US3830562A - Slit lamp having combination slit and lamp intensity control device - Google Patents

Slit lamp having combination slit and lamp intensity control device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3830562A
US3830562A US00373335A US37333573A US3830562A US 3830562 A US3830562 A US 3830562A US 00373335 A US00373335 A US 00373335A US 37333573 A US37333573 A US 37333573A US 3830562 A US3830562 A US 3830562A
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United States
Prior art keywords
slit
shaft
lamp
control
automatic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00373335A
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English (en)
Inventor
Grann J Mc
W Nalley
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Codman and Shurtleff Inc
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Codman and Shurtleff Inc
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Application filed by Codman and Shurtleff Inc filed Critical Codman and Shurtleff Inc
Priority to US00373335A priority Critical patent/US3830562A/en
Priority to FR7421087A priority patent/FR2233969B1/fr
Priority to DD179413A priority patent/DD114204A5/xx
Priority to DE2430263A priority patent/DE2430263A1/de
Priority to JP49071940A priority patent/JPS5037284A/ja
Priority to CH869074A priority patent/CH577821A5/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3830562A publication Critical patent/US3830562A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/13—Ophthalmic microscopes
    • A61B3/135—Slit-lamp microscopes

Definitions

  • Slit lamps which are conventionally utilized by ophthalmologists to examine the human eye, normally include a lamp for supplying a light beam through a slit, defined by movable blades, and various filters, pin holes and other optical components to a mirror for reflection into the eye of a patient while the opthalmologist or other operator utilizes a binocular microscope to focus on the eye.
  • the intensity of the lamp should be similarly varied in order to avoid discomfort to the patient when the slit is opened to its widest while providing sufficient light for eye examination when the slit opening is at its smallest.
  • slit lamps have utilized a rheostat con nected with a power transformer to permit the ophthalmologist to control lamp intensity, and a separate control has been provided to permit adjustment of the slit aperture.
  • the requirement that the opthalmologist coordinate the operation of two independent controls is more than merely an inconvenience but requires the ophthalmologist to correlate slit opening to lamp intensity and, thus, represents a factor requiring the attention of the ophthalmologist thereby reducing his total concentration on the patient.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to construct a combination control device for a slit lamp which permits on-off control, selection of manual or automatic modes of operation; and, in the automatic mode of operation, permits the width of a slit to be changed while simultaneously, automatically altering lamp intensity.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a combination slit and lamp control device for a slit lamp wherein manipulation of a single knob can be utilized to simultaneously vary slit width and lamp intensity to automatically control light intensity in accordance with the width of the slit.
  • the present invention has another object in providing simple, reliable and inexpensive means for automatically adjusting lamp intensity and slit width simultaneously in a slit lamp while also providing a manual override for lamp intensity control.
  • an additional object of the present invention is to construct a combination control device for simultaneously controlling slit width and lamp intensity in a slit lamp such that the control device can be easily installed on conventional slit lamps.
  • a further object of the present invention isv to incorporate all of the electronic controls for a slit lamp in a single control device to obviate the need for separate control panels.
  • the combination control device can be inexpensively manufactured, and the combination control device is designed to be operable with existing slit lamps thereby permitting modification of slit lamps in the field.
  • the present invention is generally characterized in a slit lamp including a lamp for providing a light beam, a slit mechanism for providing a slit of varying width, optical means for directing the light beam through the slit toward the eye of a patient, a circuit for variably supplying electrical power to the lamp to control the intensity of the light beam, and a control device for simultaneously operating the slit mechanism and the circuit to automatically control the intensity of the light beam in accordance with the width of the slit.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a slit lamp utilizing a combination slit and lamp control device according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are vertical sections of the illumination column of the slit lamp of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a broken side elevation of the combination slit and lamp control device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a section taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit for the slit lamp according to the present invention.
  • FIG. I A slit lamp utilizing a combination slit and lamp control device according to the present invention is illustrated in FIG. I and includes a head rest frame 10 mounted on a table 12 or other suitable support with a chin support 14 extending between parallel uprights of the frame 10 and vertically adjustable to permit alignment of a patients eye level with an eye guide marker 16 on the head rest frame.
  • a fixation light 18 depends from the top of the head rest frame and is adapted to be positioned such that examination of a patients eye is facilitated when the patient is looking at the fixation light.
  • a carriage 20 is mounted to be movable along the table 12 relative to the head rest frame 10 by means of a spherical element, not shown, mounted in the carriage and riding on the surface of the table, the carriage 20 being slidable along a rod 22 carrying pinions 24 at its ends ridable on racks 26 formed in housings 28 mounted on the table.
  • a control lever 30 extends from the carriage 20 to be moved by an operator to provide horizontal movement and fine focus of the slit lamp.
  • a pivot assembly 32 including a hub 34 having an arm 36 extending transversely therefrom and cooperating with a vertical adjustment knob 38 for raising and lowering the pivot assembly.
  • the pivot assembly 32 includes a microscope arm 40 carrying a binocular microscope body 42 and an illumination arm 44 carrying an illumination column 46, the arms 48 and 44 being pivotally mounted on a vertical pivot pin 48 supported by hub 34 such that the microscope body 42 and the illumination column 46 are pivotal about the same axis.
  • the illumination column 46 includes a lamp 50 mounted in a housing 52 and arranged to direct a vertical beam of light through a condenser assembly 54 toward a first surface mirror 56 disposed at the bottom of the illumination column 46 on a post 57 in substantially horizontal, axial alignment with the microscope body 42 and oriented at substantially 45 to direct the light beam toward the eye of a patient.
  • An inner cylindrical tube 58 carries an objective 60 at its lower end adjacent mirror 56, and an axially slidable sleeve 62 is disposed around tube 58 at the lower end, the sleeve 62 adapted to abut a shoulder formed by a collar 64 on the tube 58 mounting the objective 60.
  • the illumination column 46 is supported on the illumination arm 44 by a pair of spaced columns 66 and 68 extending on opposite sides of mirror 56 between a combination control device 70 and a pair of ears 72 extending from collar 64, and the post 57 is similarly supported on the combination control device 70.
  • Column 68 has a central bore therein for slidably receiving a control rod 74 having an end 76 abutting a flange 78 extending from sleeve 62, and a control rod 80 is slidably mounted along an outer tube 82 telescoping over tube 58, the control rod 80 having an end 84 abutting flange 78 and an end 86 extending within housing 52 and carrying a cam 88 movable with the control rod.
  • a pair of blades 90 are pivotally mounted in housing 52 on pivot pins 92 below lamp 50, and each of the blades 90 carries a knife 94 forming a slit diaphragm and a cam follower roller 96 riding on a curved surface of cam 88.
  • the light beam provided by the lamp 50 and passing through the slit formed by blades 90 passes through an optical system including a filter assembly 98, an aperture assembly 100 and objective 60 to be deflected by mirror 56 toward the eye of a patient.
  • the filter assembly 98 is operable by a lever 102 to selectively position one of a plurality of filters in the path of the light beam, such filters including a normal light filter, a heat absorption filter, a 50 percent density filter, a blue-green cobalt filter and any other desired filters.
  • the aperture assembly 100 is operated by a lever 104 to position an aperture of selected size in the pathof the light beam, such apertures desirably having sizes of 0.2 mm, 1 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm.
  • a knob 106 is secured to tube 82 to permit the optical system to be rotated to vertically or horizontally orient the slit image.
  • the above described structure of the slit lamp is conventional; and, thus, a detailed description thereof has been omitted.
  • the combination control device 70 is mounted on illumination arm 44 and, as shown in FIG. 4, includes a casing 108 on which columns 66 and 68 are mounted, the casing 108 having an aperture 110 in a top wall 112 thereof to permit control rod 74 to pass therethrough.
  • Concentric inner and outer shafts 114 and 116 are rotatably mounted in casing 108 and extend through an end wall 118 of the casing, and a shaft 120 is rotatably mounted in suitable bearings and extends through an opposite end wall 122 of casing 108.
  • a broached knob 124 is fixed to the external end of outer shaft 116, and a gear 126 is fixed to the outer shaft within the casing while shaft 120 similarly has a broached knob 128 fixed to its external end and is fixed to a gear 130 within the casing.
  • a coupling shaft 132 carries gears 134 and 136 meshing with gears 126 and 130, respectively; and a cam 138 is fixed to shaft 132 to raise and lower rod 74 which has an end 140 riding on the cam surface, as best shown in FIG. 5.
  • a preloading coupling shaft 142 has gears 144 and 146 meshing with gears 126 and 1130, respectively, and is mounted in parallel with coupling shaft 132 to remove backlash from the gear mechanism; and, since the couplings 132 and 142 positively mesh with the gears 126 and 130, rotation of either of knobs 124 or 128 causes rotation of the gear mechanism and the other knob such that the gear mechanism moves as a unit controllable from either end of the combination control device 70.
  • a control unit 148 formed of a manual control, 50 K9 potentiometer module 150, an automatic control, 50 K9 potentiometer module 152, a rotary on-off switch 154 and an automatic-manual, push-pull switch 156, switches 154 and 156 being controlled by inner shaft 114 which has a broached knob 158 fixed thereto adjacent knob 124.
  • Potentiometer is operated by rotation of inner shaft 114 while the operation of potentiometer 152 is controlled by rotation of outer shaft 116. Rotation of inner shaft 114 also operates on-off switch 154, and the inner shaft 1 14 is axially slidable within the control unit 148 to operate push-pull switch 156.
  • the control unit 148 can be formed of any desirable components, for example, the various Series 70 modules produced by Allen-Bradley Co., Milwaukee, Wis. With module packages as produced by the Allen-Bradley Co., the required 50 KO potentiometers and the rotary and pushpull switches can be selected as modules and assembled to be operable by inner and outer shafts; and, thus, the control unit 148 will not be discussed in further detail hereinafter. Reference is made to Publication 5,217, September 1971 of the Allen-Bradley Co. for further detail with respect to the modules of the control unit 148.
  • a control circuit 160 for the slit lamp according to the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 6 and includes a plug 161 adapted to be received in a receptacle provided with commercially available 115 v., 60 Hz electricity, the plug being connected across a primary winding of a transformer T through a fuse F and on-off switch 154, a capacitor C 1 being connected across the primary winding of transformer T.
  • the secondary winding of transformer T has terminals 162 and 163 connected across the fixation light 18 and further connected across lamp 511 and a phase control circuit 164.
  • the lamp 50 has one terminal connected to terminal 162 of the secondary winding of transformer T and the other terminal connected to a junction between a capacitor C2 and an inductor L forming an rf suppression circuit.
  • the other terminal of capacitor C2 is connected to terminal 163 of the secondary winding of transformer T while the inductor L has its other terminal connected through an RC timing circuit 166, a hysteresis preventing circuit 168 and a bidirectional thyriston 170, such as a Triac,
  • the RC timing circuit 166 includes a resistor R1 which is connected between inductor L and potentiometers 150 and 152 through ganged switches S1 and S2 of push-pull switch 156, respectively.
  • the potentiometers 150 and 152 are connected through a capacitor C3 to the terminal 163 of the secondary winding of transformer T, and the junction of the capacitor C3 and potentiometers 150 and 152 is connected with a silicon bilateral switch SBS which is connected to the gate electrode of the Triac 170.
  • the hysteresis prevention circuit 168 includes a resistor R3 connected in series with a diode D1 and a diode D2 connected between the bilaterial switch SBS and the junction of resistor R3 and diode D1.
  • phase control circuit 164 will not be described in detail hereinafter other than with respect to the operation of push-pull switch 156 and potentiometers 150 and 152 since any conventional phase control circuit could be utilized with the present invention and since the operation of such circuits is well known.
  • phase control circuit 164 reference is made to Motorola Application Note AN-526, 1970, published by Motorola Semi-Conductor Products, Inc.
  • the knob 158 is initially rotated to close on-off switch 154 and supply power to the fixation light 18 and the illumination lamp 50. If it is desired to manually control the intensity of the light beam from lamp 511 independent of the slit width, the knob 158 is pushed to axially move the inner shaft 114 and operate the push-pull switch 156 to place it in the manual mode.
  • switch S1 is normally open and switch S2 is normally closed such that once the knob 158 is depressed, switch S1 will be closed to connect potentiometer 150 in series with resistor R1 and capacitor C3 while removing potentiometer 152 from the circuit due to the opening of switch S2.
  • knob 158 operates potentiometer 150 while rotation of either of knobs 124 or 128 controls the width of the slit formed between knives 94 on blades 90 such that in the manual mode of operation there is no inter-relationship between the width of the slit and the intensity of the light beam.
  • Rotation of either of knobs 124 or 128 causes rotation of coupling shaft 132 and cam 138 to operate the slit mechanism by controlling the raising and lowering of control rod 74 which, in turn, controls axial movement of sleeve 62 and corresponding movement of control rod 80.
  • the cam 88 is moved up and down as the knobs 124 or 128 of the combination control device are turned, and the cam follower rollers 96 ride along the surface of the cam to pivot the blades 90 and vary the width of the slit formed between the knives 94.
  • Rotation of knob 158 moves the tap along potentiometer 150; and, as the knob is turned clockwise, the intensity of the lamp is increased by decreasing the potentiometer resistance to decrease the charge time of capacitor C3 and corresponding breakdown of bilateral switch SBS to trigger Triac 170. That is, with each positive and negative cycle of the supply of electrical power, the point during the cycle at which the Triac 170 is triggered to energize the lamp 50 is controlled by the position of the potentiometer 150. Flicker of the lamp 50 is eliminated by the hysteresis prevention circuit 168 and rf emissions are suppressed by inductor L and capacitor C2.
  • the knob 158 is merely rotated to operate switch 154 without pushing such that push-pull switch 156 remains in its normal state with switch S2 closed and switch S1 open thereby connecting potentiometer 152 in series with resistor R1 and capacitor C3.
  • movement of the knobs 124 and 128 along with controlling the size of the slit in the manner described above also controls the position of the tap of potentiometer 152'to control the intensity of the light beam provided by lamp 50 in a manner similar to that described above with respect to potentiometer 150. Accordingly, operation of a single knob, either knob 124 or knob 128, simultaneously controls the width of the slit and the intensity of the lamp 50 automatically thereby freeing the operator from adjusting light intensity to suit slit width.
  • the knob 158 can be depressed to operate the push-pull switch 156 and place the combination control device in the manual mode of operation thereby permitting control of the intensity of lamp 511 independent of slit width; and, similarly, any time during the manual mode of operation, the knob 158 can be pulled to return the combination control device to the automatic mode of operation.
  • the tap of potentiometer 152 will be moved along with rotation of knobs 124 or 128 in both the manual and automatic modes of operation regardless of whether the potentiometer 152 is connected into the phase control circuit such that at any time the control device is placed in the automatic mode of operation, the potentiometer will be at a prescribed position relative to the slit width.
  • the relationship between light intensity and slit width is not necessarily linear; and, accordingly, the relationship between movement of the slit mechanism and changing of the time constant of the phase control circuit must be precisely correlated to provide appropriate slit width versus mean spherical candle power characteristics.
  • Such correlation can be accomplished by calibrating the potentiometers or the mechanical linkage for changing slit width or both. For instance, by precisely selecting a configuration and dimensions for the cam 138 and the ratio of the gears 126, 130 to the gears 134, 136 the mechanical linkage can be calibrated for a standard potentiometer while the constant parameters of the timing components R1 and C3 in the phase control circuit are similarly calibrated for the standard potentiometer.
  • a slit lamp comprising lamp means for providing a light beam
  • slit means for providing a slit of varying width
  • optical means for directing said light beam through said slit toward the eye of a patient
  • circuit means for variably supplying electrical power to said lamp means to control the intensity of said light beam
  • control means for simultaneously operating said slit means and said circuit means to automatically control the intensity of said light beam in accordance with the widthof said slit.
  • a slit lamp as recited in claim 4 wherein said circuit means includes manual resistance means variable to control the electrical power supplied to said lamp means and the intensity of said light beam and further comprising manual-automatic switch means having an automatic state operably connecting said automatic resistance means in said circuit means and a manual state operably connecting said manual resistance means in said circuit means, said third shaft being rotatable to vary said manual resistance means and being axially movable to operate said manual-automatic switch means.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
US00373335A 1973-06-25 1973-06-25 Slit lamp having combination slit and lamp intensity control device Expired - Lifetime US3830562A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00373335A US3830562A (en) 1973-06-25 1973-06-25 Slit lamp having combination slit and lamp intensity control device
FR7421087A FR2233969B1 (ja) 1973-06-25 1974-06-18
DD179413A DD114204A5 (ja) 1973-06-25 1974-06-24
DE2430263A DE2430263A1 (de) 1973-06-25 1974-06-24 Schlitzlampe mit kombinierter schlitzund lampenintensitaetseinstellvorrichtung
JP49071940A JPS5037284A (ja) 1973-06-25 1974-06-25
CH869074A CH577821A5 (ja) 1973-06-25 1974-06-25

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00373335A US3830562A (en) 1973-06-25 1973-06-25 Slit lamp having combination slit and lamp intensity control device

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US3830562A true US3830562A (en) 1974-08-20

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US00373335A Expired - Lifetime US3830562A (en) 1973-06-25 1973-06-25 Slit lamp having combination slit and lamp intensity control device

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US (1) US3830562A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5037284A (ja)
CH (1) CH577821A5 (ja)
DD (1) DD114204A5 (ja)
DE (1) DE2430263A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2233969B1 (ja)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944342A (en) * 1974-04-30 1976-03-16 Codman & Shurtleff, Inc. Photographic apparatus for slit lamp
US3944343A (en) * 1974-08-16 1976-03-16 Codman & Shurtleff, Inc. Light inclining accessory for slit lamp
EP0038525A1 (de) * 1980-04-18 1981-10-28 Firma Carl Zeiss Augenrefraktometer
US4331392A (en) * 1977-08-16 1982-05-25 Tokyo Kogaku Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha Ophthalmoscopic slit lamp
US4461551A (en) * 1981-05-27 1984-07-24 Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung Portable ophthalmological instrument for selective examination of anterior or posterior regions of the eye
US4762409A (en) * 1986-04-07 1988-08-09 Swannie Mark K Light bulb unit for a slit lamp
US5363155A (en) * 1993-02-18 1994-11-08 Ehud Urinowski Eye examination apparatus and accessory therefor
WO2000059367A1 (de) * 1999-03-30 2000-10-12 G. Rodenstock Instrumente Gmbh Anordnung zur ermittlung und regelung der lichtstärke für spaltlampen und spaltleuchtenprojektoren
US6283596B1 (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-09-04 Nidek Co., Ltd. Slit-lamp biomicroscope
US20090059208A1 (en) * 2006-05-08 2009-03-05 Norbert Steffens Apparatus and method for a combined interferometric and image based geometric determination, particularly in the microsystem technology
WO2009030446A3 (de) * 2007-09-04 2009-04-30 Zeiss Carl Meditec Ag Energiesparendes medizinisches gerät
US8465295B2 (en) 2008-02-06 2013-06-18 The Mitre Corporation Fluid percussion system and method for modeling penetrating brain injury
US9541262B2 (en) 2014-12-30 2017-01-10 LIGHTING and SUPPLIES, INC Shabbat bulb
US11064883B2 (en) * 2019-02-01 2021-07-20 Brett Bartelen Slit lamp with cantilevered base

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH485459A (de) * 1967-08-02 1970-02-15 Zeiss Carl Fa Spaltlampe zur Augenuntersuchung

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944342A (en) * 1974-04-30 1976-03-16 Codman & Shurtleff, Inc. Photographic apparatus for slit lamp
US3944343A (en) * 1974-08-16 1976-03-16 Codman & Shurtleff, Inc. Light inclining accessory for slit lamp
US4331392A (en) * 1977-08-16 1982-05-25 Tokyo Kogaku Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha Ophthalmoscopic slit lamp
EP0038525A1 (de) * 1980-04-18 1981-10-28 Firma Carl Zeiss Augenrefraktometer
US4461551A (en) * 1981-05-27 1984-07-24 Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung Portable ophthalmological instrument for selective examination of anterior or posterior regions of the eye
US4762409A (en) * 1986-04-07 1988-08-09 Swannie Mark K Light bulb unit for a slit lamp
US5363155A (en) * 1993-02-18 1994-11-08 Ehud Urinowski Eye examination apparatus and accessory therefor
WO2000059367A1 (de) * 1999-03-30 2000-10-12 G. Rodenstock Instrumente Gmbh Anordnung zur ermittlung und regelung der lichtstärke für spaltlampen und spaltleuchtenprojektoren
US6283596B1 (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-09-04 Nidek Co., Ltd. Slit-lamp biomicroscope
US20090059208A1 (en) * 2006-05-08 2009-03-05 Norbert Steffens Apparatus and method for a combined interferometric and image based geometric determination, particularly in the microsystem technology
US8072608B2 (en) * 2006-05-08 2011-12-06 Carl Mahr Holding Gmbh Apparatus and method for a combined interferometric and image based geometric determination, particularly in the microsystem technology
WO2009030446A3 (de) * 2007-09-04 2009-04-30 Zeiss Carl Meditec Ag Energiesparendes medizinisches gerät
US20100308994A1 (en) * 2007-09-04 2010-12-09 Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag Energy saving medical device
US8325037B2 (en) 2007-09-04 2012-12-04 Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag Energy saving medical device
US8465295B2 (en) 2008-02-06 2013-06-18 The Mitre Corporation Fluid percussion system and method for modeling penetrating brain injury
US9541262B2 (en) 2014-12-30 2017-01-10 LIGHTING and SUPPLIES, INC Shabbat bulb
US11064883B2 (en) * 2019-02-01 2021-07-20 Brett Bartelen Slit lamp with cantilevered base

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2233969A1 (ja) 1975-01-17
CH577821A5 (ja) 1976-07-30
DD114204A5 (ja) 1975-07-12
DE2430263A1 (de) 1975-01-23
FR2233969B1 (ja) 1978-03-24
JPS5037284A (ja) 1975-04-07

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