US3822823A - Vacuum centrifuge - Google Patents

Vacuum centrifuge Download PDF

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Publication number
US3822823A
US3822823A US00229489A US22948972A US3822823A US 3822823 A US3822823 A US 3822823A US 00229489 A US00229489 A US 00229489A US 22948972 A US22948972 A US 22948972A US 3822823 A US3822823 A US 3822823A
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United States
Prior art keywords
housing
shaft
vacuum
motor
rings
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00229489A
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English (en)
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M Wutz
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B15/00—Other accessories for centrifuges
    • B04B15/08—Other accessories for centrifuges for ventilating or producing a vacuum in the centrifuge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B15/00—Other accessories for centrifuges

Definitions

  • an airtight housing has a centrifuge container located therein, mounted on a shaft to rotate at high speed.
  • a plurality of turbine rotor rings are located, connected to the shaft, the space between the turbine rings having interdigited turbine stator rings mounted thereon, so that, upon rotation of the centrifuge, the rotor and stator rings will cooperate to provide a high vacuum in the region of the centrifuging container.
  • Ciaims 10 Ciaims, 2 Drawing Figures 1 VACUUM CENTRIIFUGE
  • the present invention relates to a high vacuum centrifuge and more particularly to an ultracentrifuge to operate within an evacuated housing.
  • Centrifuges have been proposed which, during centrifuging, operate essentially in a vacuum. To obtain the vacuum, it was customary to use diffusion vacuum pumps. Diffusion vacuum pumps require a comparatively substantial warm-up time, so that they are not immediately operable, and centrifuging under vacuum must be delayed from the time that the centrifuge and vacuum apparatus are actually started. Diffusion pumps of this type, additionally, frequently are operated with oil which requires special provisions to keep the housing within which the rotor is mounted free from oil vapors.
  • FIG. 1 is a highly schematic side view of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a highly schematic similar side view, illustrating another embodiment, similar parts in the two embodiments having been given similar reference numerals.
  • the centrifuge of FIG. 1 is located within a housing (1), which can be evacuated.
  • the rotor, or centrifuging container 2 sits on a shaft 4, the container 2 being standard and having the form of any centrifuge as desired.
  • the housing 1 is formed with a flanged evacuation stub 3 to form an exhaust port, to which a pump P can be connected, the pump P being an exhaust pump of simple design to provide an initial low pressure within housing 1.
  • Shaft 4 is suitably journaled on its top side adjacent'the centrifuging container 2, as well known in the art and only schematically indicated.
  • the lower end of shaft 4 is carried through the housing by means of a vacuum seal 5a, and then directly connected to a drive motor 6.
  • the drive motor may be a hysteresis, or other asynchronous motor, a split-cylinder motor, a shaded pole motor or the like.
  • turbine rotor blade rows 7 to form the turbine rotors of a turbo-molecular vacuum pump. These rings 7 are axially spaced from each other.
  • Stator turbine guide rings, containing guide blades, or director blades 8, are secured to the inner wall of the housing 1, and arranged to fit'between the axial spaces of the rotor turbine rings 7.
  • the rows 7, and the stator blades 8 are preferably essentially disk-shaped, the disks of the rotor and stator being located in interfitting, interdigited arrangements.
  • suction Upon rotation of shaft 4, suction will be created by the combined action of the rotor rings 7 and the stator rings 8, in a downward direction with respect to FIG. 1, the uppermost rotor rings 7 providing a suction zone, so that the vacuum created is highest in the region in which the container 2 is located.
  • the upper ring 7 itself forms the suction opening, the arrangement being so made that the drive motor 6 is located below the bottom-most rotor blade 7.
  • the turbomolecular vacuum pump formed by the rotor and stator rings 7 and 8 respectively, provides a high vacuum in the region of the container 2.
  • the blades of the rotor rings and of the stator rings are similar to those of an axial compressor, by itself well known in the art.
  • FIG. 2 is similar to that of FIG. 1 except that the drive is different.
  • shaft 4 terminates within the housing 1 and is journaled in a thrust bearing 5b.
  • the rotor blades 7, as before, are secured to the shaft 4.
  • the shaft 4 at the bottom carries a rotor 6a of an electric motor having a stator 6b located outside of the housing, so that the housing need not be pierced by a shaft seal, which introduces leakage.
  • a hysteresis motor is particularly useful, the rotor of which is disk-shaped, rotating with respect to stator winding.
  • Different types of drive motors for example, asynchronous motors, are also useful.
  • Hysteresis motors can be controlled particularly simply and accurately by means of electrical and electronic speed control. They have the advantage to operate asynchronously upon starting, and, when reaching nominal speed, having essentially the characteristics of a synchronous motor.
  • the arrangement of providing a high molecular pump on the same shaft as the drive of a centrifuge provides a compact, simple ultra-speed centrifuge which can operate without special oil or lubrication and which is immediately operable upon connection to an electrical drive, with or without (but preferably with) additional vacuum exhausts through pump P.
  • any motor handbook or, for example, the Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers (McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, Toronto, London) may be consulted.
  • the combination of motor and rotor container within the housing has the additional advantage that the vacuum increases as the centrifuging speed increases,,that is, as the speed of the motor increases, since both the rotor of the pumpas well as the centrifuging container are operated from the same shaft. No special arrangements to keep out oil vapors, as in diffusion pumps, are necessary.
  • Vacuum centrifuge comprising an airtight housing (1) and an exhaust port (3) formed in the housing;
  • a plurality of turbine stator rings located within the housing and interengaging in the spaces between the turbine rotor rings, the turbine rotor rings and the turbine stator rings together forming a turbo-molecular vacuum pump entirely located within the housing, to evacuate the housing as the centrifuging container is rotated by the motor, and create a vacuum adjacent said centrifuging con tainer.
  • Vacuum centrifuge according to claim 1 wherein the turbine rotor rings, the shaft and the drive motor form a unitary assembly.
  • Vacuum centrifuge according to claim 1 including a thrust bearing (6) located in the housing, the shaft being journaled in the thrust bearing and entirely contained within the housing.
  • Vacuum centrifuge according to claim 1 including a rotary vacuum seal (5a) through the housing, the shaft passing through the vacuum seal in airtight manner;
  • the motor being located outside of the housing.
  • Vacuum centrifuge according to claim 1, including an external vacuum pump (P) connected to the exhaust port (3).
  • P external vacuum pump

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  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
US00229489A 1971-03-19 1972-02-25 Vacuum centrifuge Expired - Lifetime US3822823A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712113460 DE2113460A1 (de) 1971-03-19 1971-03-19 Zentrifuge mit evakuierbarem gehaeuse

Publications (1)

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US3822823A true US3822823A (en) 1974-07-09

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US00229489A Expired - Lifetime US3822823A (en) 1971-03-19 1972-02-25 Vacuum centrifuge

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US (1) US3822823A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2113460A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2135135B1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1391015A (enExample)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4205779A (en) * 1979-03-14 1980-06-03 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Pressure bypass ports for an ultracentrifuge drive system in a vacuum environment
RU2631951C1 (ru) * 2017-01-19 2017-09-29 Федеральное казенное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт "Геодезия" (ФКП "НИИ "Геодезия") Вакуумная центрифуга
US10357787B2 (en) 2009-03-06 2019-07-23 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Centrifugal separator having energy consumption reducing devices

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2377175A (en) * 1939-01-24 1945-05-29 Gen Electric Display apparatus
US3108955A (en) * 1947-02-26 1963-10-29 Gen Electric Co Ltd Hollow rotors and centrifuges
US3304990A (en) * 1965-02-15 1967-02-21 Univ Tennessee Res Corp Explosion proof centrifugal evaporator with magnetic drive
US3327938A (en) * 1964-06-10 1967-06-27 Martin Christ Fa Vacuum centrifuge

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2377175A (en) * 1939-01-24 1945-05-29 Gen Electric Display apparatus
US3108955A (en) * 1947-02-26 1963-10-29 Gen Electric Co Ltd Hollow rotors and centrifuges
US3327938A (en) * 1964-06-10 1967-06-27 Martin Christ Fa Vacuum centrifuge
US3304990A (en) * 1965-02-15 1967-02-21 Univ Tennessee Res Corp Explosion proof centrifugal evaporator with magnetic drive

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4205779A (en) * 1979-03-14 1980-06-03 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Pressure bypass ports for an ultracentrifuge drive system in a vacuum environment
US10357787B2 (en) 2009-03-06 2019-07-23 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Centrifugal separator having energy consumption reducing devices
US10427171B2 (en) 2009-03-06 2019-10-01 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Centrifugal separator having energy consumption reducing devices
US11396026B2 (en) 2009-03-06 2022-07-26 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Centrifugal separator having energy consumption reducing devices
RU2631951C1 (ru) * 2017-01-19 2017-09-29 Федеральное казенное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт "Геодезия" (ФКП "НИИ "Геодезия") Вакуумная центрифуга

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2135135B1 (enExample) 1975-04-25
FR2135135A1 (enExample) 1972-12-15
DE2113460A1 (de) 1973-06-07
GB1391015A (en) 1975-04-16

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