US3832435A - Process for the manufacture of crimped fibers and filaments of linear high molecular weight polymers - Google Patents

Process for the manufacture of crimped fibers and filaments of linear high molecular weight polymers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3832435A
US3832435A US00158212A US15821271A US3832435A US 3832435 A US3832435 A US 3832435A US 00158212 A US00158212 A US 00158212A US 15821271 A US15821271 A US 15821271A US 3832435 A US3832435 A US 3832435A
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cylinder
filaments
crimp
speed
temperature
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US00158212A
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English (en)
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G Bauer
L Kramer
H Kuhn
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/22—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool
    • D01D5/23—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool by asymmetrical cooling of filaments, threads, or the like, leaving the spinnerettes

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Fibers and filaments of linear high molecular weight polyesters and copolyesters having a latent threedimensional crimp are produced by passing the spun filaments after their exit from the spinneret, over a rotating cooled cylinder at a temperature at which they do no longer stick on to the cylinder but are not fully cooleddown.
  • the cylinder has a temperature in the range of from 15 to 90C and rotates at a circumferential speedU of from V/SOto V -V/90, V, being the draw off speed of the filaments.
  • the filaments are in contact with a surface section of the cylinder the length of which is determined by a contact angle of 10 to 150.
  • the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of fibers and filaments of linear, high molecular weight polyesters and copolyesters having a latent, three-dimensional crimp and to a device suitable for carrying out the said process.
  • the known methods permit, with more or less success, the manufacture of low titre, melt-spun filaments of linear, high molecular weight polymers having a spiral r helical crimp. With high titres, these methods do not yield filaments with satisfactory crimp.
  • the known modes of operation are not suitable to produce a sufficient gradient of birefringence over the cross section of the filament because the contact between the filament and the cooling device is not intense and effective enough.
  • the present invention provides a process and a device for the manufacture of fibers and filaments of high molecular weight polyesters and copolyesters, especially polyethylene terephthalate, which fibers and filaments have a latent three-dimensional crimp and a final titre in the range of from 4 to 300 dtex. Dtex is the weight of 10,000 m. of filament.
  • the first cooled cylinder has a diameter of 0.3 10 to 20 10 mm, preferably 1.7 lO to 4.0 10 mm and the second cylinder has a diameter of 0.3 10 to 1 10 mm, preferably 0.3 10 to 0.9 10 mm.
  • the circumferential speed of the second cylinder is preferably in the range of from 0 to l 10 m/min, more preferably 0 to 0.9 10 m/min.
  • the process of the invention yields especially valuable fibers and filaments from a high molecular weight linear polyester having a specific viscosity above 0.5, preferably above 0.8, measured with a l percent by weight solution of the polymer in phenol/tetrachloroethane in a weight ratio of 3 2 2. After drawing, the polyester filaments have a final titre of 4 to 300 dtex.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of the device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the device and
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of a filament with different zones of orientation and crystallization.
  • the polyester is melted in known manner with the aid of a melting grate or on an extruder and the melt is passed through a spinneret having such a number of orifices that the filaments 2, after having left the spinneret 1, lie side by side on cylinder 3 without disturbing each other, so that they cannot stick together while they travel over the surface of the cylinder.
  • the orifices are preferably displaced with respect to one another. Their number thus depends on the diameter of the spinneret and the width of the cylinder. Further definitions are given in the examples.
  • Cylinder 3 is installed below spinneret 1 at such a distance (a) that the spun filaments 2 when striking the surface of cylinder 3 are cooled at a temperature at which they are no longer sticky but at which orientation and crystallization can still be influenced by quenching.
  • the cylinder should have a surface such that a good contact with the filaments is ensured as long as they are on the cylinder but that they readily detach when leaving it.
  • the cylinder preferably has a mat chromium plated surface.
  • Distance (a) depends on the titre, the spinning temperature and the circumferential speed U of cylinder 3 in the manner described in the paragraph dealing with the influence of the spinning parameters and it can easily be adjusted empirically. It should be as small as possible.
  • a cooling medium is passed through which may be either liquid or gaseous. In most cases tap water or desalted water will be used, which is supplied and withdrawn centrically 7,8.
  • Cylinder 3 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. I and has a drive of its own.
  • Cylinder 4 preferably has the same mat chromium plated surface as large cylinder 3 and is cooled by a cooling medium supplied and discharged centrically 9, l0. Cylinder 4 advantageously has approximately the same surface temperature as cylinder 3, is driven by its own drive in the direction of the arrow indicated in FIG. I. In the preferred variant it has a circumferential speed of to l 10 preferably 0 to 0.9 10 m/min.
  • the distance is defined by the fact that with a position of cylinders 3 and 4 with respect to one another with a contact angle a of 90 a distance b which is larger as defined above causes the filaments to break.
  • the distance between the two cylinders may be the larger the closer the direction of the filaments between the two cylinders comes to the perpendicular (a 0).
  • the bundle of cooled filaments 5 is passed over a guide 6 or another deflection roll and wound up or laid down in a spinning pot without having passed a draw off shaft within a length of 10 to meters as otherwise necessary with coarse filaments, suitably after having been treated with a known antistatic and antiadhesive preparation.
  • the spinning tow obtained in this manner can be drawn as usual, for example between drawing elements with the aid of saturated vapor or superheated steam, warm water or hot air. It is also possible to heat part or all of the godets of the intake unit.
  • the three-dimensional crimp can be released either in the tow or in the cut fibers in the apparatus used in the manufacture of synthetic fibers for setting the crimp in the stuffing chamber and eliminating too large a shrinkage.
  • the tow (with an advance of about 1 7) or the flock can be passed, for example, on a conveyor belt through a zone of hot air or superheated steam.
  • the heat treatment is carried out to avoid too large a shrinkage by anticipation, whereby asymmetrically oriented fibers acquire a spiral crimp.
  • the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature in the range of from to 230C, preferably to 160C.
  • a temperature in the range of from to 230C, preferably to 160C.
  • air, steam, liquids or heated surfaces may be used.
  • the various spinning parameters decisively influence the properties of the crimped fibers obtained.
  • a high specific viscosity of the starting material means a high melt viscosity and simultaneously a higher spinning tension (measured between guide 6 and the pull-off godet before the winding up.
  • a higher spinning tension reduces the danger of sticking of the spun filaments on the cylinder 3 and thus permits a reduction of the distance a whereby, on the one hand, the filaments are quenched by cooling cylinder 3 while having a higher temperature so that the difference in temperature between the cooled and the uncooled side of the filament is greater and, on the other, the filaments are quenched at a earlier stage of pre-orientation, whereby the gradient of birefringence over the cross section of the filament becomes larger, i.e. a stronger crimp is fonned after release.
  • I is the length of the same fiber in a de-crimped state.
  • the force necessary for de-crimping is determined with the aid of a force/elongation diagram of the respective fiber type to be tested.
  • I is the length of the fiber R in the de-crim'ped state cf 1 a W ..h. a :4...
  • the degree of preorientation may be further incooled cylinder is very small so that the individual filacreased by a high draw off speed and a high specific visments may stick together owing to vibration of the apcosity of the starting material.
  • Influence of the conveyance of spinning mass The high degree of preorientation yields filaments Under constant conditions but with a higher amount which can be drawn to a small extent only.
  • a draw ratio of spinning mass conveyed the titre of the spun filaof l :4 or there above, as generally used with polyester ments naturally increases.
  • the filaments and fibers produced by the process of the invention and having medium or large titres have an excellent three-dimensional crimp of good stability. They are very suitable as upholstery filling or for the manufacture of tufted felt carpets.
  • the fibers obtained after drawing in a ratio of f g R Z 1 1.52 and a heat treatment under the conditions of cylinder 4 2.65 m/min specified in Example 1 had the following properties: diameter of cylinder (3) 19 cm diameter of cylinder (4) 7 cm temperature of cylinder (3) 27C temperature of cylinder (4) 27C '"dlvldual dtex tensile strength p/tex 28 elongation at break D 32.1 crimp K, 42.9 v I residual crimp K 3 l .l
  • the tow was drawn in a ratio of 1 1.94 by blowing crimp slflbilily saturated steam onto it between godets having room e temperature and the crimps in the tow were developed I in the setting tube by means of hot air (300C).
  • Polyethylene terephthalate as defined in Example 1 was spun at 285C through a spinneret with 120 orifices in a row. With a conveyed amount of spinning mass of 205 g/min and a draw off speed of 1,800 m/min the following conditions were observed:
  • EXAMPLE 4 distance a of cylinder (3) from Spinner 150 mm Polyethylene terephthalate having a specific viscosity circumferential peed U of cylin er (3) 440 m/mln of 1.05 was spun through a spinneret with 43 trilobal orifices at a temperature of 291C. The cooled cylinder 3 had adiameter of 21 cm. In the present and in all following examples cylinder 4 had a diameter of 70 mm and was kept'at a'temperatuie of 25 to 35C.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate having a specific viscosity of 1.0 was spun as described in Example 1 under the following conditions:
  • EXAMPLE 6 A copolyester (as described in DOS 1,495,625 (German Application as laid open to public inspection)) consisting of ethylene glycol terephthalate units and percent of 2,Z-dimethyl-propanediol-l,3 units, calculated on dimethyl terephthalate, and having a specific viscosity of 0.625 was spun under the following conditrons:
  • a process for the manufacture of filaments of linear high molecular weight polyesters and copolyesters having a latent, three-dimensional crimp by asymmetrical cooling and a final titer of from about 4 to 300 dtex after drawing which comprises passing the melt spun filaments, substantially immediately after they have left the spinneret when just cool enough to avoid sticking over a substantially dry smooth rotating cooled cylindrical zone having a temperature of from 20 to 40C and a circumferential speed U in the range of from U V,/5O to U V,- V,/ with U ranging from about 74 m/min. to 470 m/min., V; being the draw off speed of the spun filaments from the cylindrical zone, whereby the filaments are in contact with the cylindrical zone on a surface section, the length of which is determined by a contact angle of 10 to 150.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US00158212A 1970-07-03 1971-06-30 Process for the manufacture of crimped fibers and filaments of linear high molecular weight polymers Expired - Lifetime US3832435A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702032950 DE2032950A1 (de) 1970-07-03 1970-07-03 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung latent dreidimensional gekräuselter Fasern und Fäden aus linearen Hochpolymeren

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US (1) US3832435A (enExample)
AT (1) AT323312B (enExample)
BE (1) BE769431A (enExample)
CA (1) CA966962A (enExample)
CH (1) CH530477A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2032950A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2100236A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1325939A (enExample)
NL (1) NL7108895A (enExample)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4244907A (en) * 1978-06-26 1981-01-13 Monsanto Company Spin-texture process
US4414169A (en) * 1979-02-26 1983-11-08 Fiber Industries, Inc. Production of polyester filaments of high strength possessing an unusually stable internal structure employing improved processing conditions
WO1990013688A1 (de) * 1989-05-01 1990-11-15 Viscosuisse Sa Verfahren zur herstellung von feinen monofilamenten und monofilament hergestellt nach diesem verfahren
US5076773A (en) * 1987-04-06 1991-12-31 Filteco S.P.A. Apparatus for producing thermoplastic yarns
US5227110A (en) * 1988-02-26 1993-07-13 Viscosuisse S.A. Process for manufacturing highly oriented amorphous polyester filament yarns
US5609888A (en) * 1992-01-09 1997-03-11 Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for producing multifilaments
EP4026672A1 (de) * 2021-01-11 2022-07-13 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Sicherheitsvorrichtung zur vermeidung von arbeitsunfällen

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2799896A (en) * 1954-04-20 1957-07-23 Celanese Corp Sheet extrusion apparatus
GB809273A (en) * 1955-01-17 1959-02-18 Ici Ltd Manufacture of synthetic filaments
US2934400A (en) * 1955-03-19 1960-04-26 Glanzstoff Ag Process of manufacturing fibers of polyethylene terephthalate
US2990236A (en) * 1957-03-25 1961-06-27 Ici Ltd Spinning process
US3317980A (en) * 1963-09-18 1967-05-09 Rieter Ag Maschf Machine for treating textile thread
US3436797A (en) * 1965-03-08 1969-04-08 Du Pont Method and apparatus for charging and combining continuous filaments of different polymeric composition to form a nonwoven web
US3458890A (en) * 1966-01-04 1969-08-05 Eastman Kodak Co Cross-flow jet
US3480709A (en) * 1967-01-03 1969-11-25 Hoechst Ag Process for the manufacture of filaments of synthetic linear polymers of high molecular weight crimped during spinning
US3499953A (en) * 1966-04-05 1970-03-10 Techniservice Corp Strand treatment
GB1189393A (en) * 1967-06-16 1970-04-22 Rhodiaceta Orientated Synthetic Filaments and their production
US3511905A (en) * 1967-08-22 1970-05-12 Viscose Suisse Soc Process for the preparation of synthetic polymer filaments
US3520766A (en) * 1967-02-14 1970-07-14 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Ink and dye receptive fabric and process for making the same
US3547891A (en) * 1969-04-02 1970-12-15 Eastman Kodak Co Heat formable polyester film
US3629386A (en) * 1964-02-05 1971-12-21 Ici Ltd Process for crimping filaments

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2799896A (en) * 1954-04-20 1957-07-23 Celanese Corp Sheet extrusion apparatus
GB809273A (en) * 1955-01-17 1959-02-18 Ici Ltd Manufacture of synthetic filaments
US2934400A (en) * 1955-03-19 1960-04-26 Glanzstoff Ag Process of manufacturing fibers of polyethylene terephthalate
US2990236A (en) * 1957-03-25 1961-06-27 Ici Ltd Spinning process
US3317980A (en) * 1963-09-18 1967-05-09 Rieter Ag Maschf Machine for treating textile thread
US3629386A (en) * 1964-02-05 1971-12-21 Ici Ltd Process for crimping filaments
US3436797A (en) * 1965-03-08 1969-04-08 Du Pont Method and apparatus for charging and combining continuous filaments of different polymeric composition to form a nonwoven web
US3458890A (en) * 1966-01-04 1969-08-05 Eastman Kodak Co Cross-flow jet
US3499953A (en) * 1966-04-05 1970-03-10 Techniservice Corp Strand treatment
US3480709A (en) * 1967-01-03 1969-11-25 Hoechst Ag Process for the manufacture of filaments of synthetic linear polymers of high molecular weight crimped during spinning
US3520766A (en) * 1967-02-14 1970-07-14 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Ink and dye receptive fabric and process for making the same
GB1189393A (en) * 1967-06-16 1970-04-22 Rhodiaceta Orientated Synthetic Filaments and their production
US3511905A (en) * 1967-08-22 1970-05-12 Viscose Suisse Soc Process for the preparation of synthetic polymer filaments
US3547891A (en) * 1969-04-02 1970-12-15 Eastman Kodak Co Heat formable polyester film

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4244907A (en) * 1978-06-26 1981-01-13 Monsanto Company Spin-texture process
US4414169A (en) * 1979-02-26 1983-11-08 Fiber Industries, Inc. Production of polyester filaments of high strength possessing an unusually stable internal structure employing improved processing conditions
US5076773A (en) * 1987-04-06 1991-12-31 Filteco S.P.A. Apparatus for producing thermoplastic yarns
US5227110A (en) * 1988-02-26 1993-07-13 Viscosuisse S.A. Process for manufacturing highly oriented amorphous polyester filament yarns
WO1990013688A1 (de) * 1989-05-01 1990-11-15 Viscosuisse Sa Verfahren zur herstellung von feinen monofilamenten und monofilament hergestellt nach diesem verfahren
US5609888A (en) * 1992-01-09 1997-03-11 Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for producing multifilaments
EP4026672A1 (de) * 2021-01-11 2022-07-13 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Sicherheitsvorrichtung zur vermeidung von arbeitsunfällen
WO2022148595A1 (de) * 2021-01-11 2022-07-14 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Sicherheitsvorrichtung zur vermeidung von arbeitsunfällen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2032950A1 (de) 1972-01-05
NL7108895A (enExample) 1972-01-05
AT323312B (de) 1975-07-10
CA966962A (en) 1975-05-06
CH530477A (de) 1972-11-15
GB1325939A (en) 1973-08-08
BE769431A (fr) 1972-01-03
FR2100236A5 (enExample) 1972-03-17

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