US3823541A - Effect voluminous yarn - Google Patents

Effect voluminous yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3823541A
US3823541A US00191115A US19111571A US3823541A US 3823541 A US3823541 A US 3823541A US 00191115 A US00191115 A US 00191115A US 19111571 A US19111571 A US 19111571A US 3823541 A US3823541 A US 3823541A
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Prior art keywords
yarn
zones
filaments
open
compact
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00191115A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Buzano
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Rhodiaceta SA
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Rhodiaceta SA
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Priority claimed from FR7038479A external-priority patent/FR2111644A2/fr
Priority claimed from FR7038478A external-priority patent/FR2110642A5/fr
Priority claimed from FR7044628A external-priority patent/FR2116902A6/fr
Application filed by Rhodiaceta SA filed Critical Rhodiaceta SA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D02G1/162—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam with provision for imparting irregular effects to the yarn

Definitions

  • the yam is produced by passing at least one effect yarn through a turbulence chamber [56] References cued under substantially no tension, with the yarn being fed UNITED STATES PATENTS substantially axially to said turbulence chamber by 3,104,516 9/1963 Field, Jr. 57/l57 F way of a cylindrical conduit having a smaller cross 3,105,349 10/1963 Palm et sectional area than said turbulence chamber.
  • the yarn i of this invention may be used to make woven or knitam e a. 3,174,271 3/1965 Edwards at al' ted goods and 1s suitable for use 1n hosiery. 3,233,399 2/1966 Bilsky 57/140 J 11 Claims, 15 Drawing Figures mnzmmw 3.823.541
  • the Dahlstrom et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,069,836 is directed to producing relaxed interlaced yarns in a single, continuous operation.
  • the patent aims at producing yarns suitable for packaging on light cardboard cores having a good intra-package yarn properties.
  • Polyamide or polyester filamentary structures are forwarded at a uniformly positive tension through a zone of fluid turbulence wherein a heated fluid is directed onto the filamentary structure with sufficient force to separate the filaments and interlace same into a compact unitary strand.
  • the filamentary structure is relaxed in a controlled amount.
  • the final product has the handling properties of a true twist yarn, even at zero bundle twist, due to the interentanglement of filaments.
  • the product produced thereby is uniformly interentangled and is not voluminous, behaves in a manner similar to that of twisted threads, and is not a textured or decorative yarn.
  • the Dahlstrom et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,083,523 is similar in disclosure to the above-identified Dahlstrom et al. patent.
  • the Gemeinhardt et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,4 I 7,415 is directed to producing bulk or texturized yarn having bindings or knots spaced along the yarn at predetermined points.
  • the patent discloses passing continuous multifilament yarn at a 5 50 percent overfeed rate between two fixed points and laterally oscillating the yarn between two fixed points under the influence of a gas jet which is substantially perpendicular to the path of the yarn, with the yarn passing through the gas jet twice I 2 in each complete period of oscillation.
  • the bulk yams produced thereby have the filaments in the interior of the more open zones of the yarn distributed in a substantially oriented manner.
  • the Breen et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,043,087 is directed to a process for making alternating twist slub yarn from either staple or continuous filament yarn.
  • the slub effect is achieved by passing a core filamentary strand through a fluid vortex, which twists the strand and causes it to balloon upstream of the vortex, while feeding a second filamentary material to wrap around the ballooning portion of the core strand to form a slub.
  • the slub is carried by the core material through the fluid vortex where it is firmly wrapped around the core material with both the S and the Z twist.
  • the Breen U.S. Pat. No. 2,783,609 contains an early disclosure of a method of bulking a bundle of continuous filaments.
  • the patent discloses the production of a yarn having numerous yarn loops held in place by twisting the yarn, or by encircling the nodes of loops by other loops (note column 4 of the patent).
  • the yarns produced according to the patent are disclosed in FIGS. 4, 5 and 7 thereof and it will readily be appreciated that the resulting yarn does not have alternating compact and open zones.
  • the Benson U.S. Pat. No. 3,448,500 is directed to bulking continuous filament yarns, and is characterized by the absence of broken ends or fibers in the bulked yarn product.
  • the yarn is uniformly bulked while presenting the formation of completed or closed loops, by separating a number of filaments into successive discrete undulatory arches or waves extending laterally from the core or bundle of yarn (note FIGS. 2 and 3 of the patent). A substantial majority of the yarn filaments remain in the core section 10b.
  • the Breen U.S. Pat. No. 3,043,088 is directed to producing a yarn having enhanced bulk and a large number of protruding free fiber ends.
  • a yarn which consists at least in part of stable length fibers held in place by a yarn twist is fed to a high velocity fluid jet which applies a false untwist to the yarn.
  • the yarn is snubbed before and after the jet to prevent the untwist from backing up or carrying forward.
  • a novel, high bulk, multifilament, textured yarn is obtained using a novel process.
  • the yarn has alternating compact zones and open zones, with the specific volume of the open zones being at least twice that of the compact zones.
  • the open zones which are preferably at least as long as the compact zones, are of a general oblong shape.
  • This textured yarn is produced by passing at least one effect yarn, under substantially no tension, through an axial conduit and then immediately into a turbulent chamber. The effect yarn is fed substantially axially to the axial conduit. In the turbulent chamber, the yarn is subjected to a multitude of multidirectional turbulences, which turbulences cause the yarn filaments to open up and interentangle in the open zones.
  • the present invention provides a high bulk yarn with fancy, decorative, textured effects which can be obtained at high production speeds.
  • the yarn of the present invention is a high bulk yarn based on multiple strand filaments, and exhibits a fancy or decorative effect.
  • the yarn contains at least one end having alternating compact zones and open zones, with the filaments in the open zones opened up and separated to produce a higher specific volume for the open zones than the specific volume of the initial yarn.
  • the envelope, or outer surface, of the open zones generally has a practically oblong shape, with at least part of the filaments of the at least one end being distributed in a haphazard manner in the interior of this envelope.
  • the envelope, or outer surface, of the open zone has essentially the shape of a spindle, which may or may not have the form of a revolution spindle about the major axis of the yarn.
  • the spreading of the filaments, in relation to the major axis of the yarn, is variable from filament to filament.
  • the yarn of the present invention having a marked decorative or textured effect, is obtained at high speed using the process of the present invention.
  • the process generally involves yarn speeds greater than 100 meters/minute, preferably greater than 200 meters/minute.
  • the decorative or textural effect yarn may comprise more than one yarn end.
  • the yarn is produced from one or more yarn ends, and the length of each open zone is greater than the length of each compact zone.
  • the apparent volume of an open zone is greater than twice the apparent volume of a compact zone.
  • the open zones and the compact zones are distributed over the yarn according to a regular pattern.
  • the present invention is applicable to yams, filaments, and similar strands whether spun or continuous.
  • Continuous multifilament yarn will be employed hereinafter as exemplary of all such strands, since in this form the present invention has its greatest utility.
  • the yarns used in the present invention may be of a wide variety of fibrous material, either natural or synthetic, such as, eg polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, cellulose acetate, and the like.
  • the yarns are at least partly of continuous filaments, and more preferably the yarns are substantially wholly of continuous filaments.
  • the core yarn can be markedly compact over substantially its entire length.
  • the high bulk multifilament textured yarn of the present invention has alternating open zones and compact zones, with the specific volume of the open zones being at least twice, preferably at least 2.5 times, the specific volume of the compact zones.
  • the specific volume of the open zones being at least twice, preferably at least 2.5 times, the specific volume of the compact zones.
  • at least about 20 percent of the filaments of said open zones are distributed in a random manner in the interior of said open zone. More preferably, at least 50 percent of the filaments are so randomly distributed.
  • the length of the open zones and the compact zones will vary depending upon the particular operating conditions, eg the open zones may be only a few millimeters long, even as short as 3 5 millimeters, or they may be as long as 20 or 30 or even more centimeters. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the compact zones is less than the length of the open zones, preferably being at least 50 percent less than the length of the open zones.
  • the yarn of the present invention is obtained by a process in which at least one yarn end is introduced, under substantially no tension, into turbulence chamber of a nozzle after having first passed through a nozzle upstream portion of reduced cross-section.
  • the yarn is fed to the nozzle in a substantially axial manner.
  • the yarn is subjected to the action of a multitude of multi-directional turbulences, which have the effect of disorganizing the yarn and rearranging same in a manner such as to produce a textured yarn having open zones and compact zones.
  • At least one yarn end is fed to the nozzle in a controlled manner.
  • Such controlled feeding may or may not be periodical or at regular intervals.
  • the yarn filament or strand strengths and the' amount of turbulence are chosen such that a substantial number of yarn strands are broken under the effect of the turbulence.
  • suitable jet turbulence will whip the various filaments about with such rapidity that the flex life of the material is rapidly exceeded and some or even most of the filaments are broken.
  • at least 30 percent of the filaments of the effect yarns are broken.
  • the yarn is then interlaced in a known manner to produce a product having improved physical properties.
  • Low density effect yarns are preferably used, such as collulose acetate, acrylic or polyester fibers.
  • the yarn can often be advantageously subjected to a sudden change of direction when passing out of the nozzle.
  • Bundles or ends of filaments having different characteristics may be used, such as filaments formed of different polymers or else filaments of the same polymer but of different types.
  • the toughest filaments will generally be disposed in the central part of the yarn forming the core thereof while the weaker yarns will be disposed around such core.
  • ambient air e.g., at a temperature of about C.
  • the air or other gas may be heated to an elevated temperature to shrink the yarn filaments or to fix the yarn by partially softening or melting the filaments during the treatment in the nozzle.
  • Heated air or other gas may also be used to simultaneously dry a yarn which has been wetted in a previous step with, e.g. water or an organic solvent.
  • the temperature of the gas or air should not be so high as to be deleterious to the yarn, e.g. cause substantial fusion or degradation of the filaments.
  • a particularly advantageous device for the practice of the process of the present invention is formed by the nozzle described in my co-pending application Ser. No. 807,540, filed Mar. l7, I969, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated for the additional teaching of the nozzle therein.
  • This nozzle comprises a cylindrical conduit for yarn passage, with the conduit having an upstream part of reduced section and a downstream part having greater cross-sectional area, with no joining zone therein-between.
  • the fluid jet feed conduit opens into the downstream, or wider, part of the cylindrical conduit, making an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical conduit.
  • the fluid jet feed conduit opens into the greater cross-sectional area portion of the axial conduit in the upstream part thereof.
  • the cylindrical conduit downstream part of greater cross-sectional area ends downstream in a short discharge section of somewhat smaller diameter.
  • the cylindrical conduit upstream part of reduced section is formed by an adjustable tube, which is adjustable in position relative to the downstream part of greater cross-sectional area.
  • the upstream tube is conveniently associated with a polished screw to permit variation of position of this tube.
  • the apparatus used in the process of this invention to produce the yarn of this invention also comprises means for releasing, guiding and pulling the yarn which is known to the art.
  • periodically or non-periodically controlled releasing means such as the effect generators of the type described in French Patent No. l,546,53l.
  • FIG. I is a schematic view of the nozzle used in the process of this invention.
  • FIG. 4 is one embodiment of a nozzle which can be used in the practice of the present process, wherein the upstream portion of the nozzle, having a conduit of reduced cross section for yarn passage, is adjustable;
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 illustrate the yarn produced according to working Examples 1 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment for treating two yarn ends, one of which is controlled, to produce yarns having a highly decorative effect
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate the appearance of yarns produced by working examples 6 and 7;
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 are schematic diagrams of further embodiments of apparatus used to treat one yarn end and represent the apparatus used in working examples
  • FIG. 15 represents the appearance of the yarn produced by working Examples 8 l l.
  • nozzle 1 comprises a body 2 having therein an axial conduit 4 for the yarn or yarns.
  • Axial conduit 4 has an opening 3 which is slightly flared, with the opposite end of axial conduit 4 opening into an enlarged area 5 into which fluid flows via conduit 6.
  • the enlarged area 5 terminates in a short discharge section 7 of somewhat smaller diameter.
  • the apparatus of FIG. 2 is used wherein one yarn end is to be treated.
  • the apparatus includes bobbin 9, guide 10, feed or delivery roller 11, nozle 1, discharge or release roller 12 and conventional wind-up means, in this instance illustrated as a system comprising a spindle 13, ring 14 and traveler 15.
  • FIG. allows the production of a decorative yarn having intermittent open zone areas.
  • the apparatus is somewhat similar to that of FIGS. 8 and 9 except an effect generator 33, carrying 2 eccentric cleats 34, 34, is located between bobbin 22, carrying effect yarn 21, and nozzle 1. Core yarn 26 is fed in a controlled manner, and the yarn discharged from nozzle 1 passes over controlled roller 28, associated with roller 29.
  • effect generator 33 may be replaced by conventional entangling apparatus, ei ther mechanical or electronic.
  • FIG. 13 represents a schematic diagram of another embodiment of apparatus which can be used to treat one yarn end.
  • the yarn passes from bobbin 35 through guide 38 over guide 36, delivery roller 37, back to guide 36, back to delivery roller 37, then over associated delivery roller 37', through noule 1, over guide 36 to guide 39, around release roller 40, back to guide 39, again around release roller 40 and then to associated release roller 40' and to a conventional wind-up system having spindle 13, ring 14 and traveler 15, after passing through guide 41.
  • the apparatus of FIG. 14 is the same as the apparatus of FIG. 13 except an interknit nozzle 44 is used between guide 36 and guide 39.
  • the interknit nozzle 44 is known, and is illustrated, for instance, in French Patent No. 1,556,272, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference for the disclosure of such nozzle therein.
  • a nozzle 1 was used which had a height of 54 mm, a conduit 4 length of 34 mm and diameter of 2 mm, and an enlarged area 5 length of 19 mm and a diameter of 5 mm.
  • the discharge section 7 had a height of 5.5 mm and an internal diameter of 3.8 mm.
  • Conduit 6 had a diameter of 2 mm, a length of l2 mm and made an angle of 25 with the longitudinal axis of the nozzle (i.e. with the axis of conduit 4).
  • Example I A polyethylene terephthalate yarn, 50 dtex/22 filaments, having an initial twist of l2 turns/meter and a multilobed cross section, was treated on apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2 under the following conditions:
  • a cellulose acetate effect yarn, 167 dtex/36 filaments, 0 turns/meter, and a polyhexamethylene adipimide core yarn, 44 dtex/l3 strands, l2 turns/meter were treated on apparatus corresponding to FIG. 3, using the following operating conditions:
  • Feeding speed of the polyamide yarn 206 m/min Feeding speed of the cellulose acetate yarn: 236 m/min Pulling speed of the yarn by roller (I2) I76 m/min Spindle (13) speed: 5l00 turns/min Air pressure to nozzle (1) 2.5 kg/cm
  • the yarn obtained in this example had the appearance of the yarn of FIG. 6, and the following characteristics:
  • Feeding speed of the polyamide yarn 262 m/min Feeding speed of the cellulose acetate yarn: 268 m/min Pulling speed of the yarn by roller (12) i 256 m/min Spindle (13) speed:
  • Air pressure to nozzle (1) 3.5 kg/cm.
  • the resulting yarn had the appearance of the yarn of FIG. 7, and the following characteristics:
  • Example 5 A polyethylene terephthalate yarn, 50 dtex/22 filaments, l2 turns/meter, and a cellulose acetate effect yarn, 167 dtex/36 filaments, 0 turns/meter, were treated on the apparatus of FIG. 3, using the following operating conditions:
  • Feeding speed of the polyamide yarn Feeding speed of the triacetate yarn: Pulling speed of the yarn by rollers (12):
  • the yarn had the appearance of the yarn of FIG. 7 and the following characteristics:
  • Example 6 A decorative slub yarn was manufactured on apparatus corresponding to FIG. 9 using two ends of multilobed iridescent polyethylene terephthalate yarn, 50 dtex/22 filaments, l2 turns/meter, as the core yarn and as the effect yarn, using the following operating conditions:
  • Example 7 The same yarn used in Example 6 above was used as the effect and as the core yarn in the production of a textured yarn from two yarn ends in the apparatus represented by FIG. 10.
  • the effect generator 33 had two cleats 34, 34 thereon, and the following operating conditions were observed:
  • the properties of the yarn of this example can be increased by imparting a certain torsion to the yarn after passage through nozzle 1, as summarized by the following table:
  • Example 9 This example is identical to Example 8, except that the acrylic yarn initially (that is, as taken off bobbin 35 had a twist of tums/meter. The resulting textured yarn had a more compact appearance than that produced by Example 8 with an extension at rupture of 10.2 percent and a tensile strength of 1.51 g/dtex.
  • Example I0 If a greater specific volume is desired as well as a shorter and more flexible yarn, it has been found advantageous to use a yarn with a great number of weak filaments, which weak filaments are broken, as the specific volume (or pile density) depends, in part, upon the number of broken strands in the yarn.
  • Example 11 This example was identical to Example 10 above, except that the apparatus of FIG. 14 was used. As mentioned before, the only difference between the apparatus in FIG. 13 and that of FIG. 14 is the interknitnozzle 44.
  • the particular nozzle used was described in French Patent No. 1,556,272, using air pressure in the interknit nozzle of 2.5 kglcm The cohesiveness of the filaments was increased, as well as the tensile strength, which was 2 g/dtex.
  • the yarn had essentially the same appearance as that produced by Example 10.
  • the interknitting treatment has the advantage that it is distinctly more economical than mechanically imparting a torsion or twist to the yarn.
  • High bulk textured multifilament yarn comprising at least one end, said yarn having alternating compact and open zones fonning effects, the frequency of effect being between about 5 and about 50 mm, the specific volume of said open zones being at least twice the specific volume of said compact zones, the shape of the outer surface of said open zones being oblong, at least 20 percent of the filaments of said at least one end being distributed in a random manner in the interior of said open zones, with the distance of said filaments in relation to the major axis of the yarn varying from filament to filament, less than 40 percent of the filaments being entangled in the open zones, the average length of the compact zones being at least 50 percent less than the length of the open zones.
  • said at least one core yarn is of filaments having greater tensile strengths than the filaments of said effect yarn.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US00191115A 1970-10-22 1971-10-20 Effect voluminous yarn Expired - Lifetime US3823541A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7038479A FR2111644A2 (en) 1970-10-22 1970-10-22 Multi-filament knop yarn - formed by intermittently supplying yarn to air nozzle
FR7038478A FR2110642A5 (en) 1970-10-22 1970-10-22 Multi-filament knop yarn - formed by intermittently supplying yarn to air nozzle
FR7044628A FR2116902A6 (fr) 1970-12-09 1970-12-09 Fil volumineux a effet,procede et dispositif pour l'obtenir

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US3823541A true US3823541A (en) 1974-07-16

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US00191115A Expired - Lifetime US3823541A (en) 1970-10-22 1971-10-20 Effect voluminous yarn

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US (1) US3823541A (fr)
BE (1) BE774284A (fr)
CA (1) CA951502A (fr)
CH (1) CH568412A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE2152835A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES396282A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1368317A (fr)
LU (1) LU64121A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL7113530A (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4064686A (en) * 1975-02-27 1977-12-27 Whitted Robert L Intermittently bulked yarn
US4069565A (en) * 1974-11-28 1978-01-24 Toray Industries, Inc. Process and apparatus for producing textured multifilament yarn
US4070815A (en) * 1974-11-28 1978-01-31 Toray Industries, Inc. Textured multifilament yarn
US4223520A (en) * 1975-02-27 1980-09-23 Poinsett Machine Works, Inc. Method and apparatus for bulking yarn
US4237187A (en) * 1979-02-26 1980-12-02 Allied Chemical Corporation Highly oriented, partially drawn, untwisted, compact poly(ε-caproamide) yarn
US4685179A (en) * 1983-10-13 1987-08-11 World Tech Fibres, Inc. Air processing apparatus
US4782565A (en) * 1983-10-13 1988-11-08 World Tech Fibres, Inc. Air processing apparatus

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3835873A1 (de) * 1987-10-27 1989-05-11 Barmag Barmer Maschf Vorrichtung zur effektgarnherstellung
WO2008034457A1 (fr) * 2006-09-22 2008-03-27 SSM Schärer Schweiter Mettler AG Dispositif pour la production de flammes

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3104516A (en) * 1962-05-18 1963-09-24 Du Pont Process for preparing a variable denier composite multifilament yarn
US3105349A (en) * 1954-05-28 1963-10-01 Celanese Corp Method and apparatus for producing novelty yarn
US3113413A (en) * 1959-06-08 1963-12-10 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus and method for producing volumized slub yarn
US3144747A (en) * 1959-05-05 1964-08-18 Celanese Corp Apparatus for producing a composite novelty slub yarn
US3174271A (en) * 1963-06-03 1965-03-23 Du Pont Variable denier multifilament yarn having random slubs in a broad distribution of sizes
US3233399A (en) * 1959-08-31 1966-02-08 Celanese Corp Novelty yarn
US3262177A (en) * 1961-11-01 1966-07-26 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Apparatus for producing novelty bulked yarn
US3474613A (en) * 1968-09-13 1969-10-28 Du Pont Air jet process and apparatus for making novelty yarn and product thereof
US3517498A (en) * 1967-06-22 1970-06-30 Rodiaceta Apparatus and method for producing a doupion thread
US3591955A (en) * 1968-06-27 1971-07-13 Nippon Rayon Kk Process for producing a slub yarn

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3105349A (en) * 1954-05-28 1963-10-01 Celanese Corp Method and apparatus for producing novelty yarn
US3144747A (en) * 1959-05-05 1964-08-18 Celanese Corp Apparatus for producing a composite novelty slub yarn
US3113413A (en) * 1959-06-08 1963-12-10 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus and method for producing volumized slub yarn
US3233399A (en) * 1959-08-31 1966-02-08 Celanese Corp Novelty yarn
US3262177A (en) * 1961-11-01 1966-07-26 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Apparatus for producing novelty bulked yarn
US3104516A (en) * 1962-05-18 1963-09-24 Du Pont Process for preparing a variable denier composite multifilament yarn
US3174271A (en) * 1963-06-03 1965-03-23 Du Pont Variable denier multifilament yarn having random slubs in a broad distribution of sizes
US3517498A (en) * 1967-06-22 1970-06-30 Rodiaceta Apparatus and method for producing a doupion thread
US3591955A (en) * 1968-06-27 1971-07-13 Nippon Rayon Kk Process for producing a slub yarn
US3474613A (en) * 1968-09-13 1969-10-28 Du Pont Air jet process and apparatus for making novelty yarn and product thereof

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4069565A (en) * 1974-11-28 1978-01-24 Toray Industries, Inc. Process and apparatus for producing textured multifilament yarn
US4070815A (en) * 1974-11-28 1978-01-31 Toray Industries, Inc. Textured multifilament yarn
US4064686A (en) * 1975-02-27 1977-12-27 Whitted Robert L Intermittently bulked yarn
US4223520A (en) * 1975-02-27 1980-09-23 Poinsett Machine Works, Inc. Method and apparatus for bulking yarn
US4237187A (en) * 1979-02-26 1980-12-02 Allied Chemical Corporation Highly oriented, partially drawn, untwisted, compact poly(ε-caproamide) yarn
US4685179A (en) * 1983-10-13 1987-08-11 World Tech Fibres, Inc. Air processing apparatus
US4782565A (en) * 1983-10-13 1988-11-08 World Tech Fibres, Inc. Air processing apparatus

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GB1368317A (en) 1974-09-25
NL7113530A (fr) 1972-04-25
CH568412A5 (fr) 1975-10-31
ES396282A1 (es) 1974-10-16
DE2152835A1 (de) 1972-04-27
LU64121A1 (fr) 1972-05-12
BE774284A (fr) 1972-04-21
CA951502A (en) 1974-07-23

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