
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English (en)
Inventor
F Frungel
H Lohse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Impulsphysik GmbH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19702063888 external-priority patent/DE2063888C3/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3836233A publication Critical patent/US3836233A/en
Assigned to IMPULSPHYSIK GMBH reassignment IMPULSPHYSIK GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FRUENGEL, FRANK
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
    • G02B5/23—Photochromic filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/02—Goggles
    • A61F9/022—Use of special optical filters, e.g. multiple layers, filters for protection against laser light or light from nuclear explosions, screens with different filter properties on different parts of the screen; Rotating slit-discs
    • A61F9/023—Use of special optical filters, e.g. multiple layers, filters for protection against laser light or light from nuclear explosions, screens with different filter properties on different parts of the screen; Rotating slit-discs with variable transmission, e.g. photochromic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
    • G03B9/08—Shutters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a shutter, in particular to an anti-flash shutter. Still more particularly the invention relates on an anti-flash shutter having closure times shorter than 100 microseconds, which is particularly suited for protecting the human eye against atomic flash.
  • Anti-flash shutters of the general type here in question are already known. Their purpose is to blacken or opaque the shutter cross section in a relatively short period of time, for instance by injecting into a chamber carbon powder orbe vaporization of electrically detonatable wires or the like. Such shutters are used where a rapid closure (against passage of light) of relatively large cross-sectional areas, for instance on the order of between substantilly 30 and 200 cm is required, which cannot be obtained with the necessary rapidity in any other way. Conventionally, such shutters have a single chamber and are usually provided with a unit composed of a charge of carbon powder and a small quantity of explosive, for instance nitro-pentane (Np) plus sulfur acid or lead-tricinate.
  • Np nitro-pentane
  • the explosive When the explosive is detonated, usually electrically, it blows or injects the charge of carbon powder into the chamber from an edge zone of the latter, thereby opaquing or blackening the shutter. It is also known to provide two or more such units spaced circumferentially of the chamber, in order to obtain shorter opaquing times. This means that quantities of carbon powder are blown into the chamber from two or more locations, and this carbon powder usually adheres to the inner surfaces of the transparent plates -generally glasswhich bound the chamber.
  • An additional object of the invention is to provide such an improved anti-flash shutter which is capable of withstanding the heat flash generated during a relatively close nuclear explosion.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such an improved shutter which can be produced inexpensively.
  • an anti-flash shutter which, briefly stated, comprises a frame having an opening for the passage of light, first means extending across said opening and defining at least two axially successive internal compartments through which light must pass successively, and third means for terminating the passage of light through both of said compartments simultaneously.
  • Such a shutter has the advantage that even if that chamber which faces towards the nuclear explosion is destroyed as a result of the heat flash, the other chamber will remain intact and provide the desired protection.
  • the opaquing means may be located in the region of the center or inner plate, that is in the region of the circumferential margin of the inner plate, with such means being electrically activatable.
  • the invention further proposes, according to another concept, that the frame itself be of an elastomeric material which is resiliently yieldable, and silicon rubber has been found particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • the transparent plates themselves may be of synthetic plastic material but, depending upon given optical requirements, they may also be made of glass which may or may not have special optical characteristics.
  • the utilization of elastomeric material for the frame makes it possible for the shutter to yield, particularly to yield to the internal pressure which will suddenly occur in the chambers when the explosive charges or wires are detonated to blow the carbon powder into the chambers. This reduces the possibility that the shutter might become destroyed or damaged by separation of the margin of the plates from the frame with the consequent possibility that some or all of the opaquing material (E.G., the carbon powder) might vent to the exterior and prevent proper blackening of the shutter.
  • the opaquing material E.G., the carbon powder
  • the opaquing itself that is the injection of opaquing material into both chambers, takes place symmetrically which means that the center or middle plate can be made of a different material than the two outer plates.
  • this material of the center plate need not be resistant against shock waves resulting from the detonation of the explosive charges and can be selected in accordance with other considerations, for instance it can be a material having good adhesion for carbon powder or other material used for the opaquingcharge, such as the material available under the tradename Ziellon.
  • the shutter according to the present invention can be made of much lighter weight and of much smaller thickness than would otherwise be possible, considerations which are evidently also important.
  • the frame can yield makes it also charges, that is the wires which are to connect the charges with a source of electrical energy for detonating them, in the frame itself.
  • a plug or connector may also be embedded, with the wires connected to it and with suitable male or female portions of the connector being exposed at the exterior of the frame for engagement with a similar external connector which in turn is in electrically conductive relationship with a source of electrical energy.
  • the charge of carbon powder and the explosive charge are embedded in the frame so as to be sealed with respect to the outer side thereof, which eliminates the necessity for providing screw connectors as in the prior art into which these components are threaded from the exterior.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross section through an embodiment according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view through a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a section taken on line III-III of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary section through still another embodiment of the invention.
  • the shutter disclosed in the Figure is provided with two spaced, parallel transparent outer plates 1.
  • These plates 1 may be of synthetic plastic material or of glass, depending upon the requirements made of the, especially optical requirements.
  • an inner or intermediate plate 3 which may be of a material having particularly good adhesive characteristics (to facilitate adhering of the carbon powder or the like to it), or which may have other desirable characteristics, for instance it may be of a material which is especially resistant to thermal energy.
  • Such material may for instance be of the type which is commercially available under the tradename Cellon" from the German “Dynamit” Company.
  • the plate 3 must be transparent as are the plates 1.
  • a frame 6 is provided, in this instance composed of elastomeric material which is resiliently yieldable, and silicon rubber with high resilience is particularly advantageous for this purpose.
  • the plates extend across the opening provided in this frame 6, and in the region of the outer circumferential margin of the plate 3 there are embedded in the frame 6 charges 3 of carbon powder in which in turn there are embedded explosive charges 4 of known type.
  • Reference numeral 5 designates conductors which are connected with the charges 4, also being embedded and extending to the exterior of the frame 6 for connection with a source of electrical energy which is required to detonate the charges 4.
  • Frame 6 is surrounded at its outer side with a member 7 which is of substantially U-shaped cross section with the open side facing inwardly towards the frame 6.
  • Member 7 may be of synthetic plastic material or of metal and is utilized particularly for relatively largedimensioned shutters, especially if they have a rectangular or quadratic outline. If the member 7 is of metallic material, it can be conductively connected with one of the wires 5 whereas the other wire passes out of the frame 6 and out of the member 7 via an insulated bushing 9 to provide an external contact 8 for connection with a source of electrical energy. 7
  • FIGS. '2 and 3 it will be seen that here there is illustrated a smaller shutter of circular outline.
  • the member7 of the embodiment in FIG. 1 may be omitted.
  • the frame 16 is again of elastomeric material of high yielding capability, and it is possible but not necessary to locate intermediate the plate 12 and the two plates 11 a spacing member or spacing rings in order to locate and maintain the plates in parallel relationship.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show that a single carbon charge and explosive unit is located at the frame centrally intermediate the plates 11, so that it can discharge to both axial sides of the plate 12. Thus, the central unit discharges into both of the chambers simultaneously and opaques both chambers simultaneously.
  • the explosive charge 14 is located again in the carbon powder charge 13 and electrically conductive wires 15 are provided which extend to the outer side of the frame 16.
  • a single unit can be utilized only if the cross section which is to be blackened is not so large that excessive time will be required for effecting the opaquing. Alternately more than one such unit can be provided, distributed about the circumference of the shutter.
  • FIG. 4 we show that a shutter according to FIG. I can be constructed in accordance with the opaquing concept of FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the single unit or each unit
  • the single unit can act on both chambers simultaneously to opaque them.
  • the carbon powder charge 24 has embedded in it the explosive charge 25, being so located in a frame 26 intermediate the two outer plates 21 that the two chambers, which are defined between the plates 21 by the intermediate plate 22, will both receive carbon powder simultaneously from the charge 24.
  • Shutters of the type here in question frequently must be capable of storage for prolonged periods of time.
  • a cover preferably in the form of a coating of colonium or Zapon lacquer and to thereby seal the charge against the intrusion of moisture.
  • such a coating prevents falling-out of carbon particles into the chambers, for instance in case of an impact on the shutter during careless handling or the like.
  • the intrusion of air and moisture can also be visually signalled according to a concept of the invention, in that the two chambers are evacuated to an extent sufficient to cause the outer plate to become slightly inwardly deformed in a concave manner. This is true particularly in the shutters having plates or synthetic plastic material and as long as the concavity is visible the user is assured that air and moisture will not have intruded. On the other hand, if the concavity is not visible, then the shutter is replaced as no longer absolutely reliable in its operation.
  • the assembly of the shutter may be carried out in a manner analogous to that disclosed in German Pat. No. 1,939,740.
  • An anti-flash shutter comprising a frame having an opening for the passage of light; first means extending across said opening and defining a chamber; second means also extending across said opening and subdividing said chamber into one compartment adapted to face the heat flash of a nuclear explosion and subject to destruction by such flash, and an axially successive additional compartment through which light must pass after passing through said one compartment; and third means for simultaneously terminating the passage of light through both of said compartments so that maximum opaquing of the shutter results upon the occurrence of a flash and opaquing of at least said additional compartment remains even in the event of destruction of said one compartment.
  • said first means comprising at least two at least substantially parallel transparent outer plates spaced from one another so as to form said chamber, and said second means comprising a center plate located between said outer plates.
  • said third means comprises at least one unit including a charge of carbon powder and an explosive adapted to discharge said carbon powder into one of said compartments, and at least one explosively vaporizable wire adapted to discharge into the other of said compartments and form a reflective layer therein.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
US00211495A 1970-12-24 1971-12-23 Anti-flash shutter with two compartments Expired - Lifetime US3836233A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702063888 DE2063888C3 (de) 1970-12-24 Optischer Schnellverschluß

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3836233A true US3836233A (en) 1974-09-17

Family

ID=5792247

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00211495A Expired - Lifetime US3836233A (en) 1970-12-24 1971-12-23 Anti-flash shutter with two compartments

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3836233A (fr)
BE (1) BE776502A (fr)
CA (1) CA962866A (fr)
CH (1) CH539276A (fr)
FR (1) FR2118917B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1316537A (fr)
IT (1) IT946043B (fr)
NL (1) NL7117826A (fr)
SE (1) SE372109B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4257017A (en) * 1978-07-11 1981-03-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Post pulse shutter for laser amplifier

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2489751A (en) * 1945-07-26 1949-11-29 Jr George V Candler Roof or covering
US3342540A (en) * 1962-03-08 1967-09-19 Abegg Moroni Taylor Antiflash device
US3344434A (en) * 1964-07-22 1967-10-03 Beckmann Gerhard Welder's shield
US3409909A (en) * 1966-06-21 1968-11-12 Navy Usa Attaching and sealing means for flash goggle lenses
US3424515A (en) * 1965-08-23 1969-01-28 George Risk Ind Inc Window construction having continuously variable transverse light transmission
US3674344A (en) * 1971-03-30 1972-07-04 M L Lacy Ltd Light energy absorbing and filtering device for a motorcycle helmet
US3721172A (en) * 1970-11-24 1973-03-20 Impulsphysik Gmbh Capping shutter with explosive charge of carbon powder

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE639660A (fr) *
DE1282467B (de) * 1965-05-17 1968-11-07 Draegerwerk Ag Verfahren zum Verbinden einer Fensterscheibe aus organischem Material mit dem Koerper von Atemschutzmasken od. dgl. aus natuerlichem oder kuenstlichem Gummi
US3521940A (en) * 1967-10-31 1970-07-28 Us Navy Adjustable attenuation laser safety window
GB1260692A (en) * 1968-12-18 1972-01-19 Impulsphysik Gmbh Improvements in and relating to optical shutters
DE1939740B2 (de) * 1969-08-05 1972-01-05 Impulsphysik Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Optischer kohlenstaubinjektions schnellverschluss

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2489751A (en) * 1945-07-26 1949-11-29 Jr George V Candler Roof or covering
US3342540A (en) * 1962-03-08 1967-09-19 Abegg Moroni Taylor Antiflash device
US3344434A (en) * 1964-07-22 1967-10-03 Beckmann Gerhard Welder's shield
US3424515A (en) * 1965-08-23 1969-01-28 George Risk Ind Inc Window construction having continuously variable transverse light transmission
US3409909A (en) * 1966-06-21 1968-11-12 Navy Usa Attaching and sealing means for flash goggle lenses
US3721172A (en) * 1970-11-24 1973-03-20 Impulsphysik Gmbh Capping shutter with explosive charge of carbon powder
US3674344A (en) * 1971-03-30 1972-07-04 M L Lacy Ltd Light energy absorbing and filtering device for a motorcycle helmet

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4257017A (en) * 1978-07-11 1981-03-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Post pulse shutter for laser amplifier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2063888B2 (de) 1977-03-24
GB1316537A (en) 1973-05-09
SE372109B (fr) 1974-12-09
NL7117826A (fr) 1972-06-27
BE776502A (fr) 1972-04-04
IT946043B (it) 1973-05-21
CA962866A (en) 1975-02-18
DE2063888A1 (de) 1972-06-29
FR2118917A1 (fr) 1972-08-04
FR2118917B1 (fr) 1974-06-07
CH539276A (de) 1973-07-15

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: IMPULSPHYSIK GMBH, D-2000 HAMBURG-SCHENEFELD 1, GE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:FRUENGEL, FRANK;REEL/FRAME:004762/0936

Effective date: 19870924

Owner name: IMPULSPHYSIK GMBH,GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FRUENGEL, FRANK;REEL/FRAME:004762/0936

Effective date: 19870924