US3824806A - Apparatus for refrigerating articles - Google Patents

Apparatus for refrigerating articles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3824806A
US3824806A US00264133A US26413372A US3824806A US 3824806 A US3824806 A US 3824806A US 00264133 A US00264133 A US 00264133A US 26413372 A US26413372 A US 26413372A US 3824806 A US3824806 A US 3824806A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
articles
gas
exit
fluid
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00264133A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Wagner
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INTEGRAL PROCESS SYST Inc
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INTEGRAL PROCESS SYST Inc
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Application filed by INTEGRAL PROCESS SYST Inc filed Critical INTEGRAL PROCESS SYST Inc
Priority to US00264133A priority Critical patent/US3824806A/en
Priority to US00339395A priority patent/US3855815A/en
Priority to GB2568773A priority patent/GB1390333A/en
Priority to AU56598/73A priority patent/AU467252B2/en
Priority to JP48067875A priority patent/JPS4957437A/ja
Priority to DE2331271A priority patent/DE2331271A1/de
Priority to FR7322237A priority patent/FR2189691B3/fr
Priority to US424768A priority patent/US3898863A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3824806A publication Critical patent/US3824806A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/12—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using solidified gases, e.g. carbon-dioxide snow
    • F25D3/127—Stationary devices with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/001—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for cryogenic fluid systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F25D3/11—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space

Definitions

  • cryogen in [he fOfm of vaporizab1e [51] Int. Cl. F25d 17/02 lid ti l a d gaseous fluid, the cryogen being for Flgld Search 62/63, 379, 331, 374, example carbon dioxide, and apparatus in the cham- 62/375, 376 her for vaporizing any of the cryogen solid particles that might remain on the articles prior to the articles References Cited leaving the chamber.
  • the disclosure also includes gas UNITED STATES PATENTS collecting and gas disposing device for disposing of 3,214,928 11/1965 Oberdorfer 62/63 cryogen gas emmauy 0f the apparatus in Order m 3.254505 6/1957 Braeking H 62/379 prevent excessive build-up of the gas in the ambient 3,292,384 12/1966 Rubin 62/63 atmosphere surrounding the apparatus, the maximum 3,376,710 4/1968 Hirtensteiner..
  • the apparatus of this invention refrigerates articles such as food products by a combination of solid cryogen and gaseous cryogen with a portion of the gas being recirculated in countercurrent flow relationship to the articles conveyed through an insulated chamber and with means being provided for insuring that substantially all of the solid cryogen is vaporized from the articles before the articles pass from the chamber.
  • the invention also includes means for controlling and disposing of the cryogen gas after the freezing of the articles so that the ambient atmosphere surrounding the apparatus has no more than 5,000 parts per million by weight of gas emerging from the apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of an apparatus embodying the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 3 is an end elevational view taken from the right end of FIGS. 1 or 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken through the elongated chamber or tunnel of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 5 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of the apparatus taken through the length of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the portion of the apparatus where the fluid cryogen is introduced into the chamber.
  • FIG. 7 is a slightly reduced sectional view taken along line 7-7 of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmentary reduced view along line 88 of FIG. 6.
  • an elongated thermally isolated chamber or tunnel ll comprising a series of end-to-end subchambers l2, l3, 14, I5, 16 and 17 each with thermally insulated walls as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 and insulated hinged lids 18 of generally the same type as disclosed in my prior US. Pat. No. 3,580,000.
  • each of these lids 18 can be raised for servicing and cleaning the interior of the tunnel 11 as by operating the corresponding pressurized hydraulic fluid piston and cylinder structures 18a that are mounted on the side of the tunnel 11.
  • the insulated tunnel 11 has an entrance end 19 and an exit end 20 for the passage of articles through the chamber or tunnel and during which they are refrigerated by the fluid cryogen. This refrigerating may be either freezing or chilling at an above freezing temperature, as desired.
  • Means are provided in the chamber 11 for passing the articles therethrough and as illustrated this means comprises an endless open metal conveyor 21 of the type disclosed in my above prior US. Pat. N 0. 3,580,000. The entrance end of the conveyor 21 extends beyond the chamber entrance 19 as indicated at 22 for ease in placing the articles 23 on the conveyor for passage through the chamber.
  • the apparatus of this invention utilizes a cryogen that exists principally in the form of gas and flowable finely divided solid and with the cryogen also capable of existing briefly in the form of a liquid.
  • cryogen is used herein in the broadest sense as defined in Websters New International Dictionary.
  • the means for introducing the fluid cryogen provides the material in the form of finely divided solid particles or snow and gas.
  • liquid carbon dioxide exists in the apparatus only very briefly if at all and does not come in contact with the articles moving through the apparatus in any material amounts.
  • the means for introducing the fluid cryogen specifically disclosed comprises a liquid carbon dioxide input line 24 and a carbon dioxide gas recirculation blower 25 operated by an electric motor 26 operating by way of shafts 63 and 64 and an interconnecting drive in housing 65.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide from the input line 24 is supplied as needed through an air operated valve 27 operated by a valve positioner 28.
  • the CO, supply to the valve 27 is through an on-off valve 62.
  • the liquid line 24 leads through valves 62 and 27 to a cryogen supply horn 29 that is positioned at the top of the gas recirculation blower housing 30.
  • a cryogen supply horn 29 that is positioned at the top of the gas recirculation blower housing 30.
  • the carbon dioxide snow and gas mixture leaves the blower 25 and enters the interior of the chamber 11 transversely to the direction 32 of movement of the conveyor 21 and the articles 23 carried thereby.
  • guide means in the form of spaced baffles 33 that extend from the exit 34 from the blower 25 through substantially and direct the fluid cryogen upstream or countercurrently to the movement 32 of the conveyor 21. This countercurrent and evenly distributed flow is indicated by the arrows 35 in FIG. 4.
  • a cryogen gas recirculation zone 37 Upstream of the intermediate section 36 there is provided a cryogen gas recirculation zone 37 whose longitudinal extent is defined generally by a horizontal baffle 38 for the recirculation of the gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • This baffle is below the conveyor 21 (FIG. 5) and has its downstream end 39 a short distance downstream from the fluid distribution baffles 33 and its upstream end 40 spaced from the entrance end 19 of the chamber.
  • this vaporizing means includes a plurality of motor 41 operated fans 43 spaced along this section which is identified as a final sublimation zone 42 so that the top mounted fans 43 circulate the internal atmosphere transversely to the line of moving articles 23.
  • the heat transfer from the articles themselves causes sublimation of solid CO on the articles.
  • the transverse flow of atmosphere from the fans 43 is very effective. As a result, all solid CO particles on the articles are sublimed by the time the articles reach the exit 20.
  • the space 44 beneath the baffle 38 comprises a suction plenum chamber for the recirculation of the cold gas forwardly, or to the left, beneath the baffle 38, into the gas sump 50, through a transverse conduit 66, and back up into the blower 25 (FIGS. 4 and 5) for recirculation 35. Entrance to the sump is controlled by an adjustable manually controlled damper 68 and thereby controls the volume flow of recirculated gas.
  • a movable control damper 46 (FIG. 5) adjacent the top of the tunnel 11 and exits from the flow directing guides 33 with this damper being operated by a control motor 47.
  • the two extreme positions of the damper 46 are shown in FIG. 5 in solid and dotted lines with maximum recirculation flow being achieved when the damper 46 is in its most elevated position while minimum recirculation flow results when it is in its downward position.
  • the selected position of the balance control damper 46 is achieved automatically through the gas balance control 48 which is operated by a temperature sensor 49 at the exit end 20 of the chamber with the result that the control and the motor operated damper 46 limits the amount of carbon dioxide gas that passes out the exit end 20 of the system.
  • the gas balance control 47-49 functions in the same manner as the control in my prior US. Pat. No. 3,600,901, that is, under balanced conditions there is a slight excess of gas at the exit end 20 of the chamber 11 and it is this excess which spills over into the gas collector 53 (FIG. 5) to be pumped to a place of disposal.
  • the gas collecting sump 50 in the bottom of the chamber 11 contains a gas temperature sensor 51 which may be a thermocouple.
  • This sensor 51 operating through a standard temperature control 52 regulates the amount of carbon dioxide passed into the system through valve 27 whose position is determined by the diaphragm type valve positioner 28.
  • the exit 20 of the chamber is provided with a gas collecting means in the form of a sump 53 into which the slight purge of heavier than air gaseous carbon dioxide collects and is pumped by means of a pumping means 54 and an outlet line 55 to a place of disposal.
  • the entrance end 19 of the chamber to which most of the fluid gas is directed in countercurrent flow is provided with motor 67 operated exhaust blower 56 which exhausts the gaseous carbon dioxide through a line 57 to a place of disposal.
  • cryogen fluid In the refrigerating system disclosed herein only a very small proportion of the cryogen fluid reaches the exit 20. In one example this amount is between 1 percent and 5 percent by weight and it is collected in the sump 53 and pumped to a place of disposal in the manner previously described. The remaining 95 percent to 99 percent is exhausted as gas from the system through the pump 56 and line 57. By the time the exhaust reaches the pump 56 the temperature in the case of carbon dioxide is at approximately 0F. As can be noted from FIGS. 4 and 5 the upstream end 40 of the recirculation baffle 38 is spaced downstream an appreciable distance from the entrance 19. The chamber section 58 between this end 40 and the exhaust pump 56 functions as a precooling zone 69 for incoming articles or product 23. A temperature barrier 70 is provided adjacent the exit 20.
  • cryogen which is a mixture of snow and gas when introduced into the ap paratus refrigerates both by the contact of the solid snow on the product when it rides along with it until sublimation and also by the low temperature of the cryogen gas.
  • full advantage is taken of these two actions because any of the snow falling between the articles, and this is particularly true of circular articles such as meat patties, is not wasted as it sublimes to a cold gas which contacts the articles.
  • Apparatus for refrigerating articles comprising: means defining a thermally isolated elongated chamber having an entrance and an exit for passage of said articles into, through and from said chamber; means for introducing a fluid cryogen including flowable vaporizable solid particles and gaseous fluid into contact with said articles at an intermediate section of said chamber between said entrance and exit during said passage, said means for introducing comprising guide means laterally spaced from each other across said chamber and having laterally adjacent exits spanning substantially the full width of said path of said articles for distributing said fluid substantially uniformly throughout said width; gas recirculation means comprising baffle means extending longitudinally of said chamber adjacent said path of articles, said baffle means extending from adjacent said guide means on the side thereof facing said chamber exit to adjacent but short of said chamber entrance, and blower means for recirculating said gas over said baffle means toward said chamber entrance and then beneath said baffle means back toward said chamber exit, said baffle means being spaced above the bottom of said chamber with the spaces above and beneath said baffle means serving as parts of a
  • temperature control means in said recirculation loop for controlling the temperature within said chamber including a temperature sensing device in an external portion of said loop located externally of said chamber.
  • Apparatus for refrigerating articles comprising: means defining a thermally isolated chamber having an entrance and an exit for passage of said articles through said chamber; means for introducing a fluid cryogen that is heavier than air including flowable vaporizable solid particles and gaseous fluid into contact with said articles at an intermediate section of said chamber between said entrance and exit during said passage, said means for introducing said fluid cryogen being variable to provide a variable fluid input rate; control means comprising a temperature sensor at said chamber exit and damper means operated thereby for controlling the amount of fluid cryogen directed toward said exit; a container means at said exit for receiving cryogen gas from said chamber exit; and means for moving said gas to a place of disposal spaced from said chamber, thereby limiting flow of said fluid cryogen to the ambient adjacent to said apparatus to a maximum of about 5,000 parts of cryogen gas per million parts of ambient atmosphere, by weight.
  • Apparatus for refrigerating articles comprising: means defining a thermally isolated chamber having an entrance and an exit for passage of said articles through said chamber; conveyor means in said chamber for causing said passage of said articles; means for introducing a fluid cryogen including flowable vaporizable solid particles and gaseous fluid into contact with said articles at an intermediate section of said chamber between said entrance and exit during said passage; vaporizing means for aiding in vaporizing any of said solid particles remaining on said articles before said articles reach said exit, thereby aiding the extraction of additional heat from said articles; recirculation means for directing said vapor in a recirculation loop from said intermediate section toward said chamber entrance in refrigerating relationship with said articles and back to said intermediate section for mixing with said fluid cryogen from said means for introducing; and means for withdrawing a selected amount of said gas from said recirculation loop and from said chamber.
  • said recirculation means comprises a baffle extending from said intermediate section toward but short of said chamber entrance and said chamber is provided with a return passage adjacent said means for introducing leading from the chamber to the means for introducing for mixing recirculated fluid with freshly introduced fluid.
  • said means for vaporizing said solid particles on said articles comprises a sublimation zone of said chamber adjacent said chamber exit through which said articles with the solid particles thereon are directed, and there are provided in said section agitating means for said gas for directing gas transversely to and against said articles.
  • said agitating means comprises a plurality of longitudinally spaced blower means for directing successively spaced circulating streams of said gaseous fluid transversely to said passage of articles.
  • said recirculation means comprises a baffle extending from said intermediate section toward but short of said entrance.
  • baffle is located beneath said conveyor means but above the bottom of said chamber to provide a return passage of said loop between said bottom and said baffle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
US00264133A 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Apparatus for refrigerating articles Expired - Lifetime US3824806A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00264133A US3824806A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Apparatus for refrigerating articles
US00339395A US3855815A (en) 1972-06-19 1973-03-08 Refrigerating apparatus
GB2568773A GB1390333A (en) 1972-06-19 1973-05-30 Apparatus for refrigerating articles
AU56598/73A AU467252B2 (en) 1972-06-19 1973-06-06 Apparatus for refrigerating articles
JP48067875A JPS4957437A (ko) 1972-06-19 1973-06-18
DE2331271A DE2331271A1 (de) 1972-06-19 1973-06-19 Kuehl- und gefriervorrichtung
FR7322237A FR2189691B3 (ko) 1972-06-19 1973-06-19
US424768A US3898863A (en) 1972-06-19 1973-12-14 Cryogenic refrigeration apparatus with automatic temperature control and automatic gas balance control

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00264133A US3824806A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Apparatus for refrigerating articles

Publications (1)

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US3824806A true US3824806A (en) 1974-07-23

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US00264133A Expired - Lifetime US3824806A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Apparatus for refrigerating articles

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US (1) US3824806A (ko)
JP (1) JPS4957437A (ko)
AU (1) AU467252B2 (ko)
DE (1) DE2331271A1 (ko)
FR (1) FR2189691B3 (ko)
GB (1) GB1390333A (ko)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4229947A (en) * 1979-08-06 1980-10-28 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryogenic freezer
US4843840A (en) * 1986-02-25 1989-07-04 Boc Limited Relating to freezing apparatus
US4947654A (en) * 1989-11-30 1990-08-14 Liquid Carbonic Corporation Liquid cryogen freezer with improved vapor balance control
US4955206A (en) * 1989-11-30 1990-09-11 Liquid Carbonic Corporation Liquid cryogen freezer with improved vapor balance control
US20050120736A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2005-06-09 Volker Kamm Device for removing gas from freezing installations by suction

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE464779B (sv) * 1989-11-29 1991-06-10 Frigoscandia Food Process Syst Luftbehandlingsanlaeggning samt foerfarande foer luftfloedesreducering i en saadan

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3214928A (en) * 1963-03-22 1965-11-02 Oberdorfer Karl Method and apparatus for freezing food products
US3254506A (en) * 1964-03-02 1966-06-07 Johnson Co Gordon Carbon dioxide freezing apparatus and method
US3292384A (en) * 1966-02-28 1966-12-20 Thermice Corp Method and apparatus for chilling articles, especially food items, by the use of powdered refrigerant
US3376710A (en) * 1966-05-16 1968-04-09 Hirtensteiner Walter Earl Food freezing apparatus
US3435632A (en) * 1966-10-04 1969-04-01 Instafreeze Corp Conveyor-type freezer using carbon dioxide snow
US3605434A (en) * 1969-11-12 1971-09-20 James L Foster Refrigeration apparatus including a conveyor and employing cryogenic fluid
US3664146A (en) * 1970-12-18 1972-05-23 Clark Equipment Co Food product quick freezing method and apparatus
US3672181A (en) * 1970-02-26 1972-06-27 Lewis Tyree Jr Method and apparatus for carbon dioxide cooling
US3708995A (en) * 1971-03-08 1973-01-09 D Berg Carbon dioxide food freezing method and apparatus
US3728869A (en) * 1971-12-27 1973-04-24 H Schmidt Coolant system for heat removal apparatus

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3214928A (en) * 1963-03-22 1965-11-02 Oberdorfer Karl Method and apparatus for freezing food products
US3254506A (en) * 1964-03-02 1966-06-07 Johnson Co Gordon Carbon dioxide freezing apparatus and method
US3292384A (en) * 1966-02-28 1966-12-20 Thermice Corp Method and apparatus for chilling articles, especially food items, by the use of powdered refrigerant
US3376710A (en) * 1966-05-16 1968-04-09 Hirtensteiner Walter Earl Food freezing apparatus
US3435632A (en) * 1966-10-04 1969-04-01 Instafreeze Corp Conveyor-type freezer using carbon dioxide snow
US3605434A (en) * 1969-11-12 1971-09-20 James L Foster Refrigeration apparatus including a conveyor and employing cryogenic fluid
US3672181A (en) * 1970-02-26 1972-06-27 Lewis Tyree Jr Method and apparatus for carbon dioxide cooling
US3664146A (en) * 1970-12-18 1972-05-23 Clark Equipment Co Food product quick freezing method and apparatus
US3708995A (en) * 1971-03-08 1973-01-09 D Berg Carbon dioxide food freezing method and apparatus
US3728869A (en) * 1971-12-27 1973-04-24 H Schmidt Coolant system for heat removal apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4229947A (en) * 1979-08-06 1980-10-28 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryogenic freezer
US4843840A (en) * 1986-02-25 1989-07-04 Boc Limited Relating to freezing apparatus
US4947654A (en) * 1989-11-30 1990-08-14 Liquid Carbonic Corporation Liquid cryogen freezer with improved vapor balance control
US4955206A (en) * 1989-11-30 1990-09-11 Liquid Carbonic Corporation Liquid cryogen freezer with improved vapor balance control
US20050120736A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2005-06-09 Volker Kamm Device for removing gas from freezing installations by suction
US7111474B2 (en) * 2002-04-24 2006-09-26 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Device for removing gas from freezing installations by suction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5659873A (en) 1974-12-12
DE2331271A1 (de) 1974-01-03
FR2189691B3 (ko) 1976-06-18
GB1390333A (en) 1975-04-09
AU467252B2 (en) 1975-11-27
FR2189691A1 (ko) 1974-01-25
JPS4957437A (ko) 1974-06-04

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