US3834954A - Process for the production of a waterbearing explosive composition - Google Patents

Process for the production of a waterbearing explosive composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US3834954A
US3834954A US00231376A US23137672A US3834954A US 3834954 A US3834954 A US 3834954A US 00231376 A US00231376 A US 00231376A US 23137672 A US23137672 A US 23137672A US 3834954 A US3834954 A US 3834954A
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United States
Prior art keywords
explosive
components
explosive composition
mixture
production
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00231376A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Samuelsen
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Dyno Industrier AS
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Dyno Industrier AS
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the production of explosives which comprise a water-bearing mixture of oxidizing salts and fuel components of various kinds, constituting a viscous dispersion of solid particles in a thickened aqueous medium.
  • explosives of the stated nature are produced in two clearly different ways, viz., either in a manufacturing plant production of the complete explosive composition, which not till after a contingent storage and subsequent transport to the blasting site is placed in the borehole, or in the way that the components of the explosive, optionally in the form of certain premixtures or prepared solutions, are mixed on the site immediately in connection with the pumping of the explosive into the bore-holes.
  • the first mentioned method comprises the practice of preparing loading units, cartridges, preferably in plastic tubing, of dimensions adapted to the bore-holes in which they are to be used, as well as the practice of storing and transporting the material in essentially larger units or transport containers, from which the explosive is unloaded or pumped into the bore-holes.
  • This method is advantageous in that the composition of the explosive and the specifications thereof may be supervised more readily and be checked before use.
  • a certain disadvantage consists therein that during storage the explosive may be subject to changes in an unfavourable direction that concerns its blasting qualities as well as its consistency. The latter may be of essential importance to a rational and proper operation of the pumping and loading on the place of use.
  • Another disadvantage of the manufacturing plant production method is that the entire amount of explosive is present as a detonating explosive during storage and transport, with the corresponding safety rules.
  • the second method generally has the distinct advantage that during transport and storage no complete detonating explosive exists, since this is established only in the immediate vicinity of the bore-holes in which to be used, and immediately before it is loaded therein. This is entirely the fact when none of the components has any explosive character per se, and even if that is the case, the amount thereof, being subject to specific transporting and storing restrictions, will be substantially less than if the first mentioned method comprising plant production had been used.
  • the last mentioned method comprising production on the site, has the disadvantage that the composition of the explosive and consequently its properties, is dependent on a carefully and accurately performed metering and mixing operation on the site.
  • the 3,834,954 Patented Sept. 10, 1974 method has been characterized therein that at least one of the flow of materials to the mixing operation has been a particulate solid material, mostly the fuel components of the explosive, and often also a part of the oxidizing salts, preferably ammonium nitrate has been fed to the mixing operation as a solid substance.
  • the other quantities of salts and other water soluble components of the explosive then have constituted a solution which is included in the mixing operation as a readily pumpable flow of material.
  • the object of the present invention is to obtain the advantage of the last mentioned method as far as concerns the final explosive to be established immediately before use on the site, at the same time as the disadvantages of handling and accurate metering of the dry particulate components are eliminated.
  • the invention consists therein that the nature and amount of the components of the explosive are selected such that it may be prepared at the place of use by simple mixing of two in principle liquid, viscous or pasty, volumetrically readily metered component mixtures, the one of which in a per se known way essentially comprises an aqueous solution or dispersion of oxidizing salts, the second component mixture essentially comprising the fuel components.
  • the essential feature of the invention thus, consists in letting the fuel components of the explosive be introduced into the final mixing operation in a pumpable form.
  • a liquid phase should be included which is mixable with the salt solution constituting the liquid phase of the other pumpable component mixture.
  • a suitable dispergent medium for different solid fuel components several liquid media have been found, having in common that they consist entirely or substantially of combustible materials, and that they have a relatively high viscosity which prevents insoluble fuel particles from sedimentation.
  • ethyleneglycol thickened with small amounts of specific thickening agents such as Polyhall, Grade 295, supplied by the firm Mayhall, Switzerland or Kelsan, supplied by Kelco C0,, U.S.A. and, further, molasses and evaporated sulfite liquor from a sulfite pulping process.
  • sensitizing agents primarily either a solid substance having explosive character, preferably trinitro toluene, or finely divided, preferably flaked aluminium comes into question. It is a feature of the invention that the initiability of these sensitizing agents will be considerably reduced by being dispersed in a liquid phase, while they are, however, provid ing the final explosive mixture in which also the oxidizing salts are present, with a sufficient sensitivity towards initiation.
  • the viscous or pasty component mixture may comprise various other combustible substances, which by taking part in the reaction contribute to the generation of heat and combustion gases.
  • One group of such combustible substances comprises powders of coal, asphalt, pitch, peat, wood, cork, bark, and the like, another group comprising powders of metals such as aluminium, magnesium, silicon, boron or alloys thereof.
  • the fuel component mixture as well as the mixture of the oxidizing salts may comprise constituents which influence or stabilize the consistency of both component mixtures or of the final explosive composition, such as, e.g., thickening agents and crosslinking agents for these thickening agents, or, which influence or stabilize the content of dispersed air in the mixtures, such as dispersing agents or other surfactant agents.
  • constituents which influence or stabilize the consistency of both component mixtures or of the final explosive composition such as, e.g., thickening agents and crosslinking agents for these thickening agents, or, which influence or stabilize the content of dispersed air in the mixtures, such as dispersing agents or other surfactant agents.
  • Such substances may also be introduced separately during the final mixing operation, in case this is found advantageous.
  • the volumetric metering of the component mixtures is far more easy to perform accurately and reproducibly than metering of dry components as practiced previously.
  • gear pumps of different design will come into question.
  • a preferred means is an arrangement in which two gear pumps, one for each of the component mixtures, are driven by the same motor, and wherein the ratio between the speeds of the pumps may be varied for controlling the required mixing ratio, while the production rate of the final explosive may be varied by means of a speed variator for the motor in common.
  • An alternative arrangement consists in pumping one component mixture with varying speed, allowing a flow meter in this flow of material to control the pump speed in the second fiow of material in an adjustable, though stable condition under varying pump speeds.
  • Such arrangements are suitable both for the maintenance of the correct composition of the explosive and for adapting the production rate of the loading operation and other conditions on the site.
  • the final mixing of these two materials must be completed before the explosive is introduced into the bore hole.
  • This final mixing may be facilitated by suitable construction of the part where the flows of material are combined, e.g., by causing one flow of material to flow through a nozzle having a large number of openings, into the second flow of material. After this combination of the component mixtures they should be thoroughly blended.
  • mixing operation comprises the use of a so called static mixer, in which the total flow of material is split up and caused to change direction several times, only as a consequence of the flow movement in the two component mixtures originally effected by the pumps.
  • the two component mixtures are of substantially the same viscosity or consistency, thereby reducing essentially the risk that one of the component mixtures be present as non-dispersed lumps or local inhomogenities in the remaining mixture.
  • the invention is not limited to this example, but that it includes every production of aqueous explosives in which two viscous or pasty component mixtures are combined to form the final explosives.
  • the nitrate of lime used contains about 79% calcium nitrate, 6% ammonium nitrate and 15% water.
  • the first five components are heated under stirring to about 65 C., whereafter the two last mentioned components, the thickening agents, are dispersed in the ethylene glycol and added to the salt solution. Cooling under stirring causes initial salt precipitation at about 30 C., whereas the component mixture maintains its pumpability and character of a viscous dispersion down to between 10 C. and 20 C. By decomposition, this component mixture will during detonation place about 210 grams of oxygen per kilogram, at the disposal for the combustion of other substances.
  • Component mixture B A viscous mixture of combustible components are produced having the following composition, in parts by weight:
  • the thickening agent is dispersed in the glycol, which is heated to about 80 C., thereby producing a clear solution which after cooling has a viscosity of about 2000 cps. -In this solution the two last mentioned components are then dispersed. This component mixture needs about 1400 grams of oxygen per kilogram for complete combustion.
  • This mixture will demonstrate initial salt precipitation at about 35 C., but may, however, be pumped at temperatures down to about 20 C. It provides about 235 grams of available oxygen per kilogram.
  • Component mixture B A viscous mixture of combustible components is prepared of the following composition:
  • Both of the here mentioned exposives will detonate completely in an about 75 mm. diameter charge column at about C. when initiating with a pentolite primer.
  • a process for producing a water-bearing exposive composition which comprises (a) preparing a viscous aqueous dispersion comprising water and the oxidizing components of the explosive composition,
  • step a (b) preparing a viscous dispersion of the oxygen consuming components of the explosive composition, containing as a major component a water-soluble combustible liquid and having a viscosity substantially the same as that of the dispersion prepared in step a, and
  • oxidizing components are the nitrates of ammonia, sodium and calcium.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
US00231376A 1971-03-10 1972-03-02 Process for the production of a waterbearing explosive composition Expired - Lifetime US3834954A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO0907/71A NO125970B (en, 2012) 1971-03-10 1971-03-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3834954A true US3834954A (en) 1974-09-10

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ID=19877872

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00231376A Expired - Lifetime US3834954A (en) 1971-03-10 1972-03-02 Process for the production of a waterbearing explosive composition

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US3834954A (en, 2012)
AU (1) AU470938B2 (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE780542A (en, 2012)
CA (1) CA975178A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH569678A5 (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE2211527A1 (en, 2012)
DK (1) DK128203B (en, 2012)
ES (1) ES400584A1 (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR2128859B1 (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB1364772A (en, 2012)
IT (1) IT952151B (en, 2012)
NO (1) NO125970B (en, 2012)
ZA (1) ZA721303B (en, 2012)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4084993A (en) * 1976-07-15 1978-04-18 Cook Melvin A Stable blasting slurry

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3447978A (en) * 1967-08-03 1969-06-03 Atlas Chem Ind Ammonium nitrate emulsion blasting agent and method of preparing same
GB1200860A (en) * 1968-10-07 1970-08-05 Canadian Ind Explosive compositions

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4084993A (en) * 1976-07-15 1978-04-18 Cook Melvin A Stable blasting slurry

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2211527A1 (de) 1972-09-14
IT952151B (it) 1973-07-20
FR2128859A1 (en, 2012) 1972-10-20
BE780542A (fr) 1972-07-03
ES400584A1 (es) 1975-01-16
CH569678A5 (en, 2012) 1975-11-28
FR2128859B1 (en, 2012) 1976-06-11
GB1364772A (en) 1974-08-29
AU3988672A (en) 1973-09-13
ZA721303B (en) 1972-11-29
CA975178A (en) 1975-09-30
NO125970B (en, 2012) 1972-12-04
DK128203B (da) 1974-03-18
AU470938B2 (en) 1973-09-13

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