US3823816A - Water-soluble package - Google Patents

Water-soluble package Download PDF

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Publication number
US3823816A
US3823816A US00223123A US22312372A US3823816A US 3823816 A US3823816 A US 3823816A US 00223123 A US00223123 A US 00223123A US 22312372 A US22312372 A US 22312372A US 3823816 A US3823816 A US 3823816A
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Prior art keywords
water
shell
capsule
film
apertures
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00223123A
Inventor
J Controulis
K Larsen
L Wheeler
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Parke Davis and Co LLC
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Parke Davis and Co LLC
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Publication date
Priority to BE794951D priority Critical patent/BE794951A/en
Priority to US00223123A priority patent/US3823816A/en
Application filed by Parke Davis and Co LLC filed Critical Parke Davis and Co LLC
Priority to BR73827A priority patent/BR7300827D0/en
Priority to FR7303665A priority patent/FR2170751A5/fr
Priority to AU51719/73A priority patent/AU463254B2/en
Priority to AR246401A priority patent/AR196325A1/en
Priority to ZA730766A priority patent/ZA73766B/en
Priority to IT48043/73A priority patent/IT977185B/en
Priority to GB543573A priority patent/GB1377452A/en
Priority to ES411206A priority patent/ES411206A1/en
Priority to CA162,753A priority patent/CA990238A/en
Priority to JP1299073A priority patent/JPS5532381B2/ja
Priority to DE2305280A priority patent/DE2305280C2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3823816A publication Critical patent/US3823816A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/4808—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate characterised by the form of the capsule or the structure of the filling; Capsules containing small tablets; Capsules with outer layer for immediate drug release
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J3/00—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
    • A61J3/07—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of capsules or similar small containers for oral use
    • A61J3/071—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of capsules or similar small containers for oral use into the form of telescopically engaged two-piece capsules

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A water-soluble package is provided in the formof a hard shell capsule filled with powder, granules, or the like.
  • the capsule shell is apertured, and the apertures or holes are covered over by a water-soluble barrier film which seals the holes and blocks any escape of the contents from the shell.
  • the film is more watersoluble than the cap and body parts of the shell so that when thepackage is contacted with water, as in the digestive tract, the film rather than the shell dissolves first exposing the contents for dissolution and/or release by way of the apertures while the shell is still intact.
  • This invention relates to a novel water-soluble or water-reactive package in the form of an apertured cap and body capsule containing a particulate solid fill.
  • capsules have been a preferred means for packaging dry powder, granules or other particulate matter.
  • the objective was in some instances not obtained because the capsule shell remained intact and failed to dissolve as quickly as desired.
  • the apertures allowed the dry contents to leak out. While the slightest leakage is intolerable for many applications, fast-release loss-proof capsules have hitherto not been available.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a packaged article according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmented expanded view in vertical section taken on line 2--2 of F IG. 1 showing the construction of the sealed wall of the article;
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the article when incorporated with a body of water according to the invention.
  • the article in the form illustrated has a cap part 11 and a matching telescopicallyengaged body part 12 which together provide a closed envelope shell.
  • the cap 11 and the body 12 each have open ends (not shown) and closed ends 11b and 12b as well as cylindrical walls 110 and 120.
  • the walls overlap in a double-walled portion 13.
  • the capsule shell contains a particulate fill l4, and the walls include aperture means 15 extending through the thickness (FIG. 2, single or double wall) toprovide open communication'with the ,shell interior containing the fill 14.
  • a continuous film or barrier 17 overlies each aperture means 15 and seals the same.
  • the film is in a single strip form covering a row of apertures, as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the film 17 is generallyof uniform thickness, being slightly thicker within the, margin of the apertures where it occupies the spacewithin each aperture in the form of plugs 16 (FIG.'2).
  • the film can, according to the invention, have various shapes and is not limited to the strip shape illustrated.
  • the capsule may conveniently cover the entire outer surface of the capsule or it may cover discontinuqi sal a s qh EQYQFELEE. siss seaata e 9255992 9 apertures.
  • the shape should be such that it alone, or in combination with other barrier films (having the same or different shapes), completely covers and seals all of the apertures. It is an advantageous feature that in the embodiment where the barrier film covers both the cap and body surface, for example, in a single strip (as in FIGS. 1 and 2) or the entire capsule surface, the film serves to lock the capsule parts to- 'gether.
  • the packaged articles of the invention are conveniently prepared in several steps. First, empty capsules (preferably pharmaceutical-grade gelatin or an equivalent) are filled with the selected particulate substance (e.g., medicament, chemical, or other substance) and are joined, using conventional means. The apertures 15 are then made in the filled joined capsules in a perforating step, using any suitable hole-forming means such as heated needles, knives, drills or the like. The apertured filled capsules are next treated with a liquid solution of the film-forming substance as by spraying, dipping, brushing, printing or the like to produce the desired film bridging and sealing the holes in the capsule wall. Any of various water-soluble film-forming substances will be suitable for the purpose such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, hydroxypropylmethyl.
  • the selected particulate substance e.g., medicament, chemical, or other substance
  • Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a preferred film-forming substance. Conveniently, it is used for film-forming purposes as a dilute (e.g., 5-10 percent) aqueous or alcoholic solution and the capsules to be film-coated are dipped in a bath of the solution to completely coat the outer surface of each capsule with the film solution. Area coating, such as the preferred strip configuration 17 illustrated in FIG. 1, can be printed as a moist film over the apertures using conventional machinery. The coating film following application is dried until tack-free and sufficiently firm and-dimensionally stable to seal the apertures and prevent escape of the granular fill.
  • the size, shape, number and distribution of the apertures 15 in the capsule shell can be varied widely, as desired. Aperture sizes made with hypodermic needles, for example, ranging from No. 27 (OD, 0.41 mm.) to No. 21 (0.81 mm.) have been particularly satisfactory.
  • the holes can be round, crescent-shaped, square, etc although round holes are preferred. Numerous holes can be used, and the distribution can be spaced over the end and/or wall surfaces of the capsule. However, in general it is found that from one to six aperturesin the capsule issufficient for purposes of the invention.
  • the in-line configuration illustrated is one preferred embodiment, usually with two to six apertures.
  • Another preferred embodiment is a single-hole configuration centered at one or both ends of the capsule shell. In test procedures measuring solubility.
  • the invention contemplates as contents for the package or capsule any particulate substance which, al-
  • the shell or envelope is reactive-or soluble in water or any of various aqueous media such as gastro-intestinal fluid.
  • the invention is particularly well-suited in this respect to particulate fill material, which effervesces in the presence of water either as an active ingredient, for example, of a, pharmaceutical dosage form or as an aid per se to promote a mixing or dissolving effect for other components in the fill.
  • the typical capsule filled, for example, with low density powder usually floats (capsule A, FIG. 3) on the surface 20'of the water.
  • the capsule Unless stirred or otherwise moved, the capsule remains afloat for a brief period until the film 17 is wetted and dissolved in the area of the apertures 15.
  • the capsule sinks of its own accord into the body 21 of the liquid (capsule B, FIG. 3) while the dissolving and release actions continue and, because of the increased wetting contact, even at a greater rate.
  • an ingestible water-reactive unit package including a cylindrical hard shell capsule having matching water-soluble cap and body parts telescopically joined to define a closed envelope shell, the cap and body each having an open end, a closed end, and side walls overlapping in a double-walled portion, a particulate solid fill in the shell, and aperture means in the shell providing open communication between the interior and the exterior of the shell, the improvement characterized by a water-soluble barrier in the form of a dimensionally stable film bridging the aperture means comprising a plurality of apertures located in line, the film occupying space within each aperture in the form of plugs in sealing engagement therewith sufficient to block escape of solid fill from the shell, the barrier being substantially more water-soluble than the cap and body parts such that continued contact of the package with water in an aqueous environment causes the barrier to dissolve prior to dissolution of the shell thereby affording direct access of water to the fill while the shell is intact.
  • aperture means comprises at least one aperture located at the end of the capsule.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)

Abstract

A water-soluble package is provided in the form of a hard shell capsule filled with powder, granules, or the like. The capsule shell is apertured, and the apertures or holes are covered over by a water-soluble barrier film which seals the holes and blocks any escape of the contents from the shell. The film is more water-soluble than the cap and body parts of the shell so that when the package is contacted with water, as in the digestive tract, the film rather than the shell dissolves first exposing the contents for dissolution and/or release by way of the apertures while the shell is still intact.

Description

United States Patent [191 Controulis et a1.
WATER-SOLUBLE PACKAGE Inventors: John Controulis, Grosse Pointe Farms; Kenneth N. Larsen, Southfield; Larry M. Wheeler, Grosse Pointe Farms, all of Mich.
Parke, Davis & Company, Detroit, Mich.
Filed: Feb. 3, 1972 Appl. No.: 223,123
Assignee:
' us. c1 206/.5, 206/438, 424/15,
Int. Cl A61I 9/04 Field of Search 99/78, 171 B, 66, 71, 77.1, 99/166; 424/15, 16, 31, 32, 21; 206/5, 46 F, 63.2 R, 84
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 12/1919 Goldsworthy 99/77.l 10/1921 Scott 99/71 2/1925 Scott 424/21 3/1926 Fessenden.... 99/77.1 10/1933 Leever 99/78 [451 July 16, 1974 2,292,101 8/1942 Brown 99/77.l
2,537,453 l/1951 Frangialli 99/78 3,620,759 11/1971 Maddox 99/78 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Condensed Chem. Dict., 761 Ed., 1966, pages 769-770.
Primary Examiner-Morris O. WoIk Assistant Examiner-Sidney Marantz 5 7] ABSTRACT A water-soluble package is provided in the formof a hard shell capsule filled with powder, granules, or the like. The capsule shell is apertured, and the apertures or holes are covered over by a water-soluble barrier film which seals the holes and blocks any escape of the contents from the shell. The film is more watersoluble than the cap and body parts of the shell so that when thepackage is contacted with water, as in the digestive tract, the film rather than the shell dissolves first exposing the contents for dissolution and/or release by way of the apertures while the shell is still intact.
6 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures I SUMMARY AND DETAILED DESCRIPTION This invention relates to a novel water-soluble or water-reactive package in the form of an apertured cap and body capsule containing a particulate solid fill.
In the prior art, capsules have been a preferred means for packaging dry powder, granules or other particulate matter. However, where it was desired to achieve quick release of the contents in water, the objective was in some instances not obtained because the capsule shell remained intact and failed to dissolve as quickly as desired. On the other hand, where access holes or apertures were provided in the capsule wall (in preparation for eventual contact with water to accelerate wetting and dissolving of the contents) the apertures allowed the dry contents to leak out. While the slightest leakage is intolerable for many applications, fast-release loss-proof capsules have hitherto not been available.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a novel water-soluble package in the form of an apertured capsule for particulate matter, powders, granules or the like. v
It is also an object of the invention to provide a packaged particulate substance in a form which, intact prior to use, is completely dissolved or slurried within relatively short periods when contacted with or exposed to water, gastrointestinal fluid, etc.
These and other objects, purposes and advantages of the invention will be seen from the following description in relation to the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a side view of a packaged article according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmented expanded view in vertical section taken on line 2--2 of F IG. 1 showing the construction of the sealed wall of the article; and
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the article when incorporated with a body of water according to the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, the article in the form illustrated has a cap part 11 and a matching telescopicallyengaged body part 12 which together provide a closed envelope shell. As with conventional capsules, the cap 11 and the body 12 each have open ends (not shown) and closed ends 11b and 12b as well as cylindrical walls 110 and 120. The walls overlap in a double-walled portion 13. The capsule shell contains a particulate fill l4, and the walls include aperture means 15 extending through the thickness (FIG. 2, single or double wall) toprovide open communication'with the ,shell interior containing the fill 14. A continuous film or barrier 17 overlies each aperture means 15 and seals the same. The film is in a single strip form covering a row of apertures, as illustrated in FIG. 1. The film 17 is generallyof uniform thickness, being slightly thicker within the, margin of the apertures where it occupies the spacewithin each aperture in the form of plugs 16 (FIG.'2). The film can, according to the invention, have various shapes and is not limited to the strip shape illustrated.
For example, it may conveniently cover the entire outer surface of the capsule or it may cover discontinuqi sal a s qh EQYQFELEE. siss seaata e 9255992 9 apertures. In any event, the shape should be such that it alone, or in combination with other barrier films (having the same or different shapes), completely covers and seals all of the apertures. It is an advantageous feature that in the embodiment where the barrier film covers both the cap and body surface, for example, in a single strip (as in FIGS. 1 and 2) or the entire capsule surface, the film serves to lock the capsule parts to- 'gether.
The packaged articles of the invention are conveniently prepared in several steps. First, empty capsules (preferably pharmaceutical-grade gelatin or an equivalent) are filled with the selected particulate substance (e.g., medicament, chemical, or other substance) and are joined, using conventional means. The apertures 15 are then made in the filled joined capsules in a perforating step, using any suitable hole-forming means such as heated needles, knives, drills or the like. The apertured filled capsules are next treated with a liquid solution of the film-forming substance as by spraying, dipping, brushing, printing or the like to produce the desired film bridging and sealing the holes in the capsule wall. Any of various water-soluble film-forming substances will be suitable for the purpose such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, hydroxypropylmethyl. cellulose, hydroxymethylethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose or the like or mixtures thereof. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a preferred film-forming substance. Conveniently, it is used for film-forming purposes as a dilute (e.g., 5-10 percent) aqueous or alcoholic solution and the capsules to be film-coated are dipped in a bath of the solution to completely coat the outer surface of each capsule with the film solution. Area coating, such as the preferred strip configuration 17 illustrated in FIG. 1, can be printed as a moist film over the apertures using conventional machinery. The coating film following application is dried until tack-free and sufficiently firm and-dimensionally stable to seal the apertures and prevent escape of the granular fill.
The size, shape, number and distribution of the apertures 15 in the capsule shell can be varied widely, as desired. Aperture sizes made with hypodermic needles, for example, ranging from No. 27 (OD, 0.41 mm.) to No. 21 (0.81 mm.) have been particularly satisfactory. The holes can be round, crescent-shaped, square, etc although round holes are preferred. Numerous holes can be used, and the distribution can be spaced over the end and/or wall surfaces of the capsule. However, in general it is found that from one to six aperturesin the capsule issufficient for purposes of the invention. The in-line configuration illustrated is one preferred embodiment, usually with two to six apertures. Another preferred embodiment is a single-hole configuration centered at one or both ends of the capsule shell. In test procedures measuring solubility. and release in warm water (37 C.) the following results were obtained using capsules filled with a dry powder, joined, perforated, and either uncoated or coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone film and air-dried. The results are given in tenns of the times required for initial rupture or disso lution of the film coating and for final disintegration of thesbslland utente Final Capsule Description Test Aperture Aperture Time for Disintegra: No. Configuration Size Coating Initial Rupture tion time I 6 holes 25 gauge no sec. l min.
.. w-.. A i H malJz dyii septhatqsili msl.se tin Nol 1, blue opaque cap, clear body, pharmaceutical-grade gelatin.
Caggqle" Descg'gtion Fina] Test Aperture Aperture Time for Disinteg'm N Configuration IZC Coating Initial Rupture tion time 2 6 holes do. total di 50 sec. 2 i (3 body, 3 cap) 1 coating in 35 alcohol PVP soln. 3 6 holes do brush 40 sec. l 3 min. (3 body, 3 cap) coating sec.
water- PVP 10%) soln. 4 1 hole (cap) 27 gauge brush 1 min. 4 min. (0.41 mm.) coating sec. 15 sec.
. alcohol- PVP (l0%) soln. 5 4 holes 26 gauge do. 50 sec. 3 min. (2 body, 2 cap) (0.46 mm.) 15sec. 6 2 holes do. do. 1 min. 3 min. (1 body, I cap) 7 10 sec. 40sec. 7 1 hole 25 gauge do. 53 sec. 4 min. (body end) 20 sec. 8 2 holes 21 auge do. 40 sec. 3 min. (l body, 1 cap) (0.8 mm.) 35 sec. 9 6 holes do. do. 35 sec. 2 min.
(body only) 45 sec.
These results show that conventional capsules, modified by perforation with six holes but without a film coating (Test No. 1) released their contents in short periods when incorporated with water. Initial rupture typically took place in 45 seconds. Final disintegration, i.e., complete dissolution of capsules and contents in water, took place in less than 2 minutes. However, the dry capsules were unsatisfactory because of an unsightly dusty appearance with powder leakage, etc. In contrast, sealed aperture capsules according to the invention (Test Nos. 2-9) had a clean appearance (without leakage) resembling the finish of conventional filled capsules. They'p'erformed well in terms of water rupture and final disintegration, by comparison with conventional non-apertured capsules which when exposed to water under the same conditions typically failed to rupture even after extended periods of 20 minutes or more.
The invention contemplates as contents for the package or capsule any particulate substance which, al-
, though inert to the shell or envelope, is reactive-or soluble in water or any of various aqueous media such as gastro-intestinal fluid. The invention is particularly well-suited in this respect to particulate fill material, which effervesces in the presence of water either as an active ingredient, for example, of a, pharmaceutical dosage form or as an aid per se to promote a mixing or dissolving effect for other components in the fill. In regard to the characteristics of the sealed aperture capsules of the invention when exposed to water, the typical capsule filled, for example, with low density powder usually floats (capsule A, FIG. 3) on the surface 20'of the water. Unless stirred or otherwise moved, the capsule remains afloat for a brief period until the film 17 is wetted and dissolved in the area of the apertures 15. Advantageously, when this occurs, the capsule sinks of its own accord into the body 21 of the liquid (capsule B, FIG. 3) while the dissolving and release actions continue and, because of the increased wetting contact, even at a greater rate. The dissolving action is such that ordinarily a capsule of the kind illustrated (apertured in both the cap and the body) is completely consumed withinzf mia lqsn- While the invention insealed aperture capsules has been described in considerable detail, it'will be realized by those skilled in the art that wide'variation in such detail can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention as claimed below, and it is intended the claims should be interpreted to cover the invention as described and any such variation.
' We claim: I v
1. In an ingestible water-reactive unit package including a cylindrical hard shell capsule having matching water-soluble cap and body parts telescopically joined to define a closed envelope shell, the cap and body each having an open end, a closed end, and side walls overlapping in a double-walled portion, a particulate solid fill in the shell, and aperture means in the shell providing open communication between the interior and the exterior of the shell, the improvement characterized by a water-soluble barrier in the form of a dimensionally stable film bridging the aperture means comprising a plurality of apertures located in line, the film occupying space within each aperture in the form of plugs in sealing engagement therewith sufficient to block escape of solid fill from the shell, the barrier being substantially more water-soluble than the cap and body parts such that continued contact of the package with water in an aqueous environment causes the barrier to dissolve prior to dissolution of the shell thereby affording direct access of water to the fill while the shell is intact.
2. A package according to claim lwherein the rier film is a polyvinylpyrrolidone film.
3. A package according to claim 1 wherein the apertures are covered by the barrier film in the form of a strip.
4. A package according to claim 1 wherein the aperture means comprises at least one aperture located at the end of the capsule.
5. A package according to claim l.-wherein the capsule is a pharmaceutical-grade gelatin capsule.
6. A package according to claim 1 wherein the fill includes a substance which effervesces in the presence of water. I
bar-

Claims (5)

  1. 2. A package according to claim 1 wherein the barrier film is a polyvinylpyrrolidone film.
  2. 3. A package according to claim 1 wherein the apertures are covered by the barrier film in the form of a strip.
  3. 4. A package according to claim 1 wherein the aperture means comprises at least one aperture located at the end of the capsule.
  4. 5. A package according to claim 1 wherein the capsule is a pharmaceutical-grade gelatin capsule.
  5. 6. A package according to claim 1 wherein the fill includes a substance which effervesces in the presence of water.
US00223123A 1972-02-03 1972-02-03 Water-soluble package Expired - Lifetime US3823816A (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE794951D BE794951A (en) 1972-02-03 WATER SOLUBLE PACKAGING
US00223123A US3823816A (en) 1972-02-03 1972-02-03 Water-soluble package
ES411206A ES411206A1 (en) 1972-02-03 1973-02-02 Water-soluble package
AU51719/73A AU463254B2 (en) 1972-02-03 1973-02-02 Water-soluble package
AR246401A AR196325A1 (en) 1972-02-03 1973-02-02 WATER SOLUBLE PACKAGING
ZA730766A ZA73766B (en) 1972-02-03 1973-02-02 Water-soluble package
BR73827A BR7300827D0 (en) 1972-02-03 1973-02-02 WATER SOLUBLE PACKING
GB543573A GB1377452A (en) 1972-02-03 1973-02-02 Water-soluble capsules
FR7303665A FR2170751A5 (en) 1972-02-03 1973-02-02
CA162,753A CA990238A (en) 1972-02-03 1973-02-02 Water-soluble package
JP1299073A JPS5532381B2 (en) 1972-02-03 1973-02-02
DE2305280A DE2305280C2 (en) 1972-02-03 1973-02-02 Water-soluble hard-shell gelatin capsule
IT48043/73A IT977185B (en) 1972-02-03 1973-02-02 IMPROVEMENT IN CAPSULES OR WATER-SOLUBLE CONTAINERS

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00223123A US3823816A (en) 1972-02-03 1972-02-03 Water-soluble package

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3823816A true US3823816A (en) 1974-07-16

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US00223123A Expired - Lifetime US3823816A (en) 1972-02-03 1972-02-03 Water-soluble package

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US (1) US3823816A (en)
JP (1) JPS5532381B2 (en)
AR (1) AR196325A1 (en)
AU (1) AU463254B2 (en)
BE (1) BE794951A (en)
BR (1) BR7300827D0 (en)
CA (1) CA990238A (en)
DE (1) DE2305280C2 (en)
ES (1) ES411206A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2170751A5 (en)
GB (1) GB1377452A (en)
IT (1) IT977185B (en)
ZA (1) ZA73766B (en)

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US4088864A (en) * 1974-11-18 1978-05-09 Alza Corporation Process for forming outlet passageways in pills using a laser
US4478658A (en) * 1982-12-20 1984-10-23 Warner-Lambert Company Method for sealing non-enteric capsules
US4503030A (en) * 1983-06-06 1985-03-05 Alza Corporation Device for delivering drug to certain pH environments
US4567613A (en) * 1984-05-08 1986-02-04 Frank Meehan Method and article for neutralizing offensive odors
US4609403A (en) * 1984-03-12 1986-09-02 Warner-Lambert Company Foam soft gelatin capsules and their method of manufacture
US4719112A (en) * 1982-10-29 1988-01-12 Warner-Lambert Company Foam capsules
US4800056A (en) * 1984-03-21 1989-01-24 Alza Corporation Process for making dispenser with cooperating elements
US4876003A (en) * 1988-05-09 1989-10-24 Olin Corporation Encased pool chemical tablet with domed ends
US4923618A (en) * 1988-05-09 1990-05-08 Olin Corporation Method of chlorinating a swimming pool
US4928813A (en) * 1989-06-02 1990-05-29 Olin Corporation Encased pool chemical capsule with extended ends and method of making the same
WO1994001239A1 (en) * 1992-07-07 1994-01-20 Merck & Co., Inc. High speed process for preparing orifices in pharmaceutical dosage forms
US5958451A (en) * 1996-09-03 1999-09-28 Yung Shin Pharm Ind. Co., Ltd. Process for producing porous, controlled-release capsules and encapsulated composition
WO2001007107A2 (en) * 1999-07-23 2001-02-01 Pharmaceutical Discovery Corporation Unit dose capsules and dry powder inhaler
WO2001055293A2 (en) * 2000-01-25 2001-08-02 The Victoria University Of Manchester Delayed release of fluids
WO2002085737A1 (en) * 2001-04-20 2002-10-31 Reckitt Benckiser (Uk) Limited Water-soluble container having at least two openings
WO2002092455A1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2002-11-21 Reckitt Benckiser (Uk) Limited A water-soluble injection moulded container
WO2002092456A1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2002-11-21 Reckitt Benckiser (Uk) Limited A water-soluble injection moulded container
EP1299006A1 (en) 2000-05-03 2003-04-09 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Confectionery product having an enhanced cooling effect
GB2386069A (en) * 2002-02-20 2003-09-10 Mach Ind Etablissements Consumable container
WO2003084836A1 (en) * 2002-04-10 2003-10-16 Henkel Kommaditgesellschaft Auf Aktien 'water-soluble containers'
US20030219484A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-11-27 Sowden Harry S. Immediate release dosage form comprising shell having openings therein
WO2004028513A1 (en) * 2002-09-28 2004-04-08 Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. Immediate release dosage form comprising shell having openings therein
US20040182387A1 (en) * 1999-07-23 2004-09-23 Mannkind Corporation Unit dose cartridge and dry powder inhaler
US20050152970A1 (en) * 2004-01-13 2005-07-14 Rinker Roger A. Rapidly disintegrating gelatinous coated tablets
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AU463254B2 (en) 1975-07-17
ES411206A1 (en) 1976-04-01
JPS5532381B2 (en) 1980-08-25
DE2305280A1 (en) 1973-08-09
GB1377452A (en) 1974-12-18
CA990238A (en) 1976-06-01
FR2170751A5 (en) 1973-09-14
DE2305280C2 (en) 1983-12-29
IT977185B (en) 1974-09-10
BE794951A (en) 1973-05-29
ZA73766B (en) 1974-09-25
BR7300827D0 (en) 1973-10-25
AU5171973A (en) 1974-08-08
JPS4882025A (en) 1973-11-02
AR196325A1 (en) 1973-12-18

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