US3821492A - Electret transducer having two diaphragms - Google Patents

Electret transducer having two diaphragms Download PDF

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Publication number
US3821492A
US3821492A US00373816A US37381673A US3821492A US 3821492 A US3821492 A US 3821492A US 00373816 A US00373816 A US 00373816A US 37381673 A US37381673 A US 37381673A US 3821492 A US3821492 A US 3821492A
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United States
Prior art keywords
film
annulus
electroacoustic transducer
vibrating
electrode means
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00373816A
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A Yamaguchi
M Asahina
M Tamura
Iwama
T Asahina
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Pioneer Corp
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Pioneer Electronic Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/01—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets
    • H04R19/013—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/02—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/24—Structural combinations of separate transducers or of two parts of the same transducer and responsive respectively to two or more frequency ranges

Definitions

  • the dynamic speaker has a construction wherein a subdiaphragm light in weight and small in size is mounted within a main diaphragm, and both diaphragms are driven by a single voice coil.
  • the low frequency range is reproduced by the main diaphragm
  • the frequency range higher than the reproducible frequency of the main diaphragm is reproduced by the sub-diaphragm.
  • Such speakers for example as disclosed in Japanese Pat. No. 236,903, are called mechanical two way speakers, and they are easy to use as they do not need dividers, but they are restricted in a dynamic type and cannot be realized in an electrostatic type.
  • the main object of this invention to provide an electrostatic electroacoustic transducer wherein excellent frequency characteristics are obtained by dividing a vibrating film into two portions, one of a high frequency range and the other for a low frequency range.
  • .It is a further object of this invention to provide an electrostatic electroacoustic transducer which is excellent for mass production and is inexpensive to manufacture.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 11-11 of FIG. 11, wherein the parts shown in FIG. 11 are joined together.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention wherein the back electrode and vibrating film shown in FIG. 2 are connected to an alternating signal source.
  • a back electrode 111 is a plate made of aluminum, electroconductive plastics or the like and having many holes for passing acoustic radiation.
  • a gasket 12 is made of an elastic material, for example, polyethylene, polyurethane or the like, which has many independent foams therein.
  • An electret 13 comprises a mixture of parts by weight of a polyvinylidenfluoride resin and 30 parts by weight of a polymethyl metacrylate resin, and has many holes for passing acoustic radiation which holes correspond respectively with the holes of the back electrode 111.
  • a vibrating film 1141 of about from 5 to 15 microns in thickness is spread comparatively loosely onto the upper face of an outer portion of a frame M.
  • a vibrating film 1151 of about from 1 to 10 microns in thickness is spread comparatively tightly onto the lower face of an inner portion of a frame 15.
  • the vibrating film 1141 responds mainly to signals in a low frequency range and is composed of, for example, copolymer of vinylidenchloride and vinyl-chloride (bearing the trademark of Klewrap) or polyethylene-terephthalate (bearing the trademark of Mylar), and one face or both faces of the film are made electroconductive.
  • the vibrating film 151 responds mainly to signals in a higher frequency range and is composed of, for example, polyethylene-terephthalate (bearing the trademark of Mylar), polypropylene, metallic foil of aluminum, titanium or the like, and one face or both faces of the film are made electroconductive like the film Ml.
  • An electret 116, a gasket 17 and a back electrode 18 correspond to the electret 13, the gasket 12 and the back electrode 111, respectively, in construction, and corresponding parts are composed of the same material.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the diametric line II-II of FIG. 1 and shows all the parts joined together.
  • the space between the vibrating film 1141 and both electrets 13 and 16 is about two or three hundred microns.
  • the thickness of both vibrating films 1411 and E511 is very small compared to these spaces; therefore, both vibrating films may be regarded as existing in one plane surface at the center of both electrets l3 and 116, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown one embodiment of the manner in which the alternating signal is applied to the speaker.
  • the electrets 13 and 116 are charged before hand to the polarities shown in FIG. 3; therefore, the vibrating films M11 and 1511 are charged, in the absence of an input signal, to the polarities also as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the vibrating films MI and 1151 are electrically connected to each other.
  • the back electrodes 11 and 18 are connected to one terminal of the secondary winding of a step-up transformer 19, and the vibrating films 141i and 151 are connected to the other terminal of the secondary winding of the step-up transformer 19.
  • the back electrodes Ill and 18 are simultaneously charged with the same charge, thereby decreasing the surface charge of one electret, which was previously charged, and increasing the surface charge of the other electret. This process is alternately repeated, whereby the films 141 and 151 are vibrated.
  • the vibrating film 141 is comparatively thick and is spread slightly loosely; therefore, this film vibrates well in the low frequency range but not well in the high frequency range.
  • the vibrating film 1151 is comparatively thin and is spread slightly tightly, therefore, this film vibrates well in the high frequency range but not well in the low frequency range.
  • the present invention provides many improvements over prior art devices. That is, first, a vibrating film is divided into two portions, one for the low frequency range and the other is for the high frequency range; therefore, good frequency characteristics can be obtained easily in each frequency range, and frequency characteristics are excellent in all frequency ranges. Second, in case this transducer is used as a speaker, it is not necessary to provide a dividing network to divide an input signal into high and low frequency ranges, and the transformer may be simple in construction, light in weight and inexpensive to produce. Third, the frames 14 and 15 may be identical to each other, and only the vibrating films are spread differently, one loosely and one tightly; therefore, a two way transducer may be easily obtained with increasing the number of parts.
  • the vibrating films 141 and 151 can be spread in the same plane surface, whereby a two way transducer can be constructed with almost the same thickness as a one way transducer.
  • the structure of this invention may be applied in a general electrostatic electroacoustic transducer which does not use any electrets. Further, the structure of this invention may be applied not only in a push-pull type but also in a single type transducer.
  • An electrostatic electroacoustic transducer comprising in a sandwich the following elements in a vertical stack:
  • both of the films have a circular shape, said first film having a smaller diameter than said second film, said second film being in the form of an annulus having a central circular aperture with a diameter at least as great as the diameter of said first film, the first film being in the form of a disc and vertically aligned with the central aperture in the second film, whereby said films are non-overlapping.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)

Abstract

An electrostatic electroacoustic transducer having two or more vibrating films. A treated signal is mechanically divided into two or more frequency ranges.

Description

tales Paten [191 Tamara et al.
[ June 28, 1974 lELlElC'llRET TRANSDUCER RlAVlNlG 0 DllAlPllllRAGMS Inventors: Masaliiko 'llamura; Kiyonori llwama,
both of Tokorozawa; Alkira Yamaguclni, Irima, all of Japan; Mitsuo Asaliina, deceased, late of Tokyo, .1 apan, by Toshiro Asahina,
legal representative Assignee: l ioneer Electronic Corporation,
Tokyo, Japan Filed: June 26, 1973 Appl. No.: 373,816
Related US. Application Data Continuation of Ser. No. 162,381, July 14, 1971,
abandoned.
Foreign Application Priority Data July 14, 1970 Japan ..45- 69759 1.1.5. (:1. ..1l79/111E,179/116,179/181 R 1111. C1 11041 19/02 Field 011 Search 179/111 R, 111 E, 106,
179/116, 181 R, l R
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,631,196 3/1953 Janszen 179/111 R 2,935,575 5/1960 Bobb 1'79/111 R 3,310,628 3/1967 Cragg et a1. 3,389,226 6/1968 Peabody 179/1 1 1 R Primary Examiner-Kathleen H. Claffy Assistant Examiner-Thomas L. Kundert Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Sughrue, Rothwell, Mion, Zinn & Macpeak ABSCT An electrostatic electroacoustic transducer having two or more vibrating films. A treated signal is mechanically divided into two or more frequency ranges.
4 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures PATENTEU JUN 2 8 I974 SHEET 1 [IF 2 ELECTRET TRANSDUCER HAVING TWO DIAEEIRAGMS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to an electrostatic electroacoustic transducer, and more particularly to a multiway electrostatic electroacoustic transducer.
2. Description of the Prior Art Heretofore, there has been generally proposed a two way electroacoustic transducer, for example, a two way speaker system wherein two dynamic speakers are employed, one for a high frequency range and the other for a low frequency range. Such a transducer must be provided with an electrical frequency divider so as to divide an input signal into high and low frequency signals. Consequently, the speaker system is complex in construction, heavy in weight and expensive to produce. The problem of the heavy weight is especially inconvenient for a headphone.
On the other hand, there has been proposed another two way speaker system wherein a divider is not used, but only one dynamic speaker is used. In this case, the dynamic speaker has a construction wherein a subdiaphragm light in weight and small in size is mounted within a main diaphragm, and both diaphragms are driven by a single voice coil. Thereby, the low frequency range is reproduced by the main diaphragm, and the frequency range higher than the reproducible frequency of the main diaphragm is reproduced by the sub-diaphragm. Such speakers, for example as disclosed in Japanese Pat. No. 236,903, are called mechanical two way speakers, and they are easy to use as they do not need dividers, but they are restricted in a dynamic type and cannot be realized in an electrostatic type.
In an electrostatic type speaker, if a vibrating film is tight, the frequency characteristics are good in the high frequency range but not good in the low frequency range; on the other hand, if the vibrating film is slightly loose, the frequency characteristics are good in the low range but not good in the high range.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is, therefore, the main object of this invention to provide an electrostatic electroacoustic transducer wherein excellent frequency characteristics are obtained by dividing a vibrating film into two portions, one of a high frequency range and the other for a low frequency range.
It is another object of this invention to provide an electrostatic electroacoustic transducer which is simple in construction, does not require a frequency divider, and uses only one driving unit for vibrating the film portions.
.It is a further object of this invention to provide an electrostatic electroacoustic transducer which is excellent for mass production and is inexpensive to manufacture.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS bodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 11-11 of FIG. 11, wherein the parts shown in FIG. 11 are joined together.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention wherein the back electrode and vibrating film shown in FIG. 2 are connected to an alternating signal source.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention, which is an electrostatic type speaker, will be explained in detail referring to drawings.
In FIG. 11, a back electrode 111 is a plate made of aluminum, electroconductive plastics or the like and having many holes for passing acoustic radiation. A gasket 12 is made of an elastic material, for example, polyethylene, polyurethane or the like, which has many independent foams therein. An electret 13 comprises a mixture of parts by weight of a polyvinylidenfluoride resin and 30 parts by weight of a polymethyl metacrylate resin, and has many holes for passing acoustic radiation which holes correspond respectively with the holes of the back electrode 111. A vibrating film 1141 of about from 5 to 15 microns in thickness is spread comparatively loosely onto the upper face of an outer portion of a frame M. On the other hand, a vibrating film 1151 of about from 1 to 10 microns in thickness is spread comparatively tightly onto the lower face of an inner portion of a frame 15. The vibrating film 1141 responds mainly to signals in a low frequency range and is composed of, for example, copolymer of vinylidenchloride and vinyl-chloride (bearing the trademark of Klewrap) or polyethylene-terephthalate (bearing the trademark of Mylar), and one face or both faces of the film are made electroconductive.
The vibrating film 151 responds mainly to signals in a higher frequency range and is composed of, for example, polyethylene-terephthalate (bearing the trademark of Mylar), polypropylene, metallic foil of aluminum, titanium or the like, and one face or both faces of the film are made electroconductive like the film Ml. An electret 116, a gasket 17 and a back electrode 18 correspond to the electret 13, the gasket 12 and the back electrode 111, respectively, in construction, and corresponding parts are composed of the same material.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the diametric line II-II of FIG. 1 and shows all the parts joined together. The space between the vibrating film 1141 and both electrets 13 and 16 is about two or three hundred microns. The thickness of both vibrating films 1411 and E511 is very small compared to these spaces; therefore, both vibrating films may be regarded as existing in one plane surface at the center of both electrets l3 and 116, as shown in FIG. 2.
When an alternating signal is fed to both electrets I13 and 116 and both vibrating films 141 and 1511 in a known way, an acoustic output is obtained from the speaker.
In FIG. 3, there is shown one embodiment of the manner in which the alternating signal is applied to the speaker. The electrets 13 and 116 are charged before hand to the polarities shown in FIG. 3; therefore, the vibrating films M11 and 1511 are charged, in the absence of an input signal, to the polarities also as shown in FIG. 3. The vibrating films MI and 1151 are electrically connected to each other. The back electrodes 11 and 18 are connected to one terminal of the secondary winding of a step-up transformer 19, and the vibrating films 141i and 151 are connected to the other terminal of the secondary winding of the step-up transformer 19. When an alternating signal is fed to the step-up transformer 19 from the signal source 20, the back electrodes Ill and 18 are simultaneously charged with the same charge, thereby decreasing the surface charge of one electret, which was previously charged, and increasing the surface charge of the other electret. This process is alternately repeated, whereby the films 141 and 151 are vibrated.
The vibrating film 141 is comparatively thick and is spread slightly loosely; therefore, this film vibrates well in the low frequency range but not well in the high frequency range. On the other hand, the vibrating film 1151 is comparatively thin and is spread slightly tightly, therefore, this film vibrates well in the high frequency range but not well in the low frequency range.
The present invention, as described hereinabove, provides many improvements over prior art devices. That is, first, a vibrating film is divided into two portions, one for the low frequency range and the other is for the high frequency range; therefore, good frequency characteristics can be obtained easily in each frequency range, and frequency characteristics are excellent in all frequency ranges. Second, in case this transducer is used as a speaker, it is not necessary to provide a dividing network to divide an input signal into high and low frequency ranges, and the transformer may be simple in construction, light in weight and inexpensive to produce. Third, the frames 14 and 15 may be identical to each other, and only the vibrating films are spread differently, one loosely and one tightly; therefore, a two way transducer may be easily obtained with increasing the number of parts. Fourth, only one pair of electrets, as the fixed electrodes, is required in spite of using two vibrating films. Fifth, the vibrating films 141 and 151 can be spread in the same plane surface, whereby a two way transducer can be constructed with almost the same thickness as a one way transducer.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that a three way, a four way or more transducer may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The structure of this invention may be applied in a general electrostatic electroacoustic transducer which does not use any electrets. Further, the structure of this invention may be applied not only in a push-pull type but also in a single type transducer.
We claim:
1. An electrostatic electroacoustic transducer comprising in a sandwich the following elements in a vertical stack:
a. first fixed electrode means;
b. a first, relatively highly tensioned film for vibrating in a high frequency range;
c. a second, relatively low tensioned film for vibrating in a low frequency range; and
d. second fixed electrode means, said films being non-overlapping and located in substantially the same horizontal plane.
2. An electrostatic electroacoustic transducer as defined in claim 1 wherein both of the films have a circular shape, said first film having a smaller diameter than said second film, said second film being in the form of an annulus having a central circular aperture with a diameter at least as great as the diameter of said first film, the first film being in the form of a disc and vertically aligned with the central aperture in the second film, whereby said films are non-overlapping.
3. An electrostatic electroacoustic transducer as defined in claim 2, further comprising first and second substantially identical frame members disposed in the sandwich respectively between said first electrode means and said first film and between said second electrode means and said second film, each of said frame members being in the form of an annulus having an inner central circular aperture, the inner and outer diameters of the annulus of each frame member being substantially identical to the inner and outer diameters of the annulus formed by said second film, the inner diameter of the annulus of each frame member being substantially equal to the diameter of said'first film, said first film being spread over only the inner central circular aperture of said first frame member on the lower face thereof, and said second film being spread over only the annulus of said second frame member on the upper face thereof.
4. An electrostatic electroacoustic transducer as defined in claim 3 wherein each of said first and second fixed electrode means comprises a charged electret and a back electrode fixed to the electret surface opposite the electret surface facing the electrets associated film. =l =l

Claims (4)

1. An electrostatic electroacoustic transducer comprising in a sandwich the following elements in a vertical stack: a. first fixed electrode means; b. a first, relatively highly tensioned film for vibrating in a high frequency range; c. a second, relatively low tensioned film for vibrating in a low frequency range; and d. second fixed electrode means, said films being nonoverlapping and located in substantially the same horizontal plane.
2. An electrostatic electroacoustic transducer as defined in claim 1 wherein both of the films have a circular shape, said first film having a smaller diameter than said second film, said second film being in the form of an annulus having a central circular aperture with a diameter at least as great as the diameter of said first film, the first film being in the form of a disc and vertically aligned with the central aperture in the second film, whereby said films are non-overlapping.
3. An electrostatic electroacoustic transducer as defined in claim 2, further comprising first and second substantially identical frame members disposed in the sandwich respectively between said first electrode means and said first film and between said second electrode means and said second film, each of said frame members being in the form of an annulus having an inner central circular aperture, the inner and outer diameters of the annulus of each frame member being substantially identical to the inner and outer diameters of the annulus formed by said second film, the inner diameter of the annulus of each frame member being substantially equal to the diameter of said first film, said first film being spread over only the inner central circular aperture of said first frame member on the lower face thereof, and said second film being spread over only the annulus of said second frame member on the upper face thereof.
4. An electrostatic electroacoustic transducer as defined in claim 3 wherein each of said first and second fixed electrode mEans comprises a charged electret and a back electrode fixed to the electret surface opposite the electret surface facing the electret''s associated film.
US00373816A 1970-07-14 1973-06-26 Electret transducer having two diaphragms Expired - Lifetime US3821492A (en)

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JP (1) JPS4912598Y1 (en)
CA (1) CA953017A (en)
DE (1) DE2134706B2 (en)
FR (1) FR2100906B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1352407A (en)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3894243A (en) * 1974-06-06 1975-07-08 Us Navy Polymeric transducer array
US3970862A (en) * 1974-06-25 1976-07-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Polymeric sensor of vibration and dynamic pressure
US3980838A (en) * 1974-02-20 1976-09-14 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Plural electret electroacoustic transducer
US4207442A (en) * 1978-05-15 1980-06-10 Freeman Miller L Driver circuit for electrostatic transducers
US4246448A (en) * 1975-07-08 1981-01-20 Uniroyal Ltd. Electromechanical transducer
US4286122A (en) * 1978-03-13 1981-08-25 U.S. Philips Corporation Acoustic electrical conversion device with at least one capacitor electret element connected to an electronic circuit
US4379951A (en) * 1977-04-20 1983-04-12 Gabr Saad Z M Electro-acoustic transducer means
US4504703A (en) * 1981-06-01 1985-03-12 Asulab S.A. Electro-acoustic transducer
US4872148A (en) * 1984-03-08 1989-10-03 Polaroid Corporation Ultrasonic transducer for use in a corrosive/abrasive environment
US4924504A (en) * 1987-06-18 1990-05-08 Highwood Audio Inc. Audio speaker
US5054081A (en) * 1985-04-02 1991-10-01 West Roger A Electrostatic transducer with improved bass response utilizing disturbed bass resonance energy
US20060082158A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Schrader Jeffrey L Method and device for supplying power from acoustic energy
US20090279729A1 (en) * 2008-05-08 2009-11-12 Jetvox Acoustic Corp. Dual-frequency coaxial earphones
US20100272287A1 (en) * 2009-04-28 2010-10-28 Otologics, Llc Patterned implantable electret microphone
WO2011123552A1 (en) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-06 Otologics, Llc Low noise electret microphone
USD1000422S1 (en) * 2021-04-14 2023-10-03 Crestron Electronics, Inc. Loudspeaker grille

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA989514A (en) * 1972-09-08 1976-05-18 Loh-Yi Chang Electromechanical transducer and method of making same
DE3003178C2 (en) * 1980-01-30 1983-08-04 Sennheiser Electronic Kg, 3002 Wedemark Electroacoustic converter based on the electrostatic principle
DK572483A (en) * 1983-08-19 1985-02-20 Lectret Sa ACOUSTIC TRANSOR AND PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING THIS
DE59410449D1 (en) * 1993-11-14 2007-04-12 Florian Meinhard Koenig MULTI-CHANNEL HEADPHONES WITH CONTROLLED CHARACTERISTICS
TWI483623B (en) * 2012-09-14 2015-05-01 Fortune Grand Technology Inc Speaker unit
CN106028228B (en) * 2016-07-25 2021-06-11 山东共达电声股份有限公司 Vibrating diaphragm and sound equipment with same

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR34837E (en) * 1927-10-21
DE494221C (en) * 1926-06-05 1930-03-20 Vogt Hans Device for converting acoustic vibrations into electrical and vice versa by means of electrostatic fields

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3980838A (en) * 1974-02-20 1976-09-14 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Plural electret electroacoustic transducer
US3894243A (en) * 1974-06-06 1975-07-08 Us Navy Polymeric transducer array
US3970862A (en) * 1974-06-25 1976-07-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Polymeric sensor of vibration and dynamic pressure
US4246448A (en) * 1975-07-08 1981-01-20 Uniroyal Ltd. Electromechanical transducer
US4379951A (en) * 1977-04-20 1983-04-12 Gabr Saad Z M Electro-acoustic transducer means
US4286122A (en) * 1978-03-13 1981-08-25 U.S. Philips Corporation Acoustic electrical conversion device with at least one capacitor electret element connected to an electronic circuit
US4207442A (en) * 1978-05-15 1980-06-10 Freeman Miller L Driver circuit for electrostatic transducers
US4504703A (en) * 1981-06-01 1985-03-12 Asulab S.A. Electro-acoustic transducer
US4872148A (en) * 1984-03-08 1989-10-03 Polaroid Corporation Ultrasonic transducer for use in a corrosive/abrasive environment
US5054081A (en) * 1985-04-02 1991-10-01 West Roger A Electrostatic transducer with improved bass response utilizing disturbed bass resonance energy
US4924504A (en) * 1987-06-18 1990-05-08 Highwood Audio Inc. Audio speaker
US20060082158A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Schrader Jeffrey L Method and device for supplying power from acoustic energy
US20090279729A1 (en) * 2008-05-08 2009-11-12 Jetvox Acoustic Corp. Dual-frequency coaxial earphones
US8077898B2 (en) * 2008-05-08 2011-12-13 Jetvox Acoustic Corp. Dual-frequency coaxial earphones
US20100272287A1 (en) * 2009-04-28 2010-10-28 Otologics, Llc Patterned implantable electret microphone
US8855350B2 (en) 2009-04-28 2014-10-07 Cochlear Limited Patterned implantable electret microphone
WO2011123552A1 (en) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-06 Otologics, Llc Low noise electret microphone
US9060229B2 (en) 2010-03-30 2015-06-16 Cochlear Limited Low noise electret microphone
US20150358709A1 (en) * 2010-03-30 2015-12-10 Cochlear Limited Low noise electret microphone
USD1000422S1 (en) * 2021-04-14 2023-10-03 Crestron Electronics, Inc. Loudspeaker grille
USD1017583S1 (en) * 2021-04-14 2024-03-12 Crestron Electronics Inc. Loudspeaker grille

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DE2134706A1 (en) 1972-01-20
FR2100906A1 (en) 1972-03-24
CA953017A (en) 1974-08-13
GB1352407A (en) 1974-05-08
FR2100906B1 (en) 1975-10-10
DE2134706B2 (en) 1974-04-18
JPS4912598Y1 (en) 1974-03-28

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