US3825193A - Granulating apparatus - Google Patents

Granulating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3825193A
US3825193A US00244152A US24415272A US3825193A US 3825193 A US3825193 A US 3825193A US 00244152 A US00244152 A US 00244152A US 24415272 A US24415272 A US 24415272A US 3825193 A US3825193 A US 3825193A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tools
drum
granulating
lateral parts
further including
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00244152A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Lucke
K Luke
W Lodige
F Lodige
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/12—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic in rotating drums

Definitions

  • the axial distance between adjacent tools decreases from the points to the rear ends thereof, thereby subjecting the material to a continual axial pulsating compression with subsequent expansion, thereby enhancing the granulating effect.
  • the drum can be driven in opposite directions or at a faster or slower rate than-the tools whereby optimum granulate formation can be achieved.
  • Additions of pigments are preferably employed in orderto improve the proportioning capacity of granulated materials. Especially small amounts of additions can, in automatic weighers, be rather precisely proportioned in granulated, readily trickling form.
  • a rationale for smelting ground iron ores in pellet form consists, among other considerations, in a better ore yield and more economical power utilization in the blast furnace process.
  • the position of the worm gear in the drum and the effect of this worm gear do not permit a gradual, uniform rolling-up of the powder product into granulates but form porous clumps, full of fissures and of undefined shape.
  • the present invention aims at providing an apparatus free fromthe aforementioned shortcomings and adaptable, in a simple manner, and without constructional changes, to the most varied granulating properties of the loose, finely grained and/or powdered products to be granulated.
  • the invention provides an ap-, paratus of the general type mentioned above in combination with a separately driven and rotating granulating tool system which moves centrally in the rotary drum and relative to the inner wall thereof.
  • the tools are spaced at constant radial distances from the drum wall,
  • German Pat. 1,262,238 a granulating drum is described in which the material that rolls up when the drum rotates is alternately slightly compacted and expanded by fixed semi-circular baffle plates which rotate along with the drum.
  • baffle plates present the great disadvantage that they make structurally impossible the additional installation of deposit-reducing devices, such as rollers or scrapers. For this reason the use of such a granulator is possible only to a very limited extent in moist granulation, so that in practice it is restricted to dry granulation with products not subject to deposit formation.
  • German Pat. 706,090 For the lumping of powder, for example, cementitious material, a further apparatus is explained in German Pat. 706,090, wherein a worm conveyor, eccentrically positioned in a rotary drum and having sections of creases from the points to the rear ends thereof. Individual metal sheet covers permit a gradual changing over, at the rear ends of the tools (relative to the direction of rotation), to a .round shape parallel to the rounded section of the rotary drum.
  • this apparatus is provided with a cylindrical rotary drum with tools rotating therein centrally about the longitudinal drum axis and movable relative to the inner drum wall.
  • the advantageous adaptability is based on the relative speed, according to the invention, of the motion of the drum and the tools about a common center.
  • various relative motions can be set according to the invention by securing the tools in position while only the drum rotates, or permitting the tools to be driven in the same direction but at the same speed or at a faster speed than the drum.
  • the deposit layer forming in moist granulations at the inner drum wall cannot become heavier than permitted by the distance, constant everywhere, of the granulating tools from the inner drum wall, since a deposit that grows beyond this distance is continuously scraped off in a delicate manner by the edges of the tools and refed to the granulating process in a fine form.
  • the tools are mounted on a rotatable shaft, supported inside and outside the container and extending concentrically relative to the drum. This makes it possible to turn the container with respect to the tools mounted on the shaft, which may be stationary, or, alternatively, the tools are capable of being driven independently of the rotary motion of the drum.
  • the granulating tools of the invention are wedgeshaped, seen in the direction of rotation, and consist of three parts, namely, two lateral parts which form the wedge of the invention, and one metal sheet cover facing the drum center. Each tool is spaced at a constant radial distance from the drum wall, and the lateral parts are covered in such a manner that the cover sheet forms at the rear end of the tool a stepless transition to the container curvature.
  • the tools are distributed in at least two, and preferably three or more, rows along the periphery of the shaft and fastened to arms, the axial distance between two adjacent tools, due to the wedgelike shape thereof, being larger at the tool points than at the end.
  • the reduction in distance should first be greater and then decrease as the tool length in creases.
  • the two ends of the rotary drum are partly closed with annular diaphragms.
  • the diaphragm aperture is preferably one-third larger in diameter than the diaphragm aperature provided for the discharge of the material.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the entire apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of two adjacent granulating tools taken on line III-III of FIG. 2, and
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the granulating tools.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a cylindrical drum 1 supported on rollers 2 so as to rotate about its longitudinal axis.
  • Drum 1 can be driven in various ways, for example, by means of an adjustable drive, not shown, which acts upon at least one of the rollers 2.
  • shaft 3 Extending centrally through the drum 1 is a shaft 3 on which are mounted radial arms 4 for mounting the granulating tools 5.
  • the tools 5 have also been illustrated as 50, 5b and 5c in order to distinguish one row of tools from the others, although it should be understood that the tools are identical.
  • shaft 3 is supported in a bearing 6 outside drum 1 and in a bearing 7 supported by spokes 8 within drum 1, and is driven by an infinitely variable drive 9, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1.
  • Each of the tools 5 includes two lateral parts commonly designated at 13 and a metal sheet cover 14 which extends between and thus encloses one side of the lateral parts 13.
  • the radial arm is permanently connected to the cover 14, as shown by the weldments in FIG. 2.
  • drum 1, and shaft 3 with the granulating tools 5 can be driven at different speeds, and drum 1 can be rotated in the opposite directions. While in such opposite direction of rotation of the drum, the shaft 3 can if desired be held stationary thereby leaving the tools 5 at rest.
  • annular shutters l0 and 11 are provided at the feeding and discharge ends of the drum 1.
  • the entire apparatus can be adjusted, by means of an indicated tilting support 12, so as to slant toward the discharge end.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the wedge-shape of the granulating tools 5, this wedge covering the length L of the tools.
  • the wedge point A-B is blunter along somewhat more than half of length L than in the remaining rear section B C.
  • the lateral metal sheets 13 which form the wedge are shown in section, and the covers 14 appear in elevation.
  • the effect achieved by the tools is that the axial distance between adjacent tools 5 in the drum is largest between wedge points A, decreases sharply between points A and the points marked B, and decreases gradually from points B to the ends C of the tools 5.
  • a normal granulating process is described in the following example.
  • the product which has been previously mixed, for example, in a drum mixer having mixing tools rotating therein and operating preferably according to known centrifugal and whirling methods, and which has been moistened with a liquid, for example, water, is continuously supplied to the drum 1 by way of feeding device 15 shown diagrammatically as a proportioning screw which extends through shutter 10.
  • the material is supplied while the drum 1 and tools 5 rotate in the same direction and while n n
  • the product is first lifted at one side up to an angle of slope which depends on the product. Then after passing this angle, it begins to roll up usually on its surface of constant slope, and is distributed, due to the continued material supply, over the entire drum length.
  • An advantage of the invention consists in that the extent of influence on the granulate formation can be controlled by the speed of the shaft and thus by the frequency and strength of the pulses produced in the material.
  • Afurther advantage resides in the fact that the product deposits formed in most cases cannot exceed the thickness which corresponds to the distance between the drum and the tools, since the edges of the tools continuously scrape off the deposit. An even, uniformly thick deposit is thus formed, especially since the paths of granulating tools 5 overlap, as seen along the length of drum 1.
  • the drum When the product present in the drum has risen to the radially inner edge of the supply shutter 10, the drum is lowered toward the discharge end through tilting support 12 by 2 to 5 until the finished granulate flows over the edge of the higher discharge shutter 11, where it can be collected by suitable conveyors, not shown.
  • the quantity of fresh material supplied in proportioned amounts is adjusted to the quantity of the discharged granulate.
  • each wedge shaped granulating tool 5 is coextensive with the rounded lateral parts 13, so that the material which moves in the material layer above the tools can gradually roll off, without the formation of a dropping section, from the metal sheet cover 14 to the rounded drum section.
  • Apparatus for granulating loose, finely grained materials comprising a rotary drum, means for rotating said drum, a separately driven system of granulating tools mounted in said drum in axially spaced arrangement, means for driving said tools independently of the rotation of said drum, said tools comprising a pair of lateral parts and a metal sheet cover secured to said lateral parts, said lateral parts being generally wedge shaped, with the leading edge of said wedge being in the direction of rotation of said tools, said tools being spaced at constant radial distances from the drum wall, the axial distance between adjacent tools thereby decreasing from said leading edges of said wedges to the rear ends of said tools, said covers being shaped and so mounted on said lateral parts as to form said tools at such rear ends into a round section generally parallel to the rounded section of the rotary drum.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further including means for driving said rotary drum in the same direction of rotation as said granulating tools but more slowly than the latter.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further including means for rotating said drum in a direction opposite to that of the motion of the tools.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further including at least three rows of axially adjacent wedge-shaped tools uniformly distributed over the periphery of said drum.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further including rollers for supporting rotative movement of said drum, at least one of such rollers being a drive pulley, said tools being mounted on a shaft supported both inside and outside said drum.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
US00244152A 1971-04-15 1972-04-14 Granulating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3825193A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2118231A DE2118231C3 (de) 1971-04-15 1971-04-15 Drehtrommel zum Granulieren schüttfähiger, feinkörniger und/oder staubförmiger Materialien

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3825193A true US3825193A (en) 1974-07-23

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ID=5804765

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00244152A Expired - Lifetime US3825193A (en) 1971-04-15 1972-04-14 Granulating apparatus

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3825193A (de)
AT (1) AT311302B (de)
DE (1) DE2118231C3 (de)
ES (1) ES401769A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2133679B3 (de)
GB (1) GB1391191A (de)
IT (1) IT953318B (de)
NL (1) NL7204880A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5415356A (en) * 1993-03-30 1995-05-16 Continental Products Corporation Reducing assembly for rotary drum mixers
US5906435A (en) * 1993-09-13 1999-05-25 Continental Products Corporation Particulate drum mixer with scoop section and seal assembly with bladder
CN104174329A (zh) * 2014-08-20 2014-12-03 济南巴顿化肥有限公司 滚筒式造粒机的防结块装置
CN106423402A (zh) * 2016-11-04 2017-02-22 芜湖市恒浩机械制造有限公司 一种用于物料的粉碎设备
EP3405282B1 (de) * 2016-01-20 2023-08-30 Rakeistus Oy Vorrichtung zur granulierung von ausgangsmaterial mit asche

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5415356A (en) * 1993-03-30 1995-05-16 Continental Products Corporation Reducing assembly for rotary drum mixers
US5906435A (en) * 1993-09-13 1999-05-25 Continental Products Corporation Particulate drum mixer with scoop section and seal assembly with bladder
CN104174329A (zh) * 2014-08-20 2014-12-03 济南巴顿化肥有限公司 滚筒式造粒机的防结块装置
EP3405282B1 (de) * 2016-01-20 2023-08-30 Rakeistus Oy Vorrichtung zur granulierung von ausgangsmaterial mit asche
CN106423402A (zh) * 2016-11-04 2017-02-22 芜湖市恒浩机械制造有限公司 一种用于物料的粉碎设备
CN106423402B (zh) * 2016-11-04 2018-12-18 芜湖市恒浩机械制造有限公司 一种用于物料的粉碎设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2133679A3 (de) 1972-12-01
ES401769A1 (es) 1975-03-16
DE2118231C3 (de) 1980-07-10
AT311302B (de) 1973-11-12
GB1391191A (en) 1975-04-16
DE2118231A1 (de) 1972-11-02
IT953318B (it) 1973-08-10
NL7204880A (de) 1972-10-17
FR2133679B3 (de) 1974-05-10
DE2118231B2 (de) 1979-10-25

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