US3818707A - Method and apparatus for recovering the energy of expansion of wet dusty gases under pressure - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for recovering the energy of expansion of wet dusty gases under pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
US3818707A
US3818707A US00226847A US22684772A US3818707A US 3818707 A US3818707 A US 3818707A US 00226847 A US00226847 A US 00226847A US 22684772 A US22684772 A US 22684772A US 3818707 A US3818707 A US 3818707A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas
water
turbine
expansion
energy
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US00226847A
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English (en)
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J Boudard
L Marcellin
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Ets NEU Ste
AERODYNAMIQUE THERMODYNAMIQUE
SOC AERODYNAMIQUE THERMODYNAMIQUE FR
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Ets NEU Ste
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F01K21/04—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
    • F01K21/047—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas having at least one combustion gas turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT For recovering energy from a dust-laden wet gas under pressure such as blast-furnace gas, the degree of saturation of the gas is raised in a first stage by water evaporation, and in a second stage the gas is expanded through a turbine while its degree of saturation is at least equal to that obtained after the first stage.
  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for recovering part of the energy of a wet dusty gas under pressure by expanding this gas through a turbine, and more particularly to the recovery of the expansion energy of blast-furnace gas.
  • blast-fumace throat temperatures are found to be too low to make it possible to dispense with reheating the gas prior to expansion, for instance with blast-fumaces fed with medium-grade iron ore or blown with oxygen-enriched blast in conjunction with large an injection rate of fuel oil, in which the gas temperature on exit from the blast-fumace throat may be as low as C approximately.
  • the present invention provides for recovering the expansion energy of the blast furnace gas under optimum economic conditions, without heating the gas or lowering its calorific value.
  • the degree of saturation of the gas in the second stage can be higher than in the first stage due to a possible cooling of the gas between the two stages, but in no case lower as the gas is not reheated;
  • saturation of the gas during the first stage, prior to its expansion, and during the second stage its expansion in this saturated stage through a turbine to take maximum advantage of the relative heating of the gas, particularly in the case of a gas at relatively low temperature, and to ensure abundant condensation during the expansion and hence proper washing of the dust which deposits in the turbine;
  • a preferably centripetal expansion turbine coupled to means for using its mechanical energy
  • a closed heat-insulated water circuit including means for recovering, in the means for introducing water into the gas, the dust-laden non-evaporated excess water and, at the turbine exit end, the dust-laden condensation water, means for purifying said waters comprising one or more settling basins, means for the disposal of the recovered dust, means for recirculating said waters to the means for introducing water into the gas, and means for making up water losses;
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of apparatus for performing the method according to this invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the energy recovery principle according to the subject method of this invention, on the basis of graphs for wet blast-furnace gases.
  • Said method is applicable to any wet and dusty gas issuing from a reactor operating under pressure.
  • the subject method of this invention allows recovery, without preliminary heating, of part of the energy of the gas, to wit its expansion energy, without any danger of fouling the turbine with wet dust deposits or through icing of the water contained in the gas, and obtaining on exit from the turbine a gas which can be used immediately without any dedusting or cooling.
  • water is introduced into the gas, after the same leaves the reactor, to bring it to a state of near or even complete saturation with water vapour before it enters the turbine.
  • the gas is then channelled into an expansion turbine, and the ensuing expansion causes the gas temperature to drop and to thereby produce condensation of a large part of the water vapour contained in the gas.
  • This abundant water condensation entrains the residual dust in the gas and effectively cleanses the turbine and avoids any risk of fouling thereof.
  • the heat provided by this condensation avoids any danger of icing within the turbine or at the exit therefrom and reduces the temperature drop caused by the expansion.
  • This chart gives the temperature of a gas, assumed to be dry, subsequent to a monophase expansion assumed to be such as to preclude condensation of any water vapour it may contain.
  • the chart shows a set of isothermic solid-line curves each of which corresponds to a turbine intake temperature (T T T or T
  • the expansion ratio is 2.5, represented by the point A.
  • the end of monophase expansion would correspond to an exit temperature T represented by the point C, which temperature is as a rule below zero.
  • Chart 2 on the righthand side of FIG. 2 represents a set of blast-furnace gas saturation curves. Shown on this chart, which is juxtaposed to Chart 1, are the following:
  • the point D on Chart 2 corresponds to the temperature T, 60 C) and to a normal water content J 65 grams per cubic metre.
  • FI-l which is the distance of F from the horizontal passing through D, represents the quantity of water condensed during the expansion
  • FG the ordinate of F, the quantity of water remaining in the gas subsequent to expansion in the vapour state.
  • the gas leaving the turbine After its expansion the gas leaving the turbine is at a temperature and has a dust content which are both low enough to make it directly usable.
  • the expansion turbine is coupled to means for recovering the mechanical energy it furnishes.
  • the blower 11 supplies the blast requires by blastfurnace l, flow being adjusted by setting device 12.
  • the water is introduced into the gas after exit thereof from blast-furnace 1 and passage through the dust-catcher.
  • the water introduction process is so regulated that the gas is in a stage of near-saturation of saturation prior to entering the turbine, that is at a temperature of a little higher than or equal to the dew-point.
  • a fraction of the gas is expanded directly via the by-pass 15, controlled by the pressure regulator or septum valve 7 which, in the customary way, regulates the back-pressure at the throat of blastfurnace 1.
  • the bulk of the gas is supplied directly to expansion turbine 8 via a regulating valve 9.
  • the expansion turbine is coupled to means 20 for recovering the mechanical energy furnished by the expansion of the gas.
  • an atomizer could possibly be provided at the turbine intake as a safety measure in the event of said condensation not proving sufficient, for any reason whatsoever, to ensure efficient cleansing of the turbine.
  • This atomizer could be used to increase the amount of water used for such cleansing.
  • the heat released by the condensation of the water during expansion is transferred to the expanding gas which enables the drop of the gas temperature to be reduced and avoids any risk of icing in the turbine or upon exit therefrom.
  • the pneumatic energy of the water vapour contained in the gas is reduced during the condensation and is recovered together with the energy produced by the expansion of the gas.
  • the dust-laden condensation water collected in the turbine is dispatched via conduit to a settling basin 4. Deconcentration of the water is produced by a bleed 17 that discharges all the dust collected.
  • the water is drawn off from basin 4 by a pump 3 and is used to feed the wet scrubber 2 through conduits 5, 6.
  • the turbine is associated to a prior water-atomizer, the latter is fed by the same pump 3 (via 18).
  • the cleaning-water system therefore operates virtually in a closed circuit. Make-up water is supplied at 14 to compensate for water lost with the wet dust eliminated through bleed l7 and with the saturated gas leaving the installation.
  • the passages of the gas through wet scrubber 2 produces a drop in temperature due to the evaporation of the water added to saturate the gas. This does not result in a loss of heat but merely in a heat transfer process between the gas and the water evaporated in this way.
  • This temperature drop must be as small aspossible so that the amount of water vapour contained in the gas is sufficient for condensation to occur when the expansion takes place but not so large as to produce temperature low enough to cause an icing hazard. For this reason the heat losses of the overall scrubbingwater circuit must be reduced.
  • the first stage referred to precedingly associates the saturation of the gas with its wet-scrubbing.
  • Dedusting by the wet process permits finer scrubbing than dedusting by the dry process and substantially lowers the temperature of the gas while increasing its relative humidity, which made it difficult to apply in the prior art methods.
  • the second stage of the process namely the expansion of a wet gas at relatively low temperature, exerts a dedusting action without involving additional means.
  • the condensation which occurs during the expansion assists efficient operation of the turbine and hence the energy recovery process.
  • the secondary scrubbing which takes place at the same time as the energy recovery process can therefore be considered inexpensive, and the exiting gas is directly usable without having to be scrubbedanew.
  • a wet scrubbing process designed to increase therelative humidity of the gas, if associated to a turbine designed to recover the expansion energy, will therefore suffice for scrubbing the gas in satisfactory fashion.
  • the method according to this invention applies in particular to a gas whose temperature already relatively low on exit from the blast-furnace throat is further lowered prior to entry into the turbine because of the gas having been scrubbed by the wet process. It is unnecessary to heat the gas either by internal combustion or by passing it through a heat exchanger. Hence there is neither a reduction in the calorific value of the gas nor any external energy input.
  • the optimum gas temperature prior to entry into the turbine is approximately 60 C.
  • the energy recovered during the expansion of this gas is approximately 66 kj per kilogram of gas, or approximately 8370 kW for a flow rate of 350,000 Nm /hr.
  • the subject method of this invention requires no external energy input and does not diminish the internal calorific value of the gas.
  • furnace gas in a first stage said furnace gas is subjected to wetscrubbing and in the course thereof the water content of the gas is increased through evaporation of such water;
  • the wet-scrubbed gas is introduced into said turbine with the water content thereof maintained at at least the increased level obtained in said first stage.
  • An apparatus for treating pressurized dust-laden blast furnace gas normally having a water content below the saturation point to recover expansion energy in a turbine coupled to means for using the energy thus 8 evaporated dust-laden condensation water, means for purifying said water and for eliminating the recovered dust, means for recirculating purified water from said purifying means, and means for adding fresh water to compensate for water losses; and means for discharging said expanded gas from said turbine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
US00226847A 1971-02-17 1972-02-16 Method and apparatus for recovering the energy of expansion of wet dusty gases under pressure Expired - Lifetime US3818707A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7105402A FR2125183B1 (de) 1971-02-17 1971-02-17

Publications (1)

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US3818707A true US3818707A (en) 1974-06-25

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US00226847A Expired - Lifetime US3818707A (en) 1971-02-17 1972-02-16 Method and apparatus for recovering the energy of expansion of wet dusty gases under pressure

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3818707A (de)
JP (1) JPS506604B1 (de)
BE (1) BE779140A (de)
DE (1) DE2207035C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2125183B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1360549A (de)
IT (1) IT948593B (de)
LU (1) LU64734A1 (de)
NL (1) NL171737C (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5175842A (ja) * 1974-12-26 1976-06-30 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Korohaigasuomochiitabochotaabinno jinaishorihoho
US4270343A (en) * 1977-12-05 1981-06-02 Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for recovery of energy from blast furnace exhaust gas
ES2068779A2 (es) * 1993-01-25 1995-04-16 Mannesmann Ag Procedimiento para el aprovechamiento de la energia contenida en el gas de tragante de un horno de cuba.

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2513360C3 (de) * 1975-03-26 1985-06-20 Gottfried Bischoff Bau kompl. Gasreinigungs- und Wasserrückkühlanlagen GmbH & Co KG, 4300 Essen Gichtgasreinigungsanlage
DE2523082B2 (de) * 1975-05-24 1977-09-01 Gottfried Bischoff Bau kompl. Gasreinigungs- und Wasserrückkühlanlagen KG, 4300 Essen Gichtgasreinigungsanlage fuer druckhochoefen
JPS526854A (en) * 1975-07-07 1977-01-19 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Multi-stage exhaust gas energy recovering turbine plant with an exhaus t gas switching valve in the middle of stage
DE2820728B2 (de) * 1978-05-12 1981-03-12 Gottfried Bischoff Bau kompl. Gasreinigungs- und Wasserrückkühlanlagen GmbH & Co KG, 4300 Essen Gichtgasreinigungsanlage
JPS57171031A (en) * 1981-04-15 1982-10-21 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd System for retrieving energy of blast furnace excess gas

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191402511A (en) * 1914-01-30 1914-11-05 Henry Norman Davey Gas Turbines.
US1197456A (en) * 1914-11-05 1916-09-05 Dinsmore Power Process Company Process of producing power from peat or other carbonaceous matter.
US2660521A (en) * 1950-05-18 1953-11-24 Texaco Development Corp Process for the generation of carbon monoxide and hydrogen
US2667235A (en) * 1947-04-29 1954-01-26 Tecalemit Ltd Liquid or lubricant distribution system
GB877046A (en) * 1959-04-21 1961-09-13 Loire Atel Forges Oxygen-blast converters
US3428117A (en) * 1965-12-22 1969-02-18 Carves Simon Ltd Apparatus for cooling hot waste gases
US3613333A (en) * 1969-07-17 1971-10-19 Hugh E Gardenier Process and apparatus for cleaning and pumping contaminated industrial gases
US3683626A (en) * 1970-12-14 1972-08-15 Estin Hans H Exhaust purification

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191402511A (en) * 1914-01-30 1914-11-05 Henry Norman Davey Gas Turbines.
US1197456A (en) * 1914-11-05 1916-09-05 Dinsmore Power Process Company Process of producing power from peat or other carbonaceous matter.
US2667235A (en) * 1947-04-29 1954-01-26 Tecalemit Ltd Liquid or lubricant distribution system
US2660521A (en) * 1950-05-18 1953-11-24 Texaco Development Corp Process for the generation of carbon monoxide and hydrogen
GB877046A (en) * 1959-04-21 1961-09-13 Loire Atel Forges Oxygen-blast converters
US3428117A (en) * 1965-12-22 1969-02-18 Carves Simon Ltd Apparatus for cooling hot waste gases
US3613333A (en) * 1969-07-17 1971-10-19 Hugh E Gardenier Process and apparatus for cleaning and pumping contaminated industrial gases
US3683626A (en) * 1970-12-14 1972-08-15 Estin Hans H Exhaust purification

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5175842A (ja) * 1974-12-26 1976-06-30 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Korohaigasuomochiitabochotaabinno jinaishorihoho
JPS5654451B2 (de) * 1974-12-26 1981-12-25
US4270343A (en) * 1977-12-05 1981-06-02 Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for recovery of energy from blast furnace exhaust gas
ES2068779A2 (es) * 1993-01-25 1995-04-16 Mannesmann Ag Procedimiento para el aprovechamiento de la energia contenida en el gas de tragante de un horno de cuba.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2207035A1 (de) 1972-08-24
FR2125183A1 (de) 1972-09-29
FR2125183B1 (de) 1974-10-11
IT948593B (it) 1973-06-11
LU64734A1 (de) 1972-07-04
NL171737B (nl) 1982-12-01
BE779140A (fr) 1972-08-09
DE2207035C3 (de) 1979-03-15
NL7201881A (de) 1972-08-21
DE2207035B2 (de) 1976-01-22
GB1360549A (en) 1974-07-17
JPS506604B1 (de) 1975-03-15
NL171737C (nl) 1983-05-02

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