Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
  • B23P17/00—Metal-working operations, not covered by a single other subclass or another group in this subclass
  • B23P17/04—Metal-working operations, not covered by a single other subclass or another group in this subclass characterised by the nature of the material involved or the kind of product independently of its shape
  • B23P17/06—Making steel wool or the like
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12424—Mass of only fibers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12465—All metal or with adjacent metals having magnetic properties, or preformed fiber orientation coordinate with shape

Definitions

• United States Patent 6 Claims ABSTRACTOF THE DESCLOSURE invention relates t o a stainless steel material in wire-shaped form suitable for usejnthe production of steel wool ,by shaving, .Which, has Tanelongated grain in the longitudinal direction.
• Shaving steel materials is however not a simple procedure.
• the shaving speed, the angle of incidence of the shaving tool with thedirection" of shaving, and the sharpness of the cutting edge of the tool itself must be selected .w' h' ritical and narrow ranges in order to obtain satis' ry results. Failure to select suitably may lead to uniredlffvibrationsandshdcks between the tool and the tie being shaved. This may result in rapid wear or ractureof the' cu'ttin g tool'and irregularities in the bf'ithe stiructure being shaved, thus preventing er shaving.
• the desired quality of the steel wool generally requiresthe shavings to be long and not too tightly curled.
• the section is treated with an etching material and the average lengZh-to-breadth ratio is calculated for a representative number of grain sections which are visible under a microscope.
• This average value is hereinafter called the degree of elongation, and it is represented by V in the following formula:
• references herein to structures having an elongated grain refer to structures in which the values of V are greater than 1.3.
• stainless steels suitable for the purpose are those which in addition to chromium and any carbon present contain various alloying elements such as for example nickel, manganese, silicon, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, phosphorus and titanium within certain limits. Typically, such alloying elements may be present in the following amounts with iron being the major component:
• stainless steel may contain other alloying elements and incidental ingredients as desired.
• nickel is advantageously used as an austenizing agent. It is known that the minimum amount of nickel necessary to obtain an austenitic stainless steel fluctuates lightly in dependence on the amounts of the various other .elements present. These values are known or can easily be found for any type of stainless steel. Any amount above this minimum amount is called hereinafter an austeniaing amount of nickel.
• General purpose stainless steel usually contains a minimum amount of about 7% by weight of nickel Below this lower limit, the steel usually becomes ferritic. i
• the present invention is based upon the discovery that shaving of steel wool may be aided by incorporating sulphur and/or selenium into the steel in an amount above the normal residual levels and also by including nickel and/or manganese in the steel in an amount dependent upon the amount of sulphur and selenium present.
• a stainless steel material suitable for use in the production of steel wool or other steel filaments which has an elongated grain in a given direction with a degree of elongation greater than 1.3, and which contains, in an amount of more than 0.04% by weight, at least one of the elements of the group sulphur and selenium and further contains at least one of the elements of the group comprising nickel and manganese in a total amount which is at least 1.7 times the weight of any sulphur present plus 0.7 times the weight of any selenium present.
• the invention is used in, and comprises the process of production of stainless steel wool, which comprises shavmg the steel wool from the above mentioned material, in substantially the same direction as the direction of grain elongation.
• the invention also comprises the above men tioned material, in wire-shaped form as defined herein above and having an elongated grain substantially in the direction of the wire, which is a very suitable form for being produced by cold drawing and for being shaved afterwards.
• the invention also comprises the process of production of stainless steel wool, which comprises cold drawing, through a drawing die, a stainless steel wire which has the above mentioned composition, which cold drawing has a drawing reduction sutficient to obtain an elongated grain in the direction of the wire with a degree of elongation of more than 1.3, and subsequently shaving the drawn wire in the direction of the wire.
• the invention comprises further the steel wool obtained by the invention, which comprises a number of filaments and which has an elongated grain substantially in the longitudinal direction of said filaments and with a degree of elongation greater than 1.3 and having the above mentioned steel composition.
• steel woo-l is generally composed of one or more slivers of substantially parallel running filaments of metallic shavings.
• not more than 0.50% by weight of sulphur or not more than 0.400.50% by weight of selenium are added to the stainless steel. Higher amounts of sulphur and selenium may lead to brittleness in the stainless steel and this may make elongation difficult. However, higher amounts of sulphur and selenium may, if desired be used provided the steel may satisfactorily be shaved. It is not advisable to include much more manganese than the amount which is able to combine with the sulphur or selenium, because the residual manganese would add to the hardness of the steel.
• the wireshaped steel material having an elongated grain structure and according to the present invention differs from the similar materials hitherto known, since the known stainless steels available with elongated grain structure only contain residual amounts of unavoidable sulphur or selenium (less than 0.04% in weight).
• the steelaccording to the present invention contains at' least one of .th'os le-. ments at a higher concentration than 0.04% by weight.
• Austenitic stainless steels containing a large amount of nickel, for example 7% by weight or more may-be produced using either sulphur or selenium.
• Such commercially available stainless steels however generally still include suflicient manganese, to permit the sulphur and, or selenium to combine preferentially with manganese.
• the method of producing an elongatedgrain structure is generally not critical to the present invention and ,it may be obtained, for example, by stretching cold rolling or preferably by drawing a wire through drawingv dies.
• the material can, for example, be in the form of a bar having a cross sectional width of a .few centimeters, a strip, or a block, but will preferably be in the form of a wire having a diameter of a fewmillimeters.
• This wire as a starting material for steel wool factories, can be delivered by wire-drawing mills in coils and within a protecting packing. i. i I 8 Y Y
• the invention further provides filaments obtained by shaving the stainless steel according to the invention.
• Such filaments can have any cross-sectional shape and conveniently have a cross-sectional area of no more than a circular wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm.
• the filaments may readily be produced using the steel of the present invention.
• Such filaments in general have a rugged outer sur face which provides an angular cross-section which .is un-, polished and rough and not smooth like drawn wire.
• Table I lists the compositions of three stain-, less steels according to the invention.
• Table.II lists the conditions under which an elongated grain structure may be obtained for the various compositions given in Table I. All percentages are by weight unless otherwise stated.
• Example 2 Example 3 Initial diameter of wire rods (mm.) 8 5. 5. 5 Number of drawing steps before annealing None 3 9 4 Intermediate diameters (mm) 4i ii'g Annealing before further drawing and annealing temperature, 0. None 1, 100 1, 100 Subsequent number of drawing steps 9 4 3 7. 03 6. 5. 4O 3. 58- 3. 3. 20-2. 86 Intermedlate dlameters -4,75 4 17 3 e5 0 .4150 3. 20 2. 83- 2. 60 inal diameter (mm.) 2.60 2. 60 2. 60 9. 50 2.37 1. 90
• a wire-shaped stainless steel material suitable for use in the production of steel wool by shaving which has an elongated grain substantially in the longitudinal direction of the wire with a degree of elongation greater than 1.3, and which contains, in an amount of more than 0.04% by weight, at least one of the elements of the group comprising sulphur and selenium, and further contains at least one of the elements of the group comprising nickel and manganese in a total amount which is at least 1.7 times the weight of any sulphur present plus 0.7 times the weight of any selenium present.
• a stainless steel material according to Claim 1 characterized in that it contains an austenizing amount of nickel and between 0.04 and 0.5% by weight of one of the elements of the group comprising sulphur and selenium.
• a stainless steel material according to Claim 1 characterized in that it contains between 0.04 and 0.5% by weight of sulphur, manganese in an amount of twice to nine times the weight of sulphur and not more than a residual amount of nickel.
• a stainless steel material in the form of steel wool comprising a number of filaments, which has an elongated grain substantially in the longitudinal direction of said filaments and with a degree of elongation greater than 1.3, and which contains, in an amount of more than 0.04% by weight, at least one of the elements of the group comprising sulphur and selenium, and further contains at least one of the elements of the group comprising nickel and manganese in a total amount which is at least 1.7 times the weight of any sulphur present plus 0.7 times the weight of any selenium present.
• a stainless steel material according to Claim 4 characterized in that said stainless steel. contains an austenizing amount of nickel and between 0.04 and 0.5% by weight of one of the elements of the group comprising sulphur and selenium.
• a stainless steel material according to Claim 4 characterized in that said stainless steel contains between 0.04 and 0.5 by weight of sulphur, manganese in an amount of twice to nine times the weight of sulphur, and not more than a residual amount of nickel.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
• Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
• Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=10295625

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (5)

• 1971
  • 1971-06-24 GB GB2969471A patent/GB1350837A/en not_active Expired
• 1972
  • 1972-06-22 FR FR727222492A patent/FR2143256B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1972-06-22 LU LU65579D patent/LU65579A1/xx unknown
  • 1972-06-23 BE BE785306A patent/BE785306A/fr unknown
  • 1972-06-23 DE DE19722230873 patent/DE2230873A1/de active Pending
  • 1972-06-23 IT IT51107/72A patent/IT958508B/it active
  • 1972-06-23 BR BR4121/72A patent/BR7204121D0/pt unknown
  • 1972-06-23 CA CA145,541A patent/CA947462A/en not_active Expired
  • 1972-06-23 ZA ZA724353A patent/ZA724353B/xx unknown
  • 1972-06-26 US US00266048A patent/US3834878A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Also Published As

Similar Documents