US3832121A - Fuel injector for blast furnace - Google Patents

Fuel injector for blast furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3832121A
US3832121A US00327835A US32783573A US3832121A US 3832121 A US3832121 A US 3832121A US 00327835 A US00327835 A US 00327835A US 32783573 A US32783573 A US 32783573A US 3832121 A US3832121 A US 3832121A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tube
gas
fuel
flow
discharge end
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00327835A
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English (en)
Inventor
P Metz
V Koch
R Schockmel
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Arcelor Luxembourg SA
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Arbed SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/16—Tuyéres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents

Definitions

  • An injector for a combustible mixture to be discharged across the tuyeres of a blast furnace, has an inner tube for the passage of a stream of liquid fuel and an outer tube traversed by a flow of oxidizing gas (air or oxygen) under pressure, the fuel stream passing through an obliquely perforated insert which directs it along helicoidal paths onto the peripheral tube Wall to form a layer progressing toward the discharge end of the injector.
  • oxidizing gas air or oxygen
  • the fuel layer is subjected to radially outwardly acting pressure from a gas, which may be branched off the surrounding flow of oxidizing gas, admitted generally tangentially into the inner tube through a set of nozzles extending skew to the tube axis, thereby reducing the thickness of the fuel layer.
  • a gas which may be branched off the surrounding flow of oxidizing gas, admitted generally tangentially into the inner tube through a set of nozzles extending skew to the tube axis, thereby reducing the thickness of the fuel layer.
  • the surrounding gas flow also set in swirling motion by passing through a fluted or perforated ring, impinges upon this thinned fuel layer at the discharge end and atomizes it.
  • the exit speed of the fuel stream may be increased by disposing an inwardly pointing axial cone in the discharge end of the inner tube, leaving a narrow annular channel through which the fuel and its entraining gas pass into contact with the surrounding gas flow exiting through a narrow gap between the tubes.
  • a first flow of gas is admitted into the tube with a velocity component directed toward the discharge end and with exertion of radially outward pressure upon the peripheral fuel layer in the tube whereby the thickness of that layer is reduced; a second flow of gas is trained at the discharge end upon the exiting fuel layer entrained by the first flow whereby the fuel is dispersed in the accompanying gas.
  • At least the second gas flow should be of oxidizing character (air or oxygen); the first one could be of the same nature, and may in fact be split off that second flow, but can also be a combustible fluid such as natural gas. Both gas flows may be under a relatively low pressure, e.g., on the order of 4 kg/cm (i.e., about four atmospheres gauge).
  • a conduit delivering the second gas flow forms a preferably coaxial outer tube or jacket about the fuel tube and defines therewith an annular gap which converges on the axis of the latter tube around the discharge end thereof for training that gas at an acute angle onto the fuel/gas stream exiting therefrom.
  • Part of the gas traversing an annular duct formed by these two tubes, and terminating at that gap may be branched off by a set of nozzles, preferably skew to the tube axis, to form the first gas flow entering the interior of the tube to radially compress the fuel layer.
  • Similar flow-guiding means, setting the second gas flow in codirectional swirling motion about the tube axis may be provided in the annular duct between the tubes downstream of the nozzle array.
  • the vortical motion of the fuel and gas within the inner tube may be further intensified by the provision of inclined ribs or vanes at the discharge end of that tube; these ribs may also be used to support an axially inwardly pointing cone defining with the inner tube a constricted exit channel in the vicinity of the aforementioned annular gap whose width is advantageously adjustable by a relative axial shifting of the two nested tubes.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic axial cross-sectional view through an injector embodying our invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a guide ring, taken on the line II II of FIG. 1';
  • FIG. 2A is a view similar to FIG. 2, showing a modified guide ring
  • FIG. 3 is a side-elevational view of the guide ring shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a perforated insert, taken on the line IV IV of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a side-elevational view of the insert shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the discharge end of the injector, taken on the line VI VI of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the fuel chamber of the injector taken on line VII VII of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 8 is an overall, schematic view showing the emplacement of a set of injectors according to our invention in a blast furnace.
  • FIGS. 1-7 we have shown an injector 20 receiving liquid fuel, such as a heavy oil, through a central pipe 310 which is coaxially surrounded by an outer barrel 101 carrying an oxidizing gas such as air or oxygen at a relatively low pressure of several atmospheres gauge.
  • the body of the injector 20 comprises a pair of coaxially nested tubes, i.e., an outer tube and an inner tube 300, threadedly connected at 340, 350 to conduits 101 and 310, respectively.
  • Tubes 100 and 300 define between them an annular duct 200 containing, near its downstream end, a ring 210' provided with bores 21] lying skew to the tube axis A.
  • a cylindrical insert 320 is seated near the entrance end of tube 300, being held in position between a shoulder 302 of that tube and the adjoining extremity of pipe 310, and is formed with a set of inclined bores 321 which also lie skew to the axis A in the same sense as the bores 211 of ring 210.
  • bores 211 and 321 include angles of 30 with a direction (here verti cal) parallel to axis A when viewed at right angles to a vertical plane containing their own axis; their upper and lower ends lie on two circles C and D, centered on axis A, which are the larger and the smaller base of a frustocone with a 30 vertex angle (see FIG. 5).
  • the upper surface 322 of insert 320, confronting the oncoming preheated fuel stream (arrow B in FIG. I), is flat and smooth.
  • tube 300 is penetrated by at least two symmetrically positioned nozzles 331 (best seen in FIG. 7) which open into the interior 330 or this tube with an inclination similar to that of the bores 211 and 321 so as to deviate part of the flow E of low pressure oxidizing gas from duct 200 to fuel chamber 330.
  • the fuel stream which by virtue of the aforedescribed inclination of the bores 321 is directed with helicoidal motion onto the inner tube wall to form a layer thereon, is further accelerated by this gas flow toward an annular channel 340 at the exit end of the tube, this channel being defined by the tube mouth and by a conical guide member 332 held centered on axis A by a set of vanes 333.
  • the vanes as best seen in FIG. 6, are inclined to set the outflowing fuel-gas stream in rotation about the axis in the same sense (here counterclockwise) as imparted to them by the bores 321 and the nozzles 331.
  • this composite stream On exiting from the channel 340, this composite stream encounters the tubular flow of the remaining gas from duct 200 which leaves that duct through a narrow annular gap 220 of frustoconical shape whose generatrices converge on the axis A beyond the exit at an angle of 30. It will be noted that the gas passing through gap 220 strikes the exiting stream from channel 340 at a large acute angle, thus nearly orthogonally, as the two fluid volumes revolve in the same counterclockwise sense about the axis.
  • the nozzles 331 enter the chamber330 nearly tangentially but open into that chamber at locations radially inward of the inner surface of the annular fuel layer which forms on the wall of tube 300 and has been indicated at F in FIG. 7.
  • the gas discharged by these nozzles into the chamber 330 acts radially outwardly upon this fuel layer F to compress it into a thin film as it travels toward the exit channel 340.
  • the body of liquid remains substantially coherent at this stage and does not mix with the accompanying gas.
  • the outer gas stream striking that film at the tube mouth disintegrates it into a mass of small droplets dispersed throughout the surrounding gas volume so as to produce a fine mist that burns with practically no residue; the geometry of the exit end of the injector causes this mist to spread from the end face 221 of the injector in the form of an expanding cone with partial vaporization of the fuel particles distributed throughout the gas volume.
  • the conical insert 332 which further increases the exit speed of the fuel/gas stream, is not essential and may be omitted in some instances.
  • guide ring 210 may be replaced by a modified ring 210A having external flutes 211A in lieu of bores 211 of ring 2P0.
  • These flutes have the same inclination as the bores, lying skew to the axis A at an angle of about 30 in the present instance.
  • the gas stream entering the fuel chamber 330 by nozzles 33] or similar adjutages need not be branched off the flow (arrows E) passing through duct 200 but could also be supplied by a separate source. In the latter instance, if desired, a hydrocarbon gas could be used to increase the ratio of combustible fluid in the exiting composite stream.
  • FIG. 8 we have illustrated part of a blast furnace 10 provided with the usual set of tuyeres 12 which are supplied by air or oxygen under pressure via a manifold 13 and open into a hearth 14 below a bosh 11.
  • the ferrous melt produced by the furnace accumulates at 15, together with accompanying slag.
  • a fuel injector for a blast furnace comprising:
  • a tube provided with a discharge end and connected at its opposite end to a supply of liquid fuel to be atomized
  • feed means between said guide means and said discharge end opening into said tube at a location inward of the inner boundary of said layer for admitting into said tube a first flow of gas with a velocity component toward said discharge end and with exertion of radially outward pressure upon said layer to reduce the thickness thereof;
  • conduit means terminating at said discharge end for training a second flow of gas upon the fuel layer entrained by said first flow and exiting from said inner tube, at least said second flow of gas being of oxidizing character, thereby dispersing the fuel in the gas admixed therewith.
  • conduit means forms an annular gap, converging on the tube axis, around said discharge end for training said second flow of gas at an acute angle onto the exiting fuel/gas stream.
  • a fuel injector for a blast furnace comprising:
  • a tube provided with a discharge end and connected at its opposite end to a supply of liquid fuel to be atomized
  • a set of nozzles traversing said tube wall between said guide means and said discharge end for admitting into said tube a first flow of gas with a velocity component toward said discharge end and with exertion of radially outward pressure upon said layer to reduce the thickness thereof;
  • conduit means forming a jacket around said tube and defining therewith an annular duct for the conveyance of the second flow of gas to said discharge end, said jacket forming around said discharge end an annular gap converging on the tube axis for training a second flow of gas at an acute angle upon the fuel layer entrained by said first flow and exiting from said inner tube, at least said second flow of gas being of oxidizing character, thereby dispersing the fuel in the gas admixed therewith, said nozzles communicating with said annular duct for branching said first flow of gas off said second flow of gas.
  • a fuel injector for a blast furnace comprising:
  • a tube provided with a discharge end and connected at its opposite end to a supply of liquid fuel to be atomized
  • feed means between said guide means and said discharge end for admitting into said tube a first flow of gas with a velocity component toward said discharge end and with exertion of radially outward pressure upon said layer to reduce the thickness thereof;
  • conduit means forming a jacket around said tube and defining therewith an annular duct for the conveyance of a second flow of gas to said discharge end, said jacket forming around said discharge end an annular gap converging on the tube axis for training said second flow of gas upon the fuel layer entrained by said first flow and exiting from said inner tube, at least said second flow of gas being of oxidizing character, thereby dispersing the fuel in the gas admixed therewith;
  • a fuel injector for a blast furnace comprising:
  • a tube provided with a discharge end and connected at its opposite end to a supply of liquid fuel to be atomized
  • feed means between said guide means and said discharge end for admitting into said tube a first flow of gas with a velocity component toward said discharge end and with exertion of radially outward pressure upon said layer to reduce the'thickness thereof;
  • conduit means forming a jacket around said tube and defining therewith an annular duct for the conveyance of a second flow of gas to said discharge end, said jacket forming around said discharge end an annular gap converging on the tube axis for training said second flow of gas upon the fuel layer entrained by said first flow and exiting from said inner tube, at least said second flow of gas being of oxidizing character, thereby dispersing the fuel in the gas admixed therewith, said tube and said jacket being relatively axially adjustable for varying the effective width of said gap.
  • a fuel injector for a blast furnace comprising:
  • a tube provided with a discharge end and connected at its opposite end to a supply of liquid fuel to be atomized
  • feed means between said guide means and said discharge end for admitting into said tube a first flow of gas with a velocity component toward said discharge end and with exertion of radially outward pressure upon said layer to reduce the thickness thereof;
  • conduit means forming a jacket around said tube and defining therewith an annular duct for the conveyance of a second flow of gas to said discharge end, said jacket forming around said discharge end an annular gap converging on the tube axis for training said second flow of gas at an acute angle upon the fuel layer entrained by said first flow and exiting from said inner tube, at least said second flow of gas being of oxidizing character, thereby dispersing the fuel in the gas admixed therewith;
  • a fuel injector as defined in claim 1 wherein said guide means comprises an insert in said tube with a flat, smooth upstream face confronting the entering fuel stream and with a set of perforations skew to the tube axis for imparting a generally helicoidal motion to said layer.
  • a method of generating a combustible mixture for injection into a blast furnace comprising the steps of:
  • a fuel injector for a blast furnace comprising:
  • a tube provided with a discharge end and connected at its opposite end to a supply of liquid fuel to be atomized
  • an insert in said tube directing an entering stream of said fuel toward the tube wall as a peripheral layer progressing toward said discharge end, said insert being provided with a flat, smooth upstream face confronting the entering fuel stream and with a set of perforations skew to the tube axis for imparting a generally helicoidal motion to said layer;
  • feed means between said insert and said discharge end for admitting into said tube a first flow of gas with a velocity component toward said discharge end and with exertion of radially outward pressure upon said layer to reduce the thickness thereof;
  • conduit means terminating at said discharge end for training a second flow of gas upon the fuel layer entrained by said first flow and exiting from said inner tube, at least said second flow of gas being of oxidizing character, thereby dispersing the fuel in the gas admixed therewith.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
US00327835A 1972-01-28 1973-01-29 Fuel injector for blast furnace Expired - Lifetime US3832121A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU64674 1972-01-28

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US (1) US3832121A (it)
JP (1) JPS556681B2 (it)
AT (1) AT332435B (it)
BE (1) BE794642A (it)
DE (1) DE2300217C3 (it)
FR (1) FR2169037B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1413624A (it)
IT (1) IT988091B (it)
LU (1) LU64674A1 (it)
NL (1) NL7216996A (it)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4018554A (en) * 1975-03-19 1977-04-19 Institutul Pentru Creatie Stintifica Si Tehnica-Increst Method of and apparatus for the combustion of liquid fuels
US4217088A (en) * 1977-03-28 1980-08-12 John Zink Company Burner for very low pressure gases
US4952136A (en) * 1987-05-12 1990-08-28 Control Systems Company Burner assembly for oil fired furnaces
WO1992013107A1 (en) * 1991-01-17 1992-08-06 SSAB Tunnplåt AB Blast pipe and tuyere arrangement
US20080211148A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2008-09-04 U.S. Steel Canada Inc. Apparatus and method for injection of fluid hydrocarbons into a blast furnace
CN101776261A (zh) * 2009-12-21 2010-07-14 青岛特利尔环保锅炉工程有限公司 粒化播洒器
CN103017164A (zh) * 2012-09-03 2013-04-03 于超 一种高温冶炼的装置和方法
CN108758625A (zh) * 2018-05-08 2018-11-06 北京航空航天大学 一种燃油切向入射成膜的贫油直喷空气雾化喷嘴
CN110964555A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2020-04-07 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种提升管用雾化喷嘴
CN110961043A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2020-04-07 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种提升管催化裂化装置
CN110961049A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2020-04-07 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种提升管催化裂化装置
CN110961050A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2020-04-07 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种催化裂化装置提升管用雾化喷嘴
CN114321921A (zh) * 2021-12-13 2022-04-12 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 多形态废物燃烧器

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE413935B (sv) * 1977-03-18 1980-06-30 Aga Ab Forfaringssett och anordning for tillsettning av syrgas vid forbrenning av brenslen
JPS597887B2 (ja) * 1979-03-07 1984-02-21 コロナ燃焼工業株式会社 微粒子固体混入の液体燃料の燃焼方法
DE3220796A1 (de) * 1982-06-03 1983-12-08 Ransburg-Gema AG, 9015 St.Gallen Zerstaeubervorrichtung zum beschichten mit pulver
DE19653059A1 (de) * 1996-12-19 1998-06-25 Asea Brown Boveri Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners
RU2460806C1 (ru) * 2011-05-03 2012-09-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт металлургической теплотехники" (ОАО "ВНИИМТ") Дутьевая фурма доменной печи
CN112264209B (zh) * 2020-09-18 2022-06-10 西北工业大学 一种螺旋管式空气雾化喷嘴

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1511019A (en) * 1922-07-24 1924-10-07 Ferguson Furnace Company Burner
US2239025A (en) * 1939-02-20 1941-04-22 Franco American Patents Ltd Fuel burner
US2764455A (en) * 1953-11-23 1956-09-25 Alfred F Seibel Vaporizing and mixing unit
US3197305A (en) * 1962-01-15 1965-07-27 Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp Iron blast furnace fuel injection
US3758090A (en) * 1971-03-26 1973-09-11 Nippon Kokan Kk Combustion apparatus for blast furnaces

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR961676A (it) * 1950-05-17

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1511019A (en) * 1922-07-24 1924-10-07 Ferguson Furnace Company Burner
US2239025A (en) * 1939-02-20 1941-04-22 Franco American Patents Ltd Fuel burner
US2764455A (en) * 1953-11-23 1956-09-25 Alfred F Seibel Vaporizing and mixing unit
US3197305A (en) * 1962-01-15 1965-07-27 Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp Iron blast furnace fuel injection
US3758090A (en) * 1971-03-26 1973-09-11 Nippon Kokan Kk Combustion apparatus for blast furnaces

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4018554A (en) * 1975-03-19 1977-04-19 Institutul Pentru Creatie Stintifica Si Tehnica-Increst Method of and apparatus for the combustion of liquid fuels
US4217088A (en) * 1977-03-28 1980-08-12 John Zink Company Burner for very low pressure gases
US4952136A (en) * 1987-05-12 1990-08-28 Control Systems Company Burner assembly for oil fired furnaces
WO1992013107A1 (en) * 1991-01-17 1992-08-06 SSAB Tunnplåt AB Blast pipe and tuyere arrangement
US5333840A (en) * 1991-01-17 1994-08-02 SSAB Tunnplåt AB Blast pipe and tuyere arrangement for a blast furnace and method
AU652805B2 (en) * 1991-01-17 1994-09-08 Ssab Tunnplat Ab Blast pipe and tuyere arrangement
US7837928B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2010-11-23 U.S. Steel Canada Inc. Apparatus and method for injection of fluid hydrocarbons into a blast furnace
US20080211148A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2008-09-04 U.S. Steel Canada Inc. Apparatus and method for injection of fluid hydrocarbons into a blast furnace
CN101776261A (zh) * 2009-12-21 2010-07-14 青岛特利尔环保锅炉工程有限公司 粒化播洒器
CN103017164A (zh) * 2012-09-03 2013-04-03 于超 一种高温冶炼的装置和方法
CN103017164B (zh) * 2012-09-03 2014-02-12 于超 一种高温冶炼的方法
CN108758625A (zh) * 2018-05-08 2018-11-06 北京航空航天大学 一种燃油切向入射成膜的贫油直喷空气雾化喷嘴
CN108758625B (zh) * 2018-05-08 2019-11-12 北京航空航天大学 一种燃油切向入射成膜的贫油直喷空气雾化喷嘴
CN110964555A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2020-04-07 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种提升管用雾化喷嘴
CN110961043A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2020-04-07 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种提升管催化裂化装置
CN110961049A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2020-04-07 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种提升管催化裂化装置
CN110961050A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2020-04-07 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种催化裂化装置提升管用雾化喷嘴
CN114321921A (zh) * 2021-12-13 2022-04-12 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 多形态废物燃烧器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU64674A1 (it) 1973-08-03
DE2300217A1 (de) 1973-08-02
NL7216996A (it) 1973-07-31
DE2300217B2 (de) 1978-12-14
ATA56073A (de) 1976-01-15
JPS4886707A (it) 1973-11-15
AT332435B (de) 1976-09-27
FR2169037B1 (it) 1975-03-28
JPS556681B2 (it) 1980-02-19
FR2169037A1 (it) 1973-09-07
BE794642A (fr) 1973-05-16
GB1413624A (en) 1975-11-12
IT988091B (it) 1975-04-10
DE2300217C3 (de) 1979-12-13

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