US383363A - Magazine fire arm - Google Patents

Description

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J. P. LEE. MAGAZINE PIRE ARM.

Patented May Z2, 1888.

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J. P. LEE.

MAGAZINE FIRE ARM.

No. 383,363. Eatented May 22, 1888.

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MAGAZINE FIRE ARM.

Patented' May 22, 1888.

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J. P. LEE.

MAGAZINE PIRE'ARM.

No. 333,333. Patented May 22, 1833.

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MAGAZINE PIRE ARM.

No. 888,888. Patented May 22, 1888..v

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J. P. LEE.

MAGAZINE PIRE ARM.

No. 333,333. I `Patented May 22, 1338.

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Patented Mey 22, 1888.

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MAGAZINE PIRE ARM.'

No. 383,333. Patented May 22, 1888.

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J. P. LEE. MAGAZINE PIRE ARM.

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AMANA 45 9 Fig. 13 is an elevation of the left-hand side of UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES r.- LEE, or NEW YORK, N. Y.

MAGAZINE FIRE-ARM.

SPECIPICAJJION forming part of Letters Patent No. 383,363, dated May 22, 1888. Applii-,ation'fllcd November 9, 1887. Serial No. 254.716. (No model.) Patented in England August 1S, i887, No. 11,319.

To all whom, #may concern: y

Bc it known that l, J AMES P. LEE,enginecr,

` a citizen of the United States of America, and

side elevation.

a resident of' New York, United States of America, have invented new and usef'ul Improvements in and relating to Magazine and other FireA rms, (for which I have obtai ned a patent inv Great-Britain, No. 11,819, and August 18, 1887,)of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to magazine-rifles and other fire-arms of the kind or class described in the specification of former Letters Patent, dated November 4,A. AD. 187 9, No; 221,328, and ischiefly designed toimprove the construction and increase theefficeney of such fire-arms.

My said invention comprises various improvements, hereinafter described, and illustrated' in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figurelis a plan, and Fig. 1 is a sectional detail; Fig. 2, a side elevation of part of a iuagazi nerifle embodying my present improvements, showing the said gun with the breech open. Fig. 3 is a side elevation showing the said gun with the breech closed. Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal central section of the breech-bolt, some of the parts being shown iu Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of the head of the breech-bolt on the linea: w, Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrow 1, the extractor being removed. Fig. Gis a horizontal section on the line mw, Fig. 4, looking in the reverse direction to that' indicated by the said arrow, the extractor` being shown in plan. Fig. 7 is a rear end elevation of the head of -the breechfbolt detached, and Fig. 8 is a rear cnd elevation of the body of the breech-bolt. the magazine; and Fig. 10 is a transverse section of the gun at the forward end of the trigger-guard, showing a catch, hereinafter described. Fig. 11 is. a plan, and Fig. -12 a side elevation, showing a modified form of my gun.

part of the shoe or body of the gun. Fig. 14 isa transverse section on the line x w', Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a plan of a guide and spring, hereinafterdescribed.' Fig. 16 is a plan, and Fig. 17 aver-tical longitudinal central section,

v of a magazine, hereinafter described. Fig. 18

Fig. 9 is a rear end elevation of is a transverse section on thelinezv4 41:2, Fig. 17.l Fig. 19 is a plan, and Fig. 20 a side elevation, of a follower, hereinafter described. Fig. 21 is a plan, and Fig. 22 a vertical longitudinalv central section, showing a modification of the magazinespring and follower. Fig. 23isa plan,` and Fig. 24 a vertical longitudinalcen-tralsection,of another modification thereof. Fig. 25'is a vertical longitudinal central section showing another form or modification of my rifle. Fig. 26 is a transverse section on the'liue ai x3, Fig. 25. Fig. 27 is a side elevation, and Fig.` 28 au end elevatiou,showing details of construction.v

Figs. 27l and 28 `are similar views to Figs. 27

and 28, showing another modification of my invention. Fig. 29 is a front end elevation of the breech-bolt, the extractor being removed. Fig. 29 is an elevation of the breeeirblnek head s liown iu Fig. 29. Fig. 30 isalongitudinal section, and Fig. 31 au end elevation, of a shield or cover, hereinafter described, for pro'- jecting the breech-bolt aga-mst sand,dust, and rain. Fig. 32 is an end elevation ofthe breechbolt, showiuga modified forni of the said shield or cover attached thereto. Fig. 33 is a horizontal section showing an improved ejector, hereinafter described. Fig. 34 is a horizontal section showing means f'or permitting the escape o f gas at the forward. end of the breechbolt, as hereinafter described.

Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.

A is the stock, B the barrel, and B the shoe or body, of the gun. C is the breech-bolt, which is made with a. removable head, c.

D is the firing-piu, wluchis fitted nol time longitudinally in the said bolt and is provided with a spring, d.

E is the extractor, which is constructed and arranged as hereinafter described, so that the stronger the backward pull on thebreech-bolt thetighter the extractor will grip the car- .tridge-ilange-that is to say, the extractor E is made with a hooked rear end, as shown, and the head c of the breech-bolt G is formed with a recess or cavity,c, into which the said hooked end of the extractor is fitted in such a manner that the hook E will engage with a hook, c, on the head c. The point where the extremity of' the hook E' bears against the head c serves as a fulcrum, upon or about which the extractor 6o of the said lever.

may turn to permit its hook E2 to pass over the flange of a cartridge. This point is nearer the axis of the breech-bolt than the hook E2. Therefore, as the breech-bolt moves backward, draw- 5 ing the empty cartridge-ease with it, the pull on the extractor will tend to keepthe same in engagement with the flange of the said cartridge-case.

The head c of the breech-bolt C is formed or ro provided with a hollow projection, c, in such a position that the open side of the said' projection will be in contact with the adjacent side of the extractor. A peculiarlyshaped spring,

c, is so arranged in the cavity of the said holvlow projection c3 that one of its ends extends outward into a slot `or notch, E, in the exl tractor E, while the other end of the said spring is held or supported so that the said spring tends to keep the hook E2 of the ex zo tract-or` in engagement with a cartridge-ange. The said extractor is formed with a beveled extension; E4, which, when the head c of the v breech-bolt is inserted in the body thereof,

will project into a recess, 0*, in the said body of the bolt, and will thus be so connected with the bolt that it cannot be detached therefrom except when the head of the bolt is removed from the body thereof.u By these means vI provide for keeping the extractor and its spring 3o in place without the use of screws or the like, thereby greatly facilitating the operations of taking the gun to pieces and putting it together again.

The forward end of the body of the bolt C is -3,5 so formed that when the said bolt is turned into its locking position its forward end will act as a cam upon the rear end of the extractor E and will force'it into engagement with the flange of a cartridge in thebarrel, (should the 4o extractor-spring fail to act,) and will securely retain the said extractor in engagement with the lcartridge-flange until the bolt C is turned to open the breech.

I employ leverscrews for securing the ends 5 or heads upon the body of the bolt and upon the firing pin or striker-that is to say,rin stead of using ordinary screws having the usual saw-eut for the introduction of a screwdriver, I employ screws 4provided with spring-y levers, so that the parts can-be readily counected or separated'without the use of a screwdriver or other tool. The head c ofthe breech bolt is formed with a recess, c5, into which the end of a lever-screw,"e, is adapted to enter when the parts are properly fitted and secured together. The screw e is provided with a le-y ver, e', having a projection, e, which fits into a corresponding recess in the rib Col thebolt C, and' thus prevents accidental displacement Thelever e is made to act as a spring to hold the projection ez in the said recess. The screw c is made of such pitch that only one revolution or a part -of a revolution thereof will be required to withdraw' the end thereof from the recess c5, and thus permit the removal of the end or head c from the bolt C. The recess c5 extends partially around the head c,so as to permitthe tu rning of thebreechbolt to open the breech. rlhe end or head D' of the tiring-pin or striker D 'is secured to the 7o said firing-pin in substantially the same manner by means of a lever-screw, e3. The said head is, however, screwed upon the firing-pin, as shown at D, before being secured by means ofthe said lever-screw.

`The handle C2, by which the breech-bolt C is operated, is curved, as shown in Fig. 8, so that the thumb of the right hand can be placed thereon while the trigger is being pulled. By this means I obvliate anyliability to accidental unlocking of the breech-bolt while the gun is being fired. The head or knob C3 of the said handle is 'preferably fitted to rotate upon a pin' or stud in the end thereof, as shown in Fig. 8.

I also` provide-means for enabling the head c of the breech-bollito be used as awrench for screwing the firing-pilier striker'D into its head or cocking-piece D and unscrewing it therefrom.I For thisl purpose the rear end of the head c of the breech-bolt is formed with a transverse groove or'4 recess, c, and the forward end of the firingpin or striker is provided with a transverse-rib or projection, D, which fits into the said groove or recess. When it is required to remove the head D from the firing-pin or striker D,`the lever-screws e e", above described, are slackened, and the head c of the bolt and the head -D' of the firing-pin are turned in oppositedirectons until the said' head Dis nnscrewed from the firing-pin. By 1 the reverse of this operation the' ring-pin may be screwed into the head thereof.I

` From the foregoing description it will be seen that the breech mechanism can be readily taken to pieces and put together again without the use of tools. 1

rlhe magazine F is inserted in an aperture in the under side of the gun, immediately in front of the triggerguard'fG, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the mouth of the'l said magazine .coinciding with an aperture in the under side of the shoe or body B. For retaining the said magazine in place when applied to the gun,`I provide a catch, j', which is' fitted'to slide in a dovetail transverse slot or groove, g, iu the trigger-guard G, and is acted upon by a spring, j", whereby it is held in such a position that a projection, f 2, on the said catch engages with a shoulder, f, on the magazine. The ejector is inclined and roughened, so that when the breech-bolt is drawn back and an empty cartridge-shell extracted the fiange of the said shell will come in contact with the roughened inclined surface of the ejector and will be thrown out of the gun.

instead of making the gunstock in one piece, as heretofore, I sometimes form the said stock in two pieces. To provide for theattachment of these pieces to the shoe or body of the gun, I form the said shoe or body with lateral projections B2, Figs. 11 and 12, the exterior surfaces of which are flush with the-outer surface of the stock...v The rear portion of the ySo stock is secured to theshoe or'body of the gun by'nieaiis of a screw or screw-bolt, H, inserted into the stock from the rear end thereof and screwed into a lug, B3, on the said shoe or body. The other part of the stock is slotted or forked. The forward part of the shoe or body of the gun is fitted into it, as shown.

In the said former specification a curved sliding shield is described for closing the mouth of the magazine, and thus enabling the gun to be 'used as a single-loader, while a number of cartridges is held in reserve in the magazine. This shield has heretofore been arranged to be partially rotated eoncenti'icall y, or nearly so, with the axis of the breeclibol't, so that when the'inagazine was open the said shield extended above the breech-bolt. With the breech-boltconstrncted as herein described a shield so arranged could not be used. My present invention therefore comprises the construction and arrangement of a shield of this kind in such a manner that it can be readily moved into and out of its operati ve posiforni of myimprovedsliield.

4arranged to .slide in a slot in the side of the v of the magazine.

the front wall of the magazine,

tion and will at all times be clear of the breechbolt. The said shield is made so that it moves eceeiitrically to the breeeli-bolt'and can be operated from one side of the gun. -ll/Ioreover, I provide a spring whereby the said shield will he retained at either extremity of its movement.

In Figs. 13, v14, and 15 I have shown one lliis shield l is shoe or body B and is formed with an exten sion, I, whieh works in a guide, J, attached to the said shoe or body. A spring, K, is ar ranged withinvthe said guido and is provided with a projection, K', adapted to enterone or the other of-two depressions in the extension l', and thus retain the said shield I at either extremity of its movement.

To reduce the cost of the cartridge-holders or magazines, I sometimes'make the same of skeleton forni. For instance, I make a niagazine' from a U-sliaped or channeled bar, the flanges of which are suitablycut, and which is bent or curved to the required shape, and then has its ends united by means of flat bars or by means of a metal cap forming the top of mouth InFigs. 16, 17, and'18 I have shown a niagazine so constructed. F is the body of `the -inagazine, which is formed from a channeled bar, and F2 is a metal cap uniting the ends of the said bar and forming the top or mouth of the magazine. The sides of the said cap may, if desired, be corrugated, as shown in Fig. 18, to increase the rigidity thereof.

' In some instances I use a curved or parf tially-coiled spring, K, for feeding or moving the cartridges upwardin the magazine. This spring is bent at one end and secured upon as shown. It bears at its other end against the under side ofa follower, L,.this end of the said spring being slotted, if desired, so that it will engage with the said follower. 'llie follower li is made with lateral projections L', and the edges of the channel-bar F are turned orr bent inward, as shown at Il, so that they may engage with theprojections li and .thus guide the fol lower L in its upward and downward nievements; or I provide other suitable guides on the sides of the magazine to engage with the ward and thus freed from the action ot' the breech-bolt thereon when thrusting the cartridge into the barrel.

The spring K is so niade that when the niagazine is full of cartiidges the said spring will extend around the inner side of the front wall and bottom of the magazine, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 17, and will therefore occupy a very small. space therein. I am thus en# abled to make the. magazine more compact than heretofore. times made .with a rigid straight portion, K', Figs. 21 and22, which, when the magazine is fullof cartridges, extends along the bottom of the said magazine, Fig. 22. Moreover, the saidspring is in some instances connected wil li the follower by means of a piu oi' rod, TK, fixed in the said spring and working in a slot, L'Qiii the said follower. lu other instances l'- use two springs, K, as shown in Figs, 23 and 24. Each of these springs is made of wire and is secured to the front wall Aof the magazine, as shown. The said springs have two or more coils or turns at K, which give them the required elasticity. The free end of each spring is bent, as at K", andworks in theslot L'l ofthe follower L.

In Figs. 25 to 29 I have shown a rifle of small caliber. 'llie extractor E is pivotcd to the head c ofthe breeclrbolt., substantially as hereinbefore described.

In this form of my invention I have shown the extractor-hook as -sccured in place by a rod, M, fitted to slide longitudinally in a hole in the rib C of the breecli-boltand acted upon by a spring, M', situated within the said hole, which spring tends to press the said rod against the extractor, and thus causes the said extractor to engage with and hold it in engagement with the` flange of a cartridge. The rod M is made with a lateral that it will always act upon the extractor, notwithstanding the turning of the breech-bolt into and out of its locking position.

To attach the head c to the bodyl of the brcech-bolt j', I sonietinies form lateral projections c on that part of the head which tits as shown by dotted linesin 'llie said spring is some- IOO projection, M2, so

into the body, and I form in the body an aunular groove, es, and longitudinal slots of), extending from the said annular groove to the forward end of the body of the bolt. By inserting the head into the body so that the projections c'I pass through the slots c into the annular grooveo, and then turning the head through an angle of ninety degrees, the head may be securely attached to the body. It is evident 'that' as the body of the bolt only requires to be turned through a small angle to move it into or out of vits locking position., the

turning thereof for this purpose will not dis- Y engage itfrom the head.

'The lparts should be so constructed that when the body of the bolt is in position to vbe drawn back the projections c7 on the head will be fully in engagement with the groove c in the body of the bolt, and the head and body tion of an empty cartridge-shell.

It is obvious that any desired number of projections c7' and grooves o8 may be provided for the purpose above specied.

I sometimes provide a shield or vcover-such as that shown in Figs. 30 and 31--which is arranged to slide to and fro with the breech-bolt, and which prevents the entrance of sand, dust, or rain into the shoe or body B. This shield or cover, in the gun shown in Figs. 25 to 29, consists of a curved plate provided with a projection, N. The head c of the bolt is made will thus securely connect during the extracf with a groove, c", extending partially around the same, and with a longitudinal slot, ci?, extending from the said groove to the rear end of the head. The projection N is to be passed through this slot into the groove om, so that although the shield or cover N will be moved .to and fro with the breech-bolt, it can be readil y removed therefrom withoutthe use of tools. The said shield or cover is, moreover, made with an internal projection, N2, with which the rib C of the bolt is adapted to engage, so that it secures the head of the breechbolt to the body thereof. To provide for effectually holding down the breech-bolt, I form on the shield orcover N a longitudinal rib, N, adapted to slide in a groove in the shoe or body B.

In some instances I firmly attach the shield or cover to the rib C of the breech-bolt, as shown in Fig. 32. In this case the said shield `or cover turns with the breech-bolr,aud is made of such width that it will cover the said bolt in any position thereof and of such internal diameter that it will [it or approximately [it the circular part of the shoe or body of the In Fig. 33 I have shown an-improved ejector,

y Awhich comprises a spring, O, attached to the shoe or body 4Lan-d having at its free end a sind, O', which extends through a hole inthe said shoe or body into the path of a cartridgeshell as itis extracted. The inner surface' of the said stud is inclined and roughened, substantially as hereinafter described with reference to the ejector. shown in .Figs. I to 7. I

sometimes employ, in combination with the said spring-ejector, a pin or stud, O2, formed A or fixed in the shoe or body of the gumso that incase the spring-extractor should fail to act the empty shell will be ejected by the said pin or stud. I sometimes form a roughened-- inclined projection on the shoe or body of the gun, as shown at O in Figs. 1 and 2, for the purpose of ejecting the empty cartridge-shells. Thetlange of the cartridge-shell will come in contact with the roughened inclined surface of the said projectiomand will thereby be thrown laterally out of the gun, and the'farther the said shell is drawn backward the greater will be the force exerted to ejectv the said shell.

To obviate any inconveniences arising from the pressure exerted upon the firing-pin by the gas liberated by the explosion of a cartridge in the barrel, I form a hole, c, in the forwardl end of the head of the breech-bolt, as shown in Fig. 34, and I form another hole, B", in the shoe or body B', as shown in Fig. 25. When the breech is closed, these holes will coincide l with each other. The hole c extends into the central hole for the firing-pin a short distance in front ef the part thereof of larger diameter. Therefore any gas which may pass through the base of the cartridge shell will escape through theholes cl2 B, and will thus be prevented from acting upon the larger part of the tiring-pin.

What I .claim is 1. The combination of a breech-block head having hollow radial projection-c, an extractor alongside the projection interlocked with the head, and a spring in the hollbw projection to hold the extractor in place. and to its work,

whereby the parts maybe assembled and held together without the use of separate tools, substantially as described.

2. The combi natiomwith thehcad of a breechboltmovable with relation tothe body thereof and provided with a hollow radial projection for a spring andV a recess for the extractor, as'

ITO

described, of the extractor having an arm extendinginward beyondthe hook and a spring arranged in said hollow projection to hold the extractor in its place and to its work, substantially as' described.

3. The combination described'of the head and body of a breech-bolt radially movable with respect vto each other and an extractor whose shank or body is of general bell-crank form and seated between such parts, whereby the forward end of the body of said bolt serves as a cam for forcing the extractiug-l1ook`into engagement with the flange of a cartridge as the said bolt is turned into locking position, substantially as described,

4. In a tire-arm, the combination of the frame lor shoe, a trigger-guard provided with groove `or slot, a transversely -sliding spring stop,

and a magazine having a lugff, engaged thereby for securing the magazine to the gun, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with a breech-bolt and extractor, of a shoe or receiver having an inclined roughened projection or stud therein in IZO line with the cartridge being' extracted to env gage the saine when Withdrawn by the extractor and to assist in ejeoting it, and for the purposes specified.

6. The combination, with the shoe or receiver of a inagazine-gun and a magazine adapted to hold the cartridges side byside and feed them sidcwiscto the gun, of the curved cut-olf or arch-shaped gate having the chord ol' its are arranged at an angle of about forty iive degrees, oscillatingacross the month of the magazine, substantially as described.

I. ceiver, oi' an inclined roughened spring-stud in line with the cartridge being retracted to engage the saine when withdrawn by the cX- tractor for automatically ejecting it from the gun, as speci fied.

S. ihe combination, with a breech-bolt hav-v ing a head provided with `annular groove 0" and longitudinal groove c", connecting With the saine, ol' a shield or cover provided with projection N', whereby the shield is detaehablyv connected with said bolt, as set forth.

9. 'lhe combination, with a breech-bolt having a projection, l', and ahead provided with annular l:groove c and'longitnd inal groove c,

The combination with the shoe or re-` connecting therewith, lof a shield or cover p rovided with projections N2 and N', engaging such projection and grooves, respectively, whereby said shield is detachably connectedv with the bolt and the body and head of the bolt are secured together, substantially as de-v scribed. v

10. The combination of the shoe or body of a gun, provided with a longitudinal groove along,` the inside thereof, va breech-bolt, and a shield or cover engaging said bolt, having a rib, N", to ii't in the groove in the shoe for holding the bolt in position, substantially as described.

1l. The combination of a brecclibolt prei: y

vided with a lateral opening and a shoe or body of the gun, provided with an opening 0rpassage registering therewith when the bolt is locked, for the escape of gas from dcfectlvc or ruptured cartridges, as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my nanie in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

J. l. LEE. Witnesses:

DAVID YOUNG, C. JUNGE.

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