US3819740A - Process for thermally cracking hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Process for thermally cracking hydrocarbons Download PDF

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Publication number
US3819740A
US3819740A US00177384A US17738471A US3819740A US 3819740 A US3819740 A US 3819740A US 00177384 A US00177384 A US 00177384A US 17738471 A US17738471 A US 17738471A US 3819740 A US3819740 A US 3819740A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic wave
hydrocarbons
thermal cracking
high temperature
heat medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00177384A
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English (en)
Inventor
S Hori
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kureha Corp
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Kureha Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kureha Corp filed Critical Kureha Corp
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Publication of US3819740A publication Critical patent/US3819740A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/34—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
    • C02F1/36—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/949—Miscellaneous considerations
    • Y10S585/95—Prevention or removal of corrosion or solid deposits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/949—Miscellaneous considerations
    • Y10S585/953—Pulsed, sonic, or plasma process

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 A first figure.
  • a thermal cracking apparatus equipped with an ultrasonic wave generator is applied to give a mixture of the petroleum hydrocarbons and the high temperature heat medium in the thermal cracking reaction zone ultrasonic wave vibration having a power of 001- watts/cm. and a frequency of 1-800 kHz.
  • the ultrasonic wave generator is so designed that it may be protected from the high temperature heat medium by a fluid maintained at a temperature lower than that of the medium.
  • This invention relates to a process for thermally cracking petroleum hydrocarbons with the application of ultrasonic wave energy and also to an apparatus for conducting such a process.
  • the ultrasonic wave vibration used in accordance with this invention is within the range of 1-800 kHz. and its power in terms of energy (joule) transmitted per unit area (cm. )/unit time (see), i.e. watt/cm corresponds to 0.01-10.
  • energy joule
  • cm. unit area
  • watt/cm unit time
  • the advantageous eifect will be reduced and coke formed during the reaction will be accumulated on the wall of reaction chamber.
  • the ultrasonic wave generator which is used to transmit ultrasonic wave vibration to the thermal cracking apparatus may be an electrical or mechanical generator.
  • a ferrite vibrator or nickel vibrator is preferable from the viewpoint of its strength, heat stability and number of frequency.
  • a rotary siren is suitable as a mechanical ultrasonic wave generator but its use necessitates introduction of pressurized air into the reaction apparatus so that modification of the apparatus is required.
  • an apparatus which enables effective transmission of ultrasonic wave vibration to the wall of reactor without requiring any special modification of the reaction apparatus itself.
  • the apparatus used in this invention comprises a thermal cracking reactor and an ultrasonic wave generator disposed perpendicularly to the exterior wall of the reactor and having a diaphragm connected through a horn duct to the vibrator.
  • the ultrasonic wave generator is protected With a fluid maintained at a temperature lower than that of the high temperature heat medium used in thermal cracking. The ultrasonic wave vibration is transmitted through such fluid.
  • a thermal cracking apparatus using a rotary siren may also be utilizable for this invention.
  • a rotary siren is mounted on the top of the apparatus and a porous plate and an outlet provided at the upper part than the porous plate for introducing a pressurized fluid needed to drive the rotary siren are disposed between the rotary siren and an inlet for the high temperature heat medium to be introduced into the reaction chamber.
  • the pressurized fluid serves to protect the ultrasonic Wave generator from high temperature.
  • ultrasonic wave energy is applied at ordinary temperatures or relatively low temperatures. According to this invention, however, ultrasonic wave can be applied at the high temperatures maintained in the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons with the ultrasonic wave generator protected as described above.
  • a mixture of a hydrocarbon stock and a heat transfer medium is passed through a reactive chamber wherein the thermal cracking reaction is carried out in the reaction chamber 1.
  • the reaction chamber 1 is surrounded by refractory material 2.
  • Each ultrasonic wave generator comprises a diaphragm 4 mounted to the exterior peripheral side of an adiabetic material 3 present at the outer side of a refractory material 2, the diaphragm being connected through a horn 5 to a vibrator 6.
  • the diaphragm 4 is maintained at a high temperature by supplying steam heated at 800 C. from an inlet 8 in the outer cylindrical jacket 7 and discharging the steam from an outlet 9.
  • the thermal cracking reaction of crude oil with superheated steam was carried out using such 3 apparatus With the frequency and power of ultrasonic wave energy being varied. The results are shown in the table below. For comparison, the results obtained by performing the thermal cracking under the same conditions but without application of ultrasonic wave vibration are also shown in the table.
  • a rotary siren 14 made of a heatresisting material is mounted on the top of the reactor and a high temperature heat medium is introduced from an inlet 10 above the reaction chamber 18 into a large cavity 11 in the upper portion of the reaction chamber 18.
  • the high temperature heat medium is brought up to a steady flow rate in the large cavity and then mixed with oily hydrocarbons introduced from an inlet 12 fitted to an entrance of a lower constricted portion 13 of the reaction chamber 18. The mixture then flows to the lower constricted portion 13 of the reaction chamber 18 where thermal cracking of the hydrocarbons takes place.
  • vibration generated from a rotary siren 14 is transmitted to the wall of the reactor 18 and gaseous reaction mixture thereby effects homogeneous mixing action between the oily hydrocarbons and the high temperature heat medium and prevention of build-up of coke and carbon on the wall of reactor through vibration of the wall.
  • a pressurized fluid introduced from an inlet 15 of the rotary siren 14 is forced into the upper part of the reaction chamber 18 by the action of the rotary siren 14. Mixing of the pressurized fluid with the high temperature liquid must be avoided to prevent disturbance of the temperature distribution in the reaction chamber 18.
  • a porous plate 16 and an outlet 17 are disposed above the inlet 10 for the high temperature fluid to permit transmission of vibration energy to the heat transfer medium while preventing loss of vibration energy in as far as possible.
  • Gases heated as high as possible and capable of protecting the rotary siren from injury, such as steam, are suitable for use as the pressurized fluid in the rotary siren 14.
  • ultrasonic vibration serves to minimize remarkably the amount of carbon and coke formed on the wall of the reaction chamber and to increase Significantly the yield of olefins formed by the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons.
  • a process for thermally cracking hydrocarbons comprising mixing the hydrocarbons with a heat exchange medium at a temperature suflicient to crack the hydrocarbons, and subjecting the mixture to ultrasonic wave vibrations supplied at 0.01-10 watts/cm. and at a frequency of 1-800 kHz.
  • a process for thermally cracking hydrocarbons comprising: mixing the hydrocarbons with a heat exchange medium at a temperature sufficient to crack the hydrocarbons in a reaction chamber; and subjecting the mixture to ultrasonic wave vibration effective to prevent any build-up of carbon or coke on the walls of said reaction chamber.
  • a process for thermally cracking hydrocarbons comprising: mixing the hydrocarbons with a heat exchange medium at a temperature suflicient to crack the hydrocarbons in a reaction chamber; and subjecting the mixture to ultrasonic wave vibration effective to prevent any build-up of carbon or coke on the walls of said reaction chamber by means of an ultrasonic generator; cooling said generator by contacting 'said generator with a fluid maintained at a temperature lower than that of said heat exchange medium.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US00177384A 1970-09-03 1971-09-02 Process for thermally cracking hydrocarbons Expired - Lifetime US3819740A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7665470A JPS4734681B1 (cs) 1970-09-03 1970-09-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3819740A true US3819740A (en) 1974-06-25

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ID=13611378

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00177384A Expired - Lifetime US3819740A (en) 1970-09-03 1971-09-02 Process for thermally cracking hydrocarbons

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US3819740A (cs)
JP (1) JPS4734681B1 (cs)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994010261A1 (fr) * 1992-11-02 1994-05-11 Anatoly Fedorovich Kladov Procede de craquage de petrole brut et de produits de petrole et son dispositif de mise en ×uvre
US5547563A (en) * 1993-10-14 1996-08-20 Stowe; Lawrence R. Method of conversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks
US5763724A (en) * 1990-12-28 1998-06-09 Naphtachimie S.A. Method of manufacturing chemical products
EP0519050B1 (fr) * 1990-12-28 1998-07-15 Naphtachimie S.A. Procede et dispositif de fabrication de produits chimiques
US5796006A (en) * 1995-12-22 1998-08-18 Naphtachimie Method and apparatus for measuring vibrations
RU2124550C1 (ru) * 1998-05-19 1999-01-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "КЭТЭ" Способ переработки тяжелого углеводородного сырья и устройство для его осуществления
US20060116543A1 (en) * 1999-07-07 2006-06-01 Naphtachimie S.A. & Bp Chemicals Limited Method and apparatus for steam cracking hydrocarbons
US20060196808A1 (en) * 2005-03-02 2006-09-07 Phillips Glen E Acoustic agglomeration to reduce fouling in thermal conversion processes
WO2008002423A3 (en) * 2006-06-23 2008-03-06 Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co Reduction of fouling in heat exchangers
US20090090613A1 (en) * 2007-10-05 2009-04-09 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Crude oil pre-heat train with improved heat transfer and method of improving heat transfer
US9156688B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2015-10-13 Elwha Llc Systems and methods for producing hydrogen gas
US9434612B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2016-09-06 Elwha, Llc Systems and methods for producing hydrogen gas
CN106552564A (zh) * 2015-09-30 2017-04-05 中国石油化工股份有限公司 超声波管式热裂解系统及应用该系统的热裂解工艺
CN111073678B (zh) * 2018-10-22 2022-01-07 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种可在线除焦的超声波急冷装置及其应用

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5763724A (en) * 1990-12-28 1998-06-09 Naphtachimie S.A. Method of manufacturing chemical products
EP0519050B1 (fr) * 1990-12-28 1998-07-15 Naphtachimie S.A. Procede et dispositif de fabrication de produits chimiques
US5846496A (en) * 1990-12-28 1998-12-08 Naphtachimie S.A. Apparatus for manufacturing chemical products
WO1994010261A1 (fr) * 1992-11-02 1994-05-11 Anatoly Fedorovich Kladov Procede de craquage de petrole brut et de produits de petrole et son dispositif de mise en ×uvre
US5547563A (en) * 1993-10-14 1996-08-20 Stowe; Lawrence R. Method of conversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks
US5796006A (en) * 1995-12-22 1998-08-18 Naphtachimie Method and apparatus for measuring vibrations
RU2124550C1 (ru) * 1998-05-19 1999-01-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "КЭТЭ" Способ переработки тяжелого углеводородного сырья и устройство для его осуществления
US7288690B2 (en) 1999-07-07 2007-10-30 Bp Chemicals Limited Method and apparatus for steam cracking hydrocarbons
US20060116543A1 (en) * 1999-07-07 2006-06-01 Naphtachimie S.A. & Bp Chemicals Limited Method and apparatus for steam cracking hydrocarbons
US7686940B2 (en) * 2005-03-02 2010-03-30 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Acoustic agglomeration to reduce fouling in thermal conversion processes
WO2006093624A1 (en) * 2005-03-02 2006-09-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Acoustic agglomeration to reduce fouling in thermal conversion
US20060196808A1 (en) * 2005-03-02 2006-09-07 Phillips Glen E Acoustic agglomeration to reduce fouling in thermal conversion processes
AU2006219072B2 (en) * 2005-03-02 2010-10-07 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Acoustic agglomeration to reduce fouling in thermal conversion
CN101132846B (zh) * 2005-03-02 2010-09-22 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 减少热转化过程中的积垢的声学聚集
WO2008002423A3 (en) * 2006-06-23 2008-03-06 Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co Reduction of fouling in heat exchangers
US20080073063A1 (en) * 2006-06-23 2008-03-27 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Reduction of fouling in heat exchangers
US20090090613A1 (en) * 2007-10-05 2009-04-09 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Crude oil pre-heat train with improved heat transfer and method of improving heat transfer
US8349267B2 (en) 2007-10-05 2013-01-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Crude oil pre-heat train with improved heat transfer
US9156688B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2015-10-13 Elwha Llc Systems and methods for producing hydrogen gas
US9434612B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2016-09-06 Elwha, Llc Systems and methods for producing hydrogen gas
CN106552564A (zh) * 2015-09-30 2017-04-05 中国石油化工股份有限公司 超声波管式热裂解系统及应用该系统的热裂解工艺
CN111073678B (zh) * 2018-10-22 2022-01-07 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种可在线除焦的超声波急冷装置及其应用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2143746B2 (de) 1976-08-26
DE2143746A1 (de) 1972-03-16
JPS4734681B1 (cs) 1972-09-01

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