US3835209A - Process of extruding a foamed extrudate and controlling the thickness thereof - Google Patents

Process of extruding a foamed extrudate and controlling the thickness thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US3835209A
US3835209A US00197131A US19713171A US3835209A US 3835209 A US3835209 A US 3835209A US 00197131 A US00197131 A US 00197131A US 19713171 A US19713171 A US 19713171A US 3835209 A US3835209 A US 3835209A
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Prior art keywords
gas
tube
thickness
extrusion
streams
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US00197131A
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English (en)
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J Karabedian
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Graham Packaging Plastic Products Inc
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Owens Illinois Inc
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Application filed by Owens Illinois Inc filed Critical Owens Illinois Inc
Priority to US00197131A priority Critical patent/US3835209A/en
Priority to CA154,372A priority patent/CA1002269A/en
Priority to AU48237/72A priority patent/AU460828B2/en
Priority to GB5130972A priority patent/GB1414507A/en
Priority to FR7239591A priority patent/FR2159386B1/fr
Priority to DE2254687A priority patent/DE2254687C3/de
Priority to JP47111711A priority patent/JPS5223365B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3835209A publication Critical patent/US3835209A/en
Assigned to OWENS-ILLINOIS PLASTIC PRODUCTS INC., A CORP. OF DE. reassignment OWENS-ILLINOIS PLASTIC PRODUCTS INC., A CORP. OF DE. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC.
Assigned to BANKERS TRUST COMPANY, AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment BANKERS TRUST COMPANY, AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FORT HOWARD CUP CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to SWEETHEART CUP COMPANY INC. reassignment SWEETHEART CUP COMPANY INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BANKERS TRUST COMPANY, AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Assigned to SWEETHEART CUP COMPANY INC. reassignment SWEETHEART CUP COMPANY INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BANKERS TRUST COMPANY, AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
    • B29C44/46—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/50—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying
    • B29C44/507—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying extruding the compound through an annular die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
    • B29C48/865—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92514—Pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92609—Dimensions
    • B29C2948/92647—Thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92609—Dimensions
    • B29C2948/92657—Volume or quantity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92904—Die; Nozzle zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Caliper in the cross direction of webs of extruded foam plastic produced by longitudinal slitting of a tubular extrusion is controlled by differentially cooling the extrusion circumferentially about its axis as it is extruded. This can be accomplished by locating a plurality of independently controllable air cooling ducts around and following the die orifice.
  • PATENIEUSEP 1 01914 saw: 3 0F 3 wr L w m k PROCESS OF EXTRUDING A FOAMED EXTRUDATE AND CONTROLLING THE- THICKNESS THEREOF
  • the invention relates to the control of the thickness, or caliper, of extruded foam sheet formed by the extrusion of heated thermoplastic material containing a foaming agent through a die orifice.
  • the thickness (caliper) of the resulting sheet is determined mainly by the rate at which the web is pulled away from the die or orifice lips.
  • the thickness is also dependent on a number of variables such as the amount of nucleation present, the quantity of foaming or blowing agent, the rate of cooling after the web leaves the orifice lips, the orifice lip spacing, the plastic flow paths in the die, die temperature, etc. While many of these factors are common to the extrusion of thermoplastic without a foaming agent, there are several additional factors involved when the mixture contains a foaming agent.
  • the temperature distribution along the die slot leading to the die orifice is such that the foaming agent forms bubbles in advance of the orifice lips which expand after the web leaves the orifice lips.
  • the web thickness is dependent on the temperature at the orifice lips and the point and rate of cooling of the web after it leaves the orifice lips.
  • thermoplastic without a foaming agent does not expand at such point, its thickness is little affected by the orifice lip temperature or the point and rate of cooling. Instead, the thickness thereof is determined mainly by the extrusion rate, the orifice lip spacing and the rate at which the web is pulled away from the orifice lips.
  • the orientation of the molecules of the resin in both the length and width directions of the film is important, and such orientation is also affected by the point and rate of cooling after the web leaves the orifice lips.
  • the thickness of a foam sheet in the web width direction can be closely controlled with additional desirable results by cooling the web immediately after it leaves the orifice lips with a plurality of controllable gas streams distributed transverse to the direction of extrusion and hence widthwise of the web.
  • the gas streams may be on only one side of the web or on both sides thereof, and while a plurality of such streams in a single plane extending transversely to the direction of movement of the web gives satisfactory results, improved results are obtained with a plurality of gas streams in each of a plurality of such planes disposed, with respect to each other, in the direction of movement of the web.
  • gas evacuating or withdrawal ducts are disposed adjacent such streams and the web to increase the gas flow rate.
  • gas streams which may be streams of air, carbon dioxide, or other gases at the desired temperature, i.e., room temperature or a higher or lower temperature but substantially lower than that of the web on which they impinge, individual portions spaced widthwise of the web may be adjusted in thickness.
  • gas streams may be used to affect theorientation of the resin molecules and to increase the rate of production.
  • One object of the invention is to control the thickness of a thermoplastic foam sheet widthwise thereof.
  • Another object of the invention is to control the ori-, entation of the resin molecules in a thermoplastic foam sheet.
  • a further object of the invention is to increase the speed of production of thermoplastic foam sheet.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional, side elevation view of a portion of an extrusion die and associated apparatus and the apparatus for directing gas streams on a tube of foam thermoplastic;
  • FIG. 2 is an end elevation view, partly broken away
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged, fragmentary, cross-sectional, side elevation view of aportion of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and is taken along the line 3-3 indicated in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a side'elevation view, partly in cross-section, of a further embodiment of apparatus for directing gas streams on a tube of foam thermoplastic.
  • the apparatus illustrated and described in said application comprises a heated extrusion die having an annular orifice which is supplied with heated thermoplastic containing a foaming agent by a heated extruder.
  • the foam thermoplastic emerges from the orifice as a tube, is pulled bypairs of rollers and is slit into two separate webs or sheets prior to reaching such rollers.
  • FIG. 1 A portion of said extrusion die is shown in FIG. 1 and comprises a main body surrounding a sizing cone or core member 11.
  • the thermoplastic 12, containing a foaming agent is forced from the left to the right as viewed in FIG. 1 by means of an extruder (not shown), and flows through a conical die slot 13 to the die orifice defined by the lips 14 and 15.
  • the die body 10 is heated by conventional means, such as the ring heater 57, so that the temperature at and immediately in advance of the orifice lips 14 and 15 is such as to cause the foaming of the foaming agent.
  • the thermoplastic is polystyrene mixed with a foaming agent
  • the temperature may be of the order of 290300F.
  • the foaming agent forms bubbles in advance of the orifice lips 14 and 15 which expand as the thermoplastic leaves the orifice lips 14 and 15.
  • the foam thermoplastic forms a tube 16, which is expanded by means of low velocity air flow through the bore 17 of a mandrel 18 which is supported from a sizing disc 19. Air is supplied to the bore 17 of the mandrel 18 through a mandrel supporting pipe 20 and flows outwardly from the bore 17 through a channel 21 having its outlet opening adjacent the lips 14 and 15. Excess air from within the tube 16 is removed by the pipes 22 and 23.
  • thermoplastics which may be used are polystyrenes, styrene copolymers, such as styreneacrylonitrile and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyolefins, such as low and high density polyethylenes, polypropylenes and polyallomers, ethylene copolymers, such as ethylene-vinyl-acetate, polyvinylchloride and cellulosics, such as cellulose-acetate.
  • the foaming agent may be injected into the extruder barrel containing the thermoplastic mixed with a nucleating agent, such as talc, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid or with styrene maleic anhydride.
  • Blowing or foaming agents commonly used for such purposes are pentane and trichlorofluoromethane.
  • Other such agents are neopentane, hexane, isohexane, heptane, isoheptane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane and inert gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • the thermoplastic may be compounded before extrusion with such nucleating agents and chemical blowing agents which decompose upon the application of sufficient heat during the extrusion process to form bubbles in the mixture.
  • chemical blowing agents are azobisformamide, azobisisobutyronitrile, azoaminobenzene, N,Ndimethyl-N-Ndinitroso-teraphthalamide, N,N dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, benzene sulfonyl-hydrazide, toluene-4-sulfonyl hydrazide, diphenyl-sulfon 3,3 disulfonyl hydrazide, 4,4'-oxybis (benzene sulfonyl hydrazide).
  • the means for directing a plurality of gas streams on the tube 16 as it emerges from the die orifice comprises a plurality of disc-like members 24-28, supported from the main die body 10 by a ring 29 secured thereto.
  • the inner periphery of the member 24 is spaced from the lip 15 so as to thermally isolate it therefrom.
  • Gas under pressure is supplied between members 24 and 25, between members 25 and 26, between members 26 and 27 and between members 27 and 28, by the pipes 31-34 (FIGS. 2 and 3), which connect to circumferential manifolds, and the gas impinges upon the exterior surface of the tube 16 as it emerges from the die orifice.
  • the pressure of the gas is dependent upon the results which it is desired to obtain. For example, if it is desired to reduce the thickness of a portion of the tube 16, and hence, the thickness of a widthwise portion of the resulting web or sheet, the velocity of the gas impinging upon the tube 16 is increased. Generally speaking, the
  • gas supplied to each of the spaces between the members 24-28 will be at the same temperature, but it is, of course, possible to supply gas at different temperatures to the different spaces.
  • the members 24-28 are shown in greater detail in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • Each of the spaces between such members 24-28 is divided circumferentially of the tube 16 by a plurality of partitions 30 so as to provide a plurality of circumferentially spaced, enclosed, gas channels 24a, 24b, etc. through which the gas is directed through the openends thereof upon the exterior surface of the tube 16.
  • the gas which is supplied to said channels by means of pipes 31-34 flows outwardly of the channels and onto the tube 16 as indicated by the arrows 35.
  • the spacing of the partitions 30 is dependent upon the degree of control of the cooling of the tube 16 which is desired and the spacing may, for example, be of the order of 10.
  • the number of separate channels would be approximately 36, thereby providing individual control of the thickness of 36 separate portions spaced circumferentially of the tube 16, and hence, widthwise of the web which results after slitting of the tube 16, as described in said co-pending application.
  • the volume of gas passing through each of the channels and impinging upon the tube 16 at the end of the channel is controlled by a plurality of rotatable dampers 36-39.
  • The. damper 36 is mounted on a tubular shaft 40, which is controlled by a lever 41 having a linkage 42 connected thereto for rotating the tubular shaft 40 and hence, the damper 36.
  • the damper 37 is mounted on a shaft 43 which is rotatable within the tubular shaft 40 by means of a lever 44 connected to a linkage 45.
  • the damper 39 is mounted on a tubular shaft 46 controlled by a lever 47 on a linkage 48 and the damper 38 is mounted on a rotatable shaft 49 controlled by a lever 50 and a linkage 51. Accordingly, by means of controls of the positions of the dampers 36-39 the velocity and volume of the gas impinging upon the tube 16 at the opening at the end of the channel can be controlled.
  • damper 36 For example, if it is desired to reduce the thickness of a portion of the tube 16 adjacent the end of one of the channels controlled by one of the dampers 36, such damper 36 is opened so as to permit a greater volume of gas to impinge on the tube 16 through the channel controlled by the damper 36. Similarly, if it is desired to increase the thickness of such portion, the velocity of gas through the channel is decreased by moving the damper 36 toward the closed position.
  • the expression adjusting the gas flowing through a channel and the expression adjusting the gas flowing in the gas stream mean varying either its rate of flow or its temperature or both.
  • a single pair of members 24 and 25 with an associated damper 36, and dividing partitions 30, is sufficient to give substantial control over the thickness of the tube 16, but additional control thereover is obtained by using the additional members 26-28, and the associated gas channels.
  • the use of the additional members 26-28 is also desirable for control of the orientation of the molecules of the resin for the reasons set forth hereinbefore.
  • additional cooling of the portion of the tube 16 below the surface first cooled by the channels controlled by the damper 36 is provided which permits control of further expansion of the foaming agent after such portion passes beyond the initial channel openings.
  • Such additional cooling controls the size and orientation of the cells, and thus, there is some control of the orientation of the molecules of plastic.
  • the channel openings adjacent the tube and formed by the members 24-28 will be equal in number and aligned in the direction of extrusion.
  • the dampers 36-39 may be controlled manually or if desired may be controlled automatically by web thickness measuring apparatus of the type disclosed in said co-pending application.
  • the members 25-27 preferably are provided with gas withdrawal passageways 52-54 which are connected to a suction device by means of pipes 52a, 53a and 54a so as to withdraw the gas between the inner peripheries of the members 24-28 and the surface of the tube 16, as indicated by the arrows 56.
  • the velocity and volume of gas directed on the tube 16 can be increased, which not only permits greater control of the thickness of the tube 16, but also permits the tube 16 to be withdrawn from the die orifice at a greater rate, because of greater efficiency of cooling.
  • the latter permits a higher speed of production of the tube 16, and hence of the desired foam web or sheet.
  • the passageways 52-54 are divided into gas withdrawal channels corresponding to the channels 24a, 24b, etc. by partitions similar to the partitions 30.
  • the end openings of such gas withdrawal channels adjacent the tube 16 are aligned in the direction of extrusion with the end openings of the gas supply channels between the members 24-28.
  • gas withdrawal channels or the lines 520, 53a and 54a are provided with conventional gas flow controls, such as needle valves, to permit control of the gas flow in each of such channels.
  • the passageways 52-54 may be omitted, and alternate ones of the channels 24a, 24b, etc. may be made gas withdrawal channels.
  • channels 24a, 24c, 24E, etc. may be gas supply channels
  • channels 24b, 24d, etc. may be gas withdrawal channels by supplying gas and withdrawing gas therefrom in an obvious manner.
  • the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1-3 cools the tube 16 externally thereof, but it may be cooled internally by the apparatus shown in FIG. 4. Such apparatus may be used without the external cooling apparatus shown in FIGS. 1-3, or it may be used in conjunction therewith to provide both internal and external cooling.
  • the apparatus in FIG. 4 is similar to that shown in the preceding Figures, but adapted to be mounted internally of the tube 16.
  • the cooling apparatus shown in FIG. 4 comprises a plurality of concentric members 60-67 having dishshaped, interfitting end faces and which are spaced from each other so as to provide a plurality of gas passageways 68-71 and a plurality of vacuum passageways 72-74.
  • Each of the gas passageways 68-71 and the vacuum passageways 72-74 are divided by partitions into circumferentially spaced channels in the manner heretofore described, such channels opening radially outwardly and adjacent the interior surface of the thermoplastic tube 16.
  • Each of the gas channels is provided with dampers similar to the dampers 36-39 heretofore described which are controllable by the shaft assembly 75.
  • a manifold block 76 having a plurality of gas supply manifolds 78-81 and a plurality of vacuum manifolds 82-84 is secured to the ends of the members 60-67. Gas under pressure is supplied to the manifolds 78-81 by means of the pipes 85-88 and flows from such manifolds 78-81 to the gas passageways 68-71. Gas between the interior surface of the tube 16 and the vacuum channel openings is withdrawn through the passageways 72-74, the manifolds 82-84 and the pipes 89-91.
  • the assembly comprising the manifold block 76 and the members 60-67 is supported from the sizing disc 19 by means of a rod 92. The end of the member 67 bears against a disc of thermal insulating material 93, which in turn bears against the core member 11 of the extrusion die.
  • cooling gas is directed on the interior surface of the thermoplastic tube 16 as it emerges from the die orifice by the plurality of circumferentially spaced channels in the passageway 68, and is withdrawn from adjacent the interior surface of the tube 16 by means of the passageway 72.
  • cooling gas is directed on the interior surface of the tube 16 by the channels in the passageways 69, and 71, and is withdrawn from adjacent the interior surface of the tube 16 by means of the vacuum passageways 73, 74.
  • the thickness of a portion of the tube 16 adjacent to a channel opening may be adjusted by adjusting the gas flowing through the channel corresponding to the opening, an increase in cooling causing a reduction in thickness and a decrease in cooling causing an increase in thickness.
  • the method for controlling the thickness of said sheet between the outer surfaces thereof and in the direction transverse to the direction of extrusion and hence, across the width thereof which comprises cooling said material by directing a plurality of separately controllable gas streams having a temperature less than that of the extruded material on a surface of said material as it emerges from said orifice and is expanding, said streams being disposed relative to each other in said direction transverse to the direction of extrusion, and increasing the cooling of a portion of said material by the gas stream which impinges on said portion of the material which it is desired to reduce in thickness relative to other portions thereof by adjusting the gas flowing in the gas stream and decreasing the cooling of said portion by said gas stream by adjusting the gas flowing in the gas stream when it is desired to increase the thickness thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
US00197131A 1971-11-09 1971-11-09 Process of extruding a foamed extrudate and controlling the thickness thereof Expired - Lifetime US3835209A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00197131A US3835209A (en) 1971-11-09 1971-11-09 Process of extruding a foamed extrudate and controlling the thickness thereof
CA154,372A CA1002269A (en) 1971-11-09 1972-10-20 Process and apparatus for controlling dimension in plastic extrusion
AU48237/72A AU460828B2 (en) 1971-11-09 1972-10-27 Process and apparatus for controlling dimension in plastic extrusion
GB5130972A GB1414507A (en) 1971-11-09 1972-11-07 Process and apparatus for controlling dimension in plastics extrusion
DE2254687A DE2254687C3 (de) 1971-11-09 1972-11-08 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Herstellen einer Schaumstoffolie
FR7239591A FR2159386B1 (ja) 1971-11-09 1972-11-08
JP47111711A JPS5223365B2 (ja) 1971-11-09 1972-11-09

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US00197131A US3835209A (en) 1971-11-09 1971-11-09 Process of extruding a foamed extrudate and controlling the thickness thereof

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US3835209A true US3835209A (en) 1974-09-10

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JP (1) JPS5223365B2 (ja)
AU (1) AU460828B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA1002269A (ja)
DE (1) DE2254687C3 (ja)
FR (1) FR2159386B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1414507A (ja)

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3940221A (en) * 1973-09-10 1976-02-24 Welex Incorporated Thickness control system for an extrusion die
US3959425A (en) * 1973-06-04 1976-05-25 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for extruding tubular thermoplastic film
US3981663A (en) * 1973-09-10 1976-09-21 Lupke Gerd Paul Heinrich Apparatus for making high speed corrugated plastic tubing
US4049768A (en) * 1976-04-09 1977-09-20 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for extending thermoplastic foams having smooth external skins
US4118453A (en) * 1976-08-30 1978-10-03 Mobil Oil Corporation Method and apparatus for the extrusion of tubular thermoplastic film
US4139338A (en) * 1976-12-06 1979-02-13 Cole Robert J Air ring for the production of blown film
US4146563A (en) * 1977-12-20 1979-03-27 The Dow Chemical Company Method and apparatus for forming thermoplastic foams
FR2425929A1 (fr) * 1978-05-15 1979-12-14 Owens Illinois Inc Procede et appareil pour former un tube en matiere plastique a l'aide d'une tete de soufflage
US4209475A (en) * 1978-10-20 1980-06-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Method and apparatus for effecting uniform film thickness
US4259047A (en) * 1978-01-24 1981-03-31 Cole Robert J Air ring for the production of blown film
US4261939A (en) * 1978-08-22 1981-04-14 Tetra Pak International Ab Method and an arrangement for the manufacture of a material web of foamed thermoplastics
US4265853A (en) * 1979-09-14 1981-05-05 The Dow Chemical Company Method and apparatus for forming of reinforced tube
US4443400A (en) * 1982-08-11 1984-04-17 Mobil Oil Corporation Method and apparatus for the formation of profiled thermoplastic film
US4473527A (en) * 1981-11-09 1984-09-25 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries Ltd. Method and apparatus for forming inflation film
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US5411683A (en) * 1993-08-20 1995-05-02 Sweetheart Cup Company Inc. Method for making thermoplastic foam with combined 1,1-difluoroethane and CO2 blowing agent
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US5658526A (en) * 1995-11-01 1997-08-19 Shell Oil Company Method to prepare blown films of vinyl aromatic/conjugated diolefin block copolymer
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US20020130431A1 (en) * 2001-03-15 2002-09-19 William Randolph External thickness control and method
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US6783344B1 (en) * 1999-09-09 2004-08-31 Kdesign Gmbh Method of and device for controlling and automatically controlling the thickness profile in the production of blown film
US20050129798A1 (en) * 2003-11-28 2005-06-16 Wolfram Littek Device and a process for producing blown films
US20050253213A1 (en) * 2004-05-13 2005-11-17 Tongbi Jiang Covers for microelectronic imagers and methods for wafer-level packaging of microelectronics imagers
US20150352759A1 (en) * 2013-01-28 2015-12-10 Frank van Lück Method for producing a foam product, and device therefor
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US11104054B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2021-08-31 Addex, Inc. High performance cooling system
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DE3743720A1 (de) * 1987-12-23 1989-09-21 Karl Veit Holger Dr Ing Folienblasanlage zur herstellung von kunststoffolien
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US4049768A (en) * 1976-04-09 1977-09-20 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for extending thermoplastic foams having smooth external skins
US4118453A (en) * 1976-08-30 1978-10-03 Mobil Oil Corporation Method and apparatus for the extrusion of tubular thermoplastic film
US4139338A (en) * 1976-12-06 1979-02-13 Cole Robert J Air ring for the production of blown film
US4146563A (en) * 1977-12-20 1979-03-27 The Dow Chemical Company Method and apparatus for forming thermoplastic foams
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US4265853A (en) * 1979-09-14 1981-05-05 The Dow Chemical Company Method and apparatus for forming of reinforced tube
US4505657A (en) * 1981-10-30 1985-03-19 Mitsubishi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for forming blown films
US4473527A (en) * 1981-11-09 1984-09-25 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries Ltd. Method and apparatus for forming inflation film
US4443400A (en) * 1982-08-11 1984-04-17 Mobil Oil Corporation Method and apparatus for the formation of profiled thermoplastic film
EP0231657A2 (en) * 1985-12-24 1987-08-12 Xerox Corporation Process and apparatus for the fabrication of thin-walled tubes
US4698196A (en) * 1985-12-24 1987-10-06 Xerox Corporation Method and apparatus for extruding creaseless thin walled tubes
EP0231657A3 (en) * 1985-12-24 1989-02-01 Xerox Corporation Process and apparatus for extruding tubular films process and apparatus for extruding tubular films
US4828770A (en) * 1985-12-24 1989-05-09 Xerox Corporation Extrusion system
US5281119A (en) * 1988-11-11 1994-01-25 Japan Styrene Paper Corporation Apparatus for the production of foamed polyolefin sheets
US5443769A (en) * 1990-06-14 1995-08-22 Owens-Illinois Plastic Products Inc. Polystyrene foam sheet manufacture
US5087344A (en) * 1990-09-26 1992-02-11 Heraeus Elektroden Gmbh Electrolysis cell for gas-evolving electrolytic processes
US5288219A (en) * 1991-03-25 1994-02-22 Battenfeld Gloucester Engineering Co., Inc. Air ring for controlling blown film thickness
US5411683A (en) * 1993-08-20 1995-05-02 Sweetheart Cup Company Inc. Method for making thermoplastic foam with combined 1,1-difluoroethane and CO2 blowing agent
US5676893A (en) * 1993-12-01 1997-10-14 Addex Design, Inc. Cooling and thickness control for extruded products
US5468134A (en) * 1993-12-01 1995-11-21 Cree; Robert E. Cooling and thickness control for extruded products
WO1995015251A1 (en) * 1993-12-01 1995-06-08 Cree Robert E Cooling and thickness control for extruded products
US5658526A (en) * 1995-11-01 1997-08-19 Shell Oil Company Method to prepare blown films of vinyl aromatic/conjugated diolefin block copolymer
US5858414A (en) * 1996-07-11 1999-01-12 Kawata Mfg. Co., Ltd. Cooling device for plastic molding
US6783344B1 (en) * 1999-09-09 2004-08-31 Kdesign Gmbh Method of and device for controlling and automatically controlling the thickness profile in the production of blown film
US20040113330A1 (en) * 2001-03-05 2004-06-17 Herbert Fischer Blown film die for producing tubular film
US7695263B2 (en) * 2001-03-05 2010-04-13 Windmoeller And Hoelscher Kg Blown film die for producing tubular film
US6739855B2 (en) 2001-03-15 2004-05-25 Addex, Inc. External thickness control and method
US20020130431A1 (en) * 2001-03-15 2002-09-19 William Randolph External thickness control and method
US20040207130A1 (en) * 2001-03-15 2004-10-21 Addex, Inc. External thickness control and method
US7314592B2 (en) * 2001-03-15 2008-01-01 Addex, Inc. External thickness control and method
EP1377796B1 (en) * 2001-03-15 2012-02-22 Addex, Inc. External thickness control of blown film
US20050129798A1 (en) * 2003-11-28 2005-06-16 Wolfram Littek Device and a process for producing blown films
US20050253213A1 (en) * 2004-05-13 2005-11-17 Tongbi Jiang Covers for microelectronic imagers and methods for wafer-level packaging of microelectronics imagers
US20150352759A1 (en) * 2013-01-28 2015-12-10 Frank van Lück Method for producing a foam product, and device therefor
US10357914B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2019-07-23 Addex, Inc. High performance cooling element
US10391696B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2019-08-27 Addex, Inc. High performance cooling element
US10391697B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2019-08-27 Addex, Inc. Controlled pressure enclosure
US11104054B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2021-08-31 Addex, Inc. High performance cooling system
US11186026B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2021-11-30 Addex, Inc. High performance cooling element
US11207816B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2021-12-28 Addex, Inc. High performance cooling element
US11241817B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2022-02-08 Addex, Inc. Controlled pressure enclosure
US11292176B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2022-04-05 Addex, Inc. High performance cooling system
US11298865B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2022-04-12 Addex, Inc. High performance cooling system
US11787099B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2023-10-17 Addex, Inc. High performance cooling system
US11919219B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2024-03-05 Addex, Inc. Controlled pressure enclosure
US11919218B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2024-03-05 Addex, Inc. High performance cooling element
US11938668B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2024-03-26 Addex, Inc. High performance cooling element

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DE2254687B2 (de) 1979-02-01
DE2254687C3 (de) 1979-09-20
AU4823772A (en) 1974-05-02
JPS5223365B2 (ja) 1977-06-23
CA1002269A (en) 1976-12-28
JPS4855959A (ja) 1973-08-06
FR2159386A1 (ja) 1973-06-22
DE2254687A1 (de) 1973-05-10
AU460828B2 (en) 1975-05-08
FR2159386B1 (ja) 1976-10-29
GB1414507A (en) 1975-11-19

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