US3827968A - Aromatization process - Google Patents

Aromatization process Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3827968A
US3827968A US00322812A US32281273A US3827968A US 3827968 A US3827968 A US 3827968A US 00322812 A US00322812 A US 00322812A US 32281273 A US32281273 A US 32281273A US 3827968 A US3827968 A US 3827968A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
zsm
product
gas
feed
stage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00322812A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
E Givens
C Plank
E Rosinski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mobil Oil AS
ExxonMobil Oil Corp
Original Assignee
Mobil Oil AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mobil Oil AS filed Critical Mobil Oil AS
Priority to US00322812A priority Critical patent/US3827968A/en
Priority to CA187,100A priority patent/CA1021357A/en
Priority to GB5853473A priority patent/GB1442364A/en
Priority to FR7400125A priority patent/FR2322917A1/fr
Priority to IT19040/74A priority patent/IT1006710B/it
Priority to BE139630A priority patent/BE809523A/xx
Priority to DE2400946A priority patent/DE2400946A1/de
Priority to NLAANVRAGE7400438,A priority patent/NL180833C/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3827968A publication Critical patent/US3827968A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C15/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G35/00—Reforming naphtha
    • C10G35/04—Catalytic reforming
    • C10G35/06—Catalytic reforming characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G35/095—Catalytic reforming characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
    • C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • C07C2529/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11

Definitions

  • This invention relates to manufacturing gasoline. It more particularly refers to improved techniques for upgrading relatively low octane number feed stocks to products of substantially higher octane number and therefore of substantially greater economic value.
  • Application Serial No. 253,942 more recently filed on May 17, 1972 now Pat. No. 3,756,942, whose disclosure is also incorporated herein by reference, discloses a similar process to that of aforesaid Application Ser. No. 3,- 855 now Pat. No. 3,760,024 in that it is directed to contacting a feedstock having a boiling range of C to those fractions wherein at least 50 volume percent boils no higher than 250 F, with acrystalline aluminosilicate zeolite of the ZSM-S type at a space velocity equivalent to about 1 to 15 WHSV, a pressure up to about 35 atmospheres and a temperature of about 650 to 1500 F.
  • the particular combination of these individual operating parameters suited to use with any particular feedstock is to be chosen so that at least 30 grams of aromatics will be produced per 100 grams of aromatizable content of the feedstock.
  • the catalyst used for this known process has been stated to be a ZSM-S type of catalyst which includes ice ZSM-5, ZSM-8, ZSM-ll and other zeolites having substantially the same crystalline structure.
  • ZSM-5 is disclosed and claimed in copending application Ser. No. 865,472, filed Oct. 10, 1969 now 'Pat. No. 3,702,886;
  • ZMS-S is disclosed and claimed in copending application Ser. No. 865,418, filed Oct. 10, 1969 now abandoned and
  • ZSM11 is disclosed and claimed in copending application Ser. No. 31,421 filed Apr. 23, 1970 now Pat. No. 3,709,979.
  • ZSM-5 compositions has the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern set forth in Table 1 hereinbelow.
  • ZSM-S compositions can also be identified, in terms of mole ratios of oxide, as follows:
  • M is a cation
  • n is the valence of said cation
  • W is the valence of said cation
  • the zeolite has a formula, in terms of mole ratios of oxides, as follows:
  • Z11 0 and M is selected from the group consisting of a mixture of alkali metal cations, especially sodium and alkyl ammonium ions, especially tetraalkylammonium cations, the alkyl groups of which preferably contain 2-5 carbon atoms.
  • W is aluminum
  • Y is silicon and the silica/alumina mole ratio is at least 15, preferably at least 30.
  • ZSM-S zeolites which include ZSM-S, ZSM-8 and ZSM11 possess a definite dis-.
  • this X-ray diffraction pattern is characteristic of all the species of ZSM-5 compositions. Ion exchange of the sodium ion with other cations reveals substantially the same pattern with some minor shifts in interplanar spacing and variation in relative intensity. Other minor variations can occur, depending on the silicon to aluminum ratio of the particular sample, as well as if it has been subjected to thermal treatment.
  • Zeolite ZSM-S can be suitably prepared by preparing a solution containing water, tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide and the elements of sodium oxide, an oxide of aluminum or gallium and an oxide of silica, and having a composition, in terms of mole ratios of oxides, falling within the following ranges:
  • reaction conditions consist of a temperature of from about 75 C. to 175 C. for a period of about six hours to 60 days. A more preferred temperature range is from about 90 to 150 C., with the amount of time at a temperature in such range being from about 12 hours to 20 days.
  • the digestion of the gel particles is carried out until crystals form.
  • the solid product is separated from the reaction medium, as by cooling the whole to room temperature, filtering and water washing.
  • ZSM-S is preferably formed as an aluminosilicate.
  • the composition can be prepared utilizing materials which supply the elements of the appropriate oxide. Such compositions include, for an aluminosilicate, sodium aluminate, alumina, sodium silicate, silica hydrosol, silica gel, silicic acid, sodium hydroxide and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide. It will be understood that each oxide component utilized in the reaction mixture for preparing a member of the ZSM-S family can be supplied by one or more initial reactants and they can be mixed together in any order.
  • sodium oxide can be supplied by an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, or by an aqueous solution of sodium silicate; tetrapropylammonium cation can be supplied by the bromide salt.
  • the reaction mixture can the prepared either batchwise or continuously. Crystal size and crystallization time of the ZSM-S composition will vary with the nature of the reaction mixture employed.
  • ZSM-8 can also be identified, in terms of mole ratios of oxides, as follows:
  • the zeolite has a formula, in terms of mole ratios of oxides, as follows:
  • Tetraethylammonium hydroxide/SiO from about 0.08
  • the zeolite has a formula, in terms of mole ratios of oxides, as follows:
  • s10, z H20 and M is selected from the group consisting of a mixture of alkali metal cations, especially sodium, and tetrabutylammonium cations.
  • ZSM-ll can be suitably prepared by preparing a solution containing (R X) O, sodium oxide, an oxide of aluminum or gallium, an oxide of silicon or germanium and water and having a composition, in terms of mole ratios of oxides, falling within the following ranges:
  • R.,)( is a cation of a quaternary compound of an element of Group 5A of the Periodic Table
  • W is aluminum or gallium
  • Y is silicon or germanium maintaining the mixture until crystals of the zeolite are formed.
  • crystallization is performed under pressure in an autoclave or static bomb reactor. The temperature ranges from 100 C.200 C. generally, but at lower temperatures, e.g. about 100 C. crystallization time is longer. Thereafter the crystals are separated from the liquid and recovered.
  • the new zeolite is preferably formed in an aluminosilicate form.
  • An embodiment of this catalyst resides in the use of a porous matrix together with the ZSM-S type family of zeolite previously described.
  • the zeolite can be combined, dispersed, or otherwise intimately admixed with.
  • porous matrix in such proportions that resulting products contain from 1 to by weight and preferably from 10 to 70% by weight of the zeolite in the final composite.
  • porous matrix includes inorganic compositions with which the zeolites can be combined, dispersed or otherwise intimately admixed wherein the matrix may be catalytically active or inactive. It is to be understood that the porosity of the composition employed as a matrix can be either inherent in the particular material or it can be introduced by mechanical or chemical means.
  • Representative of matrices which can be employed include metals and alloys thereof, sintered metals, and sintered glass, asbestos, silicon carbide, aggregates, pumice, firebrick, diatomaceous earths, alumina and inorganic oxides. Inorganic oxide compositions, especially those comprising alumina and those of a siliceous nature are preferred. Of these matrices inorganic oxides such as clay, chemically treated clays, silica, silica alumina, etc. as well as alumina, are particularly preferred because of their superior porosity, attrition resistance and stability.
  • zeolites particularly synthetic zeolites, can have their composition modified by impregnating certain metals thereonto and/or thereinto.
  • the composition can also be modified by exchanging various anions and/or cations into the crystal structure of the zeolite, replacing more or less of the ions originally present upon production of the zeolite.
  • the ZSM-S type family of zeolites have been found to be especially active for aromatization if they have at least a portion of the original cations associated therewith replaced by any of a wide variety of other cations according to techniques well known in the art.
  • Typical replacing cations would include hydrogen, ammonium, and metal cations, including mixtures of the same.
  • Particularly effective members of the ZSM-5 type family of zeolites are those which have been base exchanged with hydrogen ions, ammonium ions, zinc ions or mixtures thereof. Most especially zinc ZSM-S is the best presently known catalyst for aromatizations as set forth.
  • Typical ion exchange techniques would be to contact a ZSM-5 type of zeolite with a salt of the desired replacing cation or cations.
  • a wide variety of salts can be employed, particular preference is given to chlorides, nitrates and sulfates.
  • a desired metallic component onto the ZSM-5 type family of zeolites by techniques other than ion exchange.
  • a desired metallic component such as zinc, platinum or palladium
  • impregnate a desired metallic component, such as zinc, platinum or palladium, thereinto by conventional impregnation techniques, as well as merely depositing the elemental metal onto the particular zeolite and in some cases, such as with zinc oxides, to incorporate the metal by physical admixture of the zeolite with an insoluble metal compound.
  • the zeolites are preferably washed with water and dried at a temperature ranging from 150 to about 600 -F. and thereafter heated in air or inert gas at temperatures ranging from about 500 F. to 1500" F. for periods of time ranging from 1 to 48 hours or more. It is noted that this heat treatment can be carried out in situ, i.e. while the particular aromatization reaction is taking place, but it is preferred to carry it out as a separate step prior to carrying out the aromatization reaction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is similar to FIG. 1 showing an alternate flow sequence
  • FIG. 3 is similar to FIGS. 1 and 2 showing another alternative flow sequence.
  • one aspect of this invention resides in a process comprising feeding a gaseous C to C olefin-containing stream into contact with a ZSM-5 type of zeolite in the absence of added hydrogen, at about 550 to 850 R, up to about 800 p.s.i.g. and about 0.5 to 50 WHSV under such combination of conditions, dependent upon the exact feed composition, to produce a product having a liquid portion consisting principally of C to C olefins which may have minor amounts of parafiins and/ or aromatics and/or naphthenes admixed therewith.
  • This liquid product has a substantially improved octane value as compared to the feed and can be used directly as gasoline blend stock.
  • this aromatization will utilize a ZSM-S type of catalyst, preferably Zn ZSM- 5, a temperature higher than that used in the first, or oliigomerization, stage of about 800 to 1200 F., a pressure of about 1 to 10 atmospheres and a lower space velocity equivalent to about 0.1 to 10 WHSV.
  • the aromatization takes place in the absence of added hydrogen.
  • the particular combination of conditions chosen for this second, or aromatization stage is of course dependent upon the exact composition of the liquid feed thereto as well as upon the composition of the product desired therefrom.
  • the product of the aromatization stage is partly liquid and partly gas with the liquid being substantially all, at least about 90%, aromatic in nature and the gas being principally paraffinic C; and hydrogen.
  • the gas product streams of either the first or the second stages or both can be recycled for feeding to the first and/or second stages to extinction. These streams or one of them can be taken oif and used as fuel. One or both of these streams can be fed to a pyrolysis unit in order to make more low molecular weight olefins for charging to the first stage oligomerizer.
  • the first and second stage catalysts have been noted to be zeolites of the ZSM5 type. These catalysts can be in particulate form of a size sufiicient to be in a fixed or fluidized bed.
  • the catalyst bed, and in fact the reactor itself, may be designed for downfiow or upfiow of raw material feed therethrough.
  • the catalysts may be the same or diiferent in each stage.
  • the zeolite in the first stage may be exchanged and/or impregnated with nickel, zinc, copper, platinum, palladium, calmium, silver or mixtures thereof.
  • the first stage catalyst is subject to substantially less severe operating conditions than is the second stage catalyst and therefore there can be used in this first stage a zeolite catalyst which has been partially deactivated through use either in the second stage of this process or in another process, such as cracking or hydrocracking.
  • the feed to the first stage of the process described herein may be all or part of the gas product stream from a fluid or thermofor catalytic cracker (FCC or TCC) or it may be the gaseous byproduct from a riser cracking unit. This type feed will generally contain hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide and C5 olefins and parafiins.
  • This first stage feed may be a C cut from the gaseous overhead leaving a cracking unit. Such feed will also contain significant amounts of hydrogen and perhaps some hydrogen sulfide. Similarly the gas stream from a coking unit, a pyrolysis unit or an unsaturates plant can be used as feed. The C cut from cracked gasoline also serves as an adequate oligomerization feed stream.
  • the feed contains parafiins as well as unsaturates of the Cf, C nC iC (if and mixed C types.
  • These various gas streams can be mixed together and jointly fed into and through the oligomerizer to produce a mixed gas-liquid product.
  • the liquid product can be stored, accumulated, blended into gasoline or some mixture of these three. It can preferably, however, be used as feed to a second stage aromatizer. In this regard it should be noted that the liquid product can be used partially as feed to the aromatizer and partially as gasoline blend stock.
  • the gas product evolved from the oligomerizer is a highly paralfinic stream which is principally C although it may save some C paraffinic material therein.
  • This gas may be recycled to extinction in the oligomerizer, however, it is quite difficult to work with parafiins and to oligomerize and dehydrogenate them under the mild conditions of the instant first stage. It is therefore preferred to utilize at least part of this gas product stream as feed to a pyrolysis unit, perhaps the same one feeding the fresh feed to the first stage, or perhaps to a methanization process for making synthetic natural gas. If needed, this gas product, which may comprise up to about 50% of the product evolved from the first stage, can be used as fuel in this process or in other parts of the refinery.
  • the gas product will usually contain significant quantities of isoC parafiins which are good blend stock for combining with cracked gasoline.
  • the second or aromatization process is made considerably more efiicient by having its feed limited to the liquid phase product of the first stage oligomerization. This is mainly olefinic and possibly slightly naphthenic-With perhaps some small quantity of aromatics which were formed in the first stage.
  • the paraifins in the original feed have mostly gone overhead and out of the picture at least as far as the direct production of aromatics is concerned.
  • This aromatization stage produces a gas/liquid mixed product of its own of which the liquid is the'more valuable, highly aromatic, high octane portion.
  • Thegas byproduct will amount up to about 50% of the total product from the aromatizer and will be principally composed of hydrogen and C; parafiins.
  • the original C gaseous feed may be converted to aromatics to an extent of only about 25% (about 50% converted to liquid oligomers in the first stage and about 50% of that converted to aromatics in the second stage). Therefore, it is most important to the economic viability of this process to utilize the gas product streams to their greatest advantage.
  • the least advantageous use of these gas streams is as fuel.
  • a petroleum refinery is delicately heat balanced. Since certain refinery operations are endothermic (e.g., reforming), it may be necessary to use part of the gas byproduct hereof as fuel to make up this heat requirement.
  • the gas byproduct contains sufficient quantities of crackable parafiins to make it an excellent feed to a pyrolysis unit.
  • the gas byproduct should be used at least in part as a recycle stream to the pyrolysis unit.
  • hydrogen should be stripped from the gas byproduct before recycle. Accumulated hydrogen sulfide should be separated from the gas byproduct.
  • a gas stream 1 of C is admixed with a recycle C gas stream 2 and fed as a mixed stream 3 into intimate contact with a ZSM-S type of oligomerization catalyst 4 in a first stage reactor 5.
  • a product 6 is produced in this first stage which is passed through a gas-liquid separator 7 from which a gas C product 8 is evolved which becomes part of the recycle stream 2 and from which a liquid product 9 is evolved.
  • the intermediate liquid product 9 is fed into intimate contact with a ZSM-S type of aromatization catalyst 10 in a second stage reactor 11.
  • a mixed gas-liquid product 12 is generated out of this second stage reactor 11 which is passed to a second gas-liquid separator 13.
  • a gas prod uct 14 is taken from the second gas-liquid separator 13 which is wholly or partially recycled 15 for combination with the gas 8 evolved from the first stage separator 7 from the recycle stream 2. If desired, a part of this gas 14 can be taken as product 17 for other uses (not shown).
  • a liquid product 16 from the second separator 13 is rich in aromatics and is the most valuable product produced in this process.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a slightly modified process for maximizing aromatics production from this process.
  • a gas stream 21, of C is combined with an olefin rich recycle stream 22 and the mixed feed stream 23 is fed into intimate contact with a ZSM-S type of oligomerization catalyst 24 in a first stage reactor 25.
  • the product 26 from this first stage reactor is mixed gas 27 and liquid 28 which are resolved in a first separator 29.
  • the liquid product 28 is suitably split into a gasoline blend stock and a feed 30 to a second stage aromatization reactor 31.
  • the feed 30 is intimately contacted in the second stage reactor 31 with a ZSM-S type of aromatization catalyst 32 whereupon a mixed gas-liquid product 33 is evolved which is resolved in a second separator 34 into an aromatics rich liquid product 35 and a C gas product 36.
  • the two gas products 27 and 36 are combined 37 and fed to a pyrolysis unit 38 to convert paraffins therein to olefins.
  • the product 39 of this pyrolysis is separated 40 into an olefin rich stream 22 which is recycled as aforesaid and a paraffin rich-hydrogen rich stream 41 is recovered.
  • the olefin-paraifin splitter 40 can be omitted and the pyrolysis product 39 recycled in its entirety.
  • a C feed stream 51 is intimately contacted with a ZSM-S type of oligomerization catalyst 52 in a first stage oligomerization reactor 53 to produce a mixed gas-liquid product 54 which is resolved in a gas-liquid separator 55 into a C gas stream 56 and a C to C liquid product 57.
  • the gas stream 56 is passed through a pyrolysis unit 57 to produce a product 58 comprising substantial quantities of olefins.
  • the olefins 59 are separated 60 from the rest of the product 58 and combined with at least part 61 of the liquid product 57 from oligomerizer. A portion 62 of this liquid product is shown being taken oil? as direct gasoline blend stock.
  • the C -C liquid product 61 from the first stage 53 and olefin product 59 from the pyrolysis 57 are mixed 63 and fed into intimate contact with a ZSM-S type of aromatization catalyst 64 in a second stage, aromatization reactor 65 whereupon a mixed gas-liquid product 66 is produced.
  • This mixed product 66 is resolved in a second separator 67 into an aromatic rich liquid product 68 and a C4 mostly paraffinic and hydrogen gas 69 which is taken as a gas byproduct for such uses as have been outlined above or others.
  • the pyrolysis product 58 after having the olefins content thereof 59 removed in the olefin-paraffin splitter 60, also yields a C +hydrogen gas 70 byproduct which is mostly paraffinic.
  • the two gas products 69 and 70 can be combined or used separately as noted above as feed to pyrolysis, for methanization, as fuel or a source of LPG and hydrogen, or a combination of any or all of these.
  • Example 1 Propylene was intimately contacted with a nickel exchanged HZSM-S catalyst at 13.65 WHSV and 600 F. for 28 hours.
  • the following Table 1 shows the product composition as a function of on stream time. No recycle was used.
  • the octane number of the liquid product at the end of the run was 96 clear RON.
  • Example 2 The liquid product of Example 1 was subjected to aromatization by contacting it with Zn ZSM-S catalyst at 1.0 WHSV and 950 F.
  • Table 2 gives product distribution as a function of time on stream.
  • a process which comprises contacting a C olefincontaining gas stream with a first ZSM-S type of synthetic aluminosilicate zeolite catalyset at about 550 to 850 F., at about 0.1 to 800' p.s.i.g., at a space velocity equivalent to about 0.5 to 50 WHSV and in the absence of added hydrogen under such combination of conditions to produce a product consisting of up to about 50% of a first gas and a first liquid comprising C -C olefins; contacting at least a portion of said first liquid product with a second ZSM-S type of synthetic aluminosilicate zeolite catalyst at about 800 to 1200 F., about 1 to 10 atmospheres, a space velocity equivalent to about 0.1 to 10 WHSV andin the absence of added hydrogen under such combination of conditions, more severe than those specified with respect to said first catalyst, to produce a product consisting of up to about 50% of a second gas and a second liquid comprising at least about 75% aromatics.
  • a process as claimed in claim 1 including subjecting at least some of said gas product to pyrolysis under conditions sufficient to convert paraffins therein to olefins and feeding at least the olefins portion of the pyrolysis product in to contact with said first catalyst.
  • a process as claimed in claim 1 including subjecting at least some of said gas product to pyrolysis under conditions suflicient to convert paraflins therein to olefins and feeding at least the olefins portion of the pyrolysis product in to contact with said second catalyst.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US00322812A 1973-01-11 1973-01-11 Aromatization process Expired - Lifetime US3827968A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00322812A US3827968A (en) 1973-01-11 1973-01-11 Aromatization process
CA187,100A CA1021357A (en) 1973-01-11 1973-11-30 Aromatization process
GB5853473A GB1442364A (en) 1973-01-11 1973-12-18 Aromatization process
IT19040/74A IT1006710B (it) 1973-01-11 1974-01-03 Procedimento perfezionato di aro matizzazione
FR7400125A FR2322917A1 (fr) 1973-01-11 1974-01-03 Procede ameliore d'aromatisation
BE139630A BE809523A (fr) 1973-01-11 1974-01-08 Procede pour former des hydrocarbures aromatiques
DE2400946A DE2400946A1 (de) 1973-01-11 1974-01-09 Aromatisierungsverfahren
NLAANVRAGE7400438,A NL180833C (nl) 1973-01-11 1974-01-11 Werkwijze ter bereiding van aromaten, door omzetting van alkenen met behulp van een zsm-5 type katalysator.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00322812A US3827968A (en) 1973-01-11 1973-01-11 Aromatization process

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3827968A true US3827968A (en) 1974-08-06

Family

ID=23256538

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00322812A Expired - Lifetime US3827968A (en) 1973-01-11 1973-01-11 Aromatization process

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3827968A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE809523A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1021357A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2400946A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2322917A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1442364A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1006710B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL180833C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3960978A (en) * 1974-09-05 1976-06-01 Mobil Oil Corporation Converting low molecular weight olefins over zeolites
US4070411A (en) * 1975-03-26 1978-01-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Conversion of lower olefins to isobutane
US4227992A (en) * 1979-05-24 1980-10-14 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for separating ethylene from light olefin mixtures while producing both gasoline and fuel oil
US4347394A (en) * 1980-12-10 1982-08-31 Chevron Research Company Benzene synthesis
US4359378A (en) * 1979-04-16 1982-11-16 Chevron Research Company Catalytic cracking process for improved octane
US4414423A (en) * 1981-09-25 1983-11-08 Chevron Research Company Multistep oligomerization process
US4417088A (en) * 1981-09-25 1983-11-22 Chevron Research Company Oligomerization of liquid olefins
US4423269A (en) * 1981-09-25 1983-12-27 Chevron Research Company Oligomerization of gaseous olefins
US4433185A (en) * 1983-04-04 1984-02-21 Mobil Oil Corporation Two stage system for catalytic conversion of olefins with distillate and gasoline modes
US4444988A (en) * 1982-07-22 1984-04-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Use of liquefied propane and butane or butane recycle to control heat of reaction of converting olefins to gasoline and distillate
US4458097A (en) * 1982-04-30 1984-07-03 Union Carbide Corporation Conversion of certain hydrocarbons using divalent-copper-containing ZSM-5 type catalyst
US4483760A (en) * 1983-06-30 1984-11-20 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for dewaxing middle distillates
US4511747A (en) * 1984-02-01 1985-04-16 Mobil Oil Corporation Light olefin conversion to heavier hydrocarbons with sorption recovery of unreacted olefin vapor
US4511746A (en) * 1981-09-25 1985-04-16 Chevron Research Company Low activity catalyst oligomerization process
US4527001A (en) * 1983-11-15 1985-07-02 Union Carbide Corporation Small olefin interconversions
US4528414A (en) * 1983-11-15 1985-07-09 Union Carbide Corporation Olefin oligomerization
EP0135385A3 (en) * 1983-09-19 1986-03-12 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for the conversion of olefinic compounds into high viscosity lubes
US4582949A (en) * 1984-05-18 1986-04-15 Shell Oil Company Process for the preparation of an aromatic hydrocarbon mixture
US4605807A (en) * 1984-04-27 1986-08-12 Atlantic Richfield Company Process for catalytic conversion of ethylene to higher hydrocarbons
US4612406A (en) * 1983-11-15 1986-09-16 Union Carbide Corporation Olefin oligomerization
US4613721A (en) * 1983-11-15 1986-09-23 Union Carbide Corporation Small olefin interconversions
US4704494A (en) * 1984-08-15 1987-11-03 Showa Shell Sekiyu Kabushiki Kaisha Conversion process of aromatic hydrocarbon from low molecular paraffin hydrocarbon
US4717782A (en) * 1985-09-13 1988-01-05 Mobil Oil Corporation Catalytic process for oligomerizing ethene
US4740645A (en) * 1984-09-14 1988-04-26 Mobil Oil Corporation Multistage conversion of lower olefins with interreactor quenching
US4740648A (en) * 1985-03-11 1988-04-26 Union Carbide Corporation Conversion of olefins to liquid motor fuels
US4746763A (en) * 1987-04-22 1988-05-24 Uop Inc. Process for producing aromatic compounds from C2 -C6 aliphatic hydrocarbons
US4788364A (en) * 1987-12-22 1988-11-29 Mobil Oil Corporation Conversion of paraffins to gasoline
US4788370A (en) * 1986-05-13 1988-11-29 Mobil Oil Corporation Catalytic conversion
US4827069A (en) * 1988-02-19 1989-05-02 Mobil Oil Corporation Upgrading light olefin fuel gas and catalytic reformate in a turbulent fluidized bed catalyst reactor
US4851602A (en) * 1988-04-11 1989-07-25 Mobil Oil Corporation Alkanes and alkenes conversion to high octane gasoline
WO1989007586A1 (en) * 1988-02-19 1989-08-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for the production of gasoline from fuel gas and catalytic reformate
US4879424A (en) * 1988-09-19 1989-11-07 Mobil Oil Corporation Conversion of alkanes to gasoline
US4885420A (en) * 1988-10-31 1989-12-05 Uop Process for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from olefinic hydrocarbons
US4891457A (en) * 1985-09-13 1990-01-02 Hartley Owen Multistage process for converting olefins to heavier hydrocarbons
US4897245A (en) * 1984-02-01 1990-01-30 Mobil Oil Corp. Catalytic reactor system for conversion of light olefin to heavier hydrocarbons with sorption recovery of unreacted olefin vapor
US4992607A (en) * 1989-03-20 1991-02-12 Mobil Oil Corporation Petroleum refinery process and apparatus for the production of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons from fuel gas and catalytic reformate
US5004852A (en) * 1989-08-24 1991-04-02 Mobil Oil Corp. Two-stage process for conversion of olefins to high octane gasoline
USRE34189E (en) * 1987-12-22 1993-03-02 Mobil Oil Corporation Conversion of paraffins to gasoline
US5773676A (en) * 1996-08-06 1998-06-30 Phillips Petroleum Company Process for producing olefins and aromatics from non-aromatics
US5932777A (en) * 1997-07-23 1999-08-03 Phillips Petroleum Company Hydrocarbon conversion
US20070170093A1 (en) * 2004-04-22 2007-07-26 Sang-Mun Jeong Hydrocarbon cracking catalyst and method for preparing the same
US20090299109A1 (en) * 2007-12-03 2009-12-03 Gruber Patrick R Renewable Compositions
US8373012B2 (en) 2010-05-07 2013-02-12 Gevo, Inc. Renewable jet fuel blendstock from isobutanol
US8378160B2 (en) 2007-12-03 2013-02-19 Gevo, Inc. Renewable compositions
US8450543B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2013-05-28 Gevo, Inc. Integrated methods of preparing renewable chemicals
US8742187B2 (en) 2011-04-19 2014-06-03 Gevo, Inc. Variations on prins-like chemistry to produce 2,5-dimethylhexadiene from isobutanol
CN103834437A (zh) * 2012-11-27 2014-06-04 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种低碳烃临氢芳构化的工艺方法
US8835706B2 (en) 2009-11-02 2014-09-16 Shell Oil Company Process for the conversion of mixed lower alkanes to aromatic hydrocarbons
US20240010584A1 (en) * 2022-07-05 2024-01-11 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Flexible production of benzene and derivatives thereof via oligomerization of ethylene

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9015864D0 (en) * 1990-07-19 1990-09-05 British Petroleum Co Plc Two stage process for conversion of hydrocarbons

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA822162A (en) * 1969-09-02 B. Weisz Paul Hydrocarbon conversion process
DE1518745A1 (de) * 1957-05-01 1969-05-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Verwendung von kristallinen zeolithischen Metallaluminiumsilicaten als Katalysatorenzum Aromatisieren von Kohlenwasserstoffen
US3374282A (en) * 1967-02-01 1968-03-19 Dow Chemical Co Method of preparing aromatic hydrocarbons from propylene hydrocarbons

Cited By (55)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3960978A (en) * 1974-09-05 1976-06-01 Mobil Oil Corporation Converting low molecular weight olefins over zeolites
US4070411A (en) * 1975-03-26 1978-01-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Conversion of lower olefins to isobutane
US4359378A (en) * 1979-04-16 1982-11-16 Chevron Research Company Catalytic cracking process for improved octane
US4227992A (en) * 1979-05-24 1980-10-14 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for separating ethylene from light olefin mixtures while producing both gasoline and fuel oil
US4347394A (en) * 1980-12-10 1982-08-31 Chevron Research Company Benzene synthesis
US4417088A (en) * 1981-09-25 1983-11-22 Chevron Research Company Oligomerization of liquid olefins
US4423269A (en) * 1981-09-25 1983-12-27 Chevron Research Company Oligomerization of gaseous olefins
US4414423A (en) * 1981-09-25 1983-11-08 Chevron Research Company Multistep oligomerization process
US4511746A (en) * 1981-09-25 1985-04-16 Chevron Research Company Low activity catalyst oligomerization process
US4458097A (en) * 1982-04-30 1984-07-03 Union Carbide Corporation Conversion of certain hydrocarbons using divalent-copper-containing ZSM-5 type catalyst
US4444988A (en) * 1982-07-22 1984-04-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Use of liquefied propane and butane or butane recycle to control heat of reaction of converting olefins to gasoline and distillate
US4433185A (en) * 1983-04-04 1984-02-21 Mobil Oil Corporation Two stage system for catalytic conversion of olefins with distillate and gasoline modes
US4483760A (en) * 1983-06-30 1984-11-20 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for dewaxing middle distillates
EP0135385A3 (en) * 1983-09-19 1986-03-12 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for the conversion of olefinic compounds into high viscosity lubes
US4527001A (en) * 1983-11-15 1985-07-02 Union Carbide Corporation Small olefin interconversions
US4612406A (en) * 1983-11-15 1986-09-16 Union Carbide Corporation Olefin oligomerization
US4613721A (en) * 1983-11-15 1986-09-23 Union Carbide Corporation Small olefin interconversions
US4528414A (en) * 1983-11-15 1985-07-09 Union Carbide Corporation Olefin oligomerization
US4511747A (en) * 1984-02-01 1985-04-16 Mobil Oil Corporation Light olefin conversion to heavier hydrocarbons with sorption recovery of unreacted olefin vapor
US4897245A (en) * 1984-02-01 1990-01-30 Mobil Oil Corp. Catalytic reactor system for conversion of light olefin to heavier hydrocarbons with sorption recovery of unreacted olefin vapor
US4605807A (en) * 1984-04-27 1986-08-12 Atlantic Richfield Company Process for catalytic conversion of ethylene to higher hydrocarbons
US4582949A (en) * 1984-05-18 1986-04-15 Shell Oil Company Process for the preparation of an aromatic hydrocarbon mixture
US4704494A (en) * 1984-08-15 1987-11-03 Showa Shell Sekiyu Kabushiki Kaisha Conversion process of aromatic hydrocarbon from low molecular paraffin hydrocarbon
US4740645A (en) * 1984-09-14 1988-04-26 Mobil Oil Corporation Multistage conversion of lower olefins with interreactor quenching
US4740648A (en) * 1985-03-11 1988-04-26 Union Carbide Corporation Conversion of olefins to liquid motor fuels
US4717782A (en) * 1985-09-13 1988-01-05 Mobil Oil Corporation Catalytic process for oligomerizing ethene
US4891457A (en) * 1985-09-13 1990-01-02 Hartley Owen Multistage process for converting olefins to heavier hydrocarbons
US4788370A (en) * 1986-05-13 1988-11-29 Mobil Oil Corporation Catalytic conversion
US4746763A (en) * 1987-04-22 1988-05-24 Uop Inc. Process for producing aromatic compounds from C2 -C6 aliphatic hydrocarbons
US4788364A (en) * 1987-12-22 1988-11-29 Mobil Oil Corporation Conversion of paraffins to gasoline
USRE34189E (en) * 1987-12-22 1993-03-02 Mobil Oil Corporation Conversion of paraffins to gasoline
WO1989007586A1 (en) * 1988-02-19 1989-08-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for the production of gasoline from fuel gas and catalytic reformate
US4827069A (en) * 1988-02-19 1989-05-02 Mobil Oil Corporation Upgrading light olefin fuel gas and catalytic reformate in a turbulent fluidized bed catalyst reactor
US4851602A (en) * 1988-04-11 1989-07-25 Mobil Oil Corporation Alkanes and alkenes conversion to high octane gasoline
WO1989009757A1 (en) * 1988-04-11 1989-10-19 Mobil Oil Corporation Alkanes and alkenes conversion to high octane gasoline
US4879424A (en) * 1988-09-19 1989-11-07 Mobil Oil Corporation Conversion of alkanes to gasoline
US4885420A (en) * 1988-10-31 1989-12-05 Uop Process for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from olefinic hydrocarbons
US4992607A (en) * 1989-03-20 1991-02-12 Mobil Oil Corporation Petroleum refinery process and apparatus for the production of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons from fuel gas and catalytic reformate
US5004852A (en) * 1989-08-24 1991-04-02 Mobil Oil Corp. Two-stage process for conversion of olefins to high octane gasoline
US5773676A (en) * 1996-08-06 1998-06-30 Phillips Petroleum Company Process for producing olefins and aromatics from non-aromatics
US5932777A (en) * 1997-07-23 1999-08-03 Phillips Petroleum Company Hydrocarbon conversion
US20070170093A1 (en) * 2004-04-22 2007-07-26 Sang-Mun Jeong Hydrocarbon cracking catalyst and method for preparing the same
US8546627B2 (en) 2007-12-03 2013-10-01 Gevo, Inc. Renewable compositions
US8193402B2 (en) 2007-12-03 2012-06-05 Gevo, Inc. Renewable compositions
US8378160B2 (en) 2007-12-03 2013-02-19 Gevo, Inc. Renewable compositions
US8487149B2 (en) 2007-12-03 2013-07-16 Gevo, Inc. Renewable compositions
US20090299109A1 (en) * 2007-12-03 2009-12-03 Gruber Patrick R Renewable Compositions
US8835706B2 (en) 2009-11-02 2014-09-16 Shell Oil Company Process for the conversion of mixed lower alkanes to aromatic hydrocarbons
US8450543B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2013-05-28 Gevo, Inc. Integrated methods of preparing renewable chemicals
US8373012B2 (en) 2010-05-07 2013-02-12 Gevo, Inc. Renewable jet fuel blendstock from isobutanol
US8975461B2 (en) 2010-05-07 2015-03-10 Gevo, Inc. Renewable jet fuel blendstock from isobutanol
US8742187B2 (en) 2011-04-19 2014-06-03 Gevo, Inc. Variations on prins-like chemistry to produce 2,5-dimethylhexadiene from isobutanol
CN103834437A (zh) * 2012-11-27 2014-06-04 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种低碳烃临氢芳构化的工艺方法
CN103834437B (zh) * 2012-11-27 2015-09-23 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种低碳烃临氢芳构化的工艺方法
US20240010584A1 (en) * 2022-07-05 2024-01-11 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Flexible production of benzene and derivatives thereof via oligomerization of ethylene

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7400438A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-07-15
NL180833C (nl) 1987-05-04
DE2400946C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1989-05-03
GB1442364A (en) 1976-07-14
DE2400946A1 (de) 1974-07-25
FR2322917B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-02-17
BE809523A (fr) 1974-07-08
FR2322917A1 (fr) 1977-04-01
IT1006710B (it) 1976-10-20
NL180833B (nl) 1986-12-01
CA1021357A (en) 1977-11-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3827968A (en) Aromatization process
US3845150A (en) Aromatization of hydrocarbons
US3761389A (en) Process of converting aliphatics to aromatics
CA1105494A (en) Conversion of olefinic naphtha
US3960978A (en) Converting low molecular weight olefins over zeolites
US3843741A (en) Aromatization process and catalyst therefor
US3236762A (en) Hydrocarbon conversion process with the use of a y type crystalline zeolite
US3856871A (en) Xylene isomerization
US3890218A (en) Upgrading aliphatic naphthas to higher octane gasoline
US4735929A (en) Catalytic composition for the isomerization of paraffinic hydrocarbons
CA1077455A (en) Antimony-containing catalyst, its preparation and use
US3926782A (en) Hydrocarbon conversion
CA1181437A (en) Production of aromatics from ethane and/or ethylene
USRE28398E (en) Marshall dann
US3760024A (en) Preparation of aromatics
US4120910A (en) Aromatization of ethane
US3748251A (en) Dual riser fluid catalytic cracking with zsm-5 zeolite
US4746763A (en) Process for producing aromatic compounds from C2 -C6 aliphatic hydrocarbons
US4309276A (en) Hydrocarbon conversion with low-sodium silicalite
US3843740A (en) Production of aromatics
US3827867A (en) Production of methane and aromatics
CA1165332A (en) Production of aromatic hydrocarbons from olefins
US4254295A (en) Oligomerization of olefins
US3843510A (en) Selective naphtha hydrocracking
US4085156A (en) Conversion of hydrocarbons