US3814705A - Low-foaming detergent compositions - Google Patents

Low-foaming detergent compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US3814705A
US3814705A US00260320A US26032072A US3814705A US 3814705 A US3814705 A US 3814705A US 00260320 A US00260320 A US 00260320A US 26032072 A US26032072 A US 26032072A US 3814705 A US3814705 A US 3814705A
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United States
Prior art keywords
detergent
urea
foam
detergent composition
compositions
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00260320A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Inamorato
R Hunter
R Dickson
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Colgate Palmolive Co
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Colgate Palmolive Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Colgate Palmolive Co filed Critical Colgate Palmolive Co
Priority to US00260320A priority Critical patent/US3814705A/en
Priority to AU55034/73A priority patent/AU5503473A/en
Priority to DE2323246A priority patent/DE2323246A1/de
Priority to CA172,850A priority patent/CA991943A/en
Priority to IT50428/73A priority patent/IT985299B/it
Priority to FR7320300A priority patent/FR2187899B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3814705A publication Critical patent/US3814705A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0026—Low foaming or foam regulating compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C11D3/32—Amides; Substituted amides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to new synthetic detergent compositions and more particularly to compositions based on anoinic detergents, nonionic detergents, and mixtures thereof having improved properties.
  • Aqueous solutions of these detergent compositions are characterized by a very low degree of foam formation under conditions of vigorous and continuous agitation.
  • compositions of the present invention not only do not foam excessively, but they also have superior detersive properties.
  • Urea and certain lower alkyl derivatives thereof have heretofore been used with certain surface-active agents chiefly in large proportions as cheap and innocuous fillers and as solubilizing agents. It has now been discovered that the presence of a 1,1 dialkyl urea in detergent compositions consisting essentially of anionic sulfated and sulfonated and nonionic surfactants is effective to achieve a significant enhancement in surface-active properties and a reduction in foaming. More particularly, the improved detergent compositions consist essentially of watersoluble anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, alkaline builder salts, and a minor proportion of a 1,1 dialkyl urea effective to suppress the formation of foam in the detergent compositions.
  • the new detergent compositions generate less foam than current available products, and prevent over-foaming in soft water areas.
  • the new detergent compositions permit the consumer to use higher levels of detergent before over-foaming occurs.
  • Illustrative of the foam suppressing additives of the present invention are the higher dialkyl substituted urea compounds wherein the alkyl substituents have 8 to 18 carbon atoms. Suitable examples of such compounds are 1,1 di (2 ethyl hexyl) urea; 1,1 dihydrogenated tallow urea; and 1,1 dicoco urea.
  • 1,1 dialkyl ureas may be prepared by reacting secondary amines with urea. They are represented by the formula wherein R is an alkyl group of between 8 and 18 carbon atoms.
  • compositions of the present invention contain as the active ingredient the anionic sulfated and sulfonated detergents, and nonionic detergents including suitable mixtures thereof.
  • the anionic sulfated and sulfonated detergents include suitable mixtures thereof.
  • the aliphatic sulfated or sulfonated compounds include the aliphatic acyl-containing compounds wherein the acyl radical has between 8 and 22 carbon atoms, and, more particularly, the aliphatic carboxylic ester type, containing at least about 10 and preferably between 12 and 26 carbon atoms .to the molecule.
  • the aliphatic detersive compounds it is preferred to use the sulfated aliphatic compounds having between 12 and 22 carbon atoms.
  • aliphatic detergents there may be mentioned the sulfuric acid esters of polyhydric alcohols incompletely esterified with higher fatty acids, e.g., coconut oil monoglyceride monosulfate, tallow-di-glyceride monosulfate; the long chain pure or mixed higher alkylsulfates, e.g., lauryl sulfate, cetyl sulfate, higher fatty alcohol sulfates derived from coconut oil; the hydroxy sulfonated higher fatty acid esters, e.g., higher fatty acid esters of 2,3 dihydroxy propane sulfonic acid; the higher fatty acid esters of low molecular weight alkylol sulfonic acids, e.g., oleic ester of isethionic acid; the higher fatty acid ethanolamide sulfates; the higher fatty acid amides of amino alkyl sulfonic acids, e.g., lauri
  • alkyl aryl sulfonate deter gents are also known in the art. They may be mononuclear or polynuclear in structure. More particularly, the aromatic nucleus may be derived from benzene, toluene, xylene, phenol, cresols, naphthalene, etc.
  • the alkyl substituent on the aromatic nucleus may vary widely, as long as the desired detergent power of the active ingredient is preserved.
  • alkyl aromatic sulfonate detergents are the higher alkyl aromatic sulfonates.
  • the higher alkyl substituent may be branched or straightchain in structure; it comprises such groups as octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, keryl, pentadecyl, and hexadecyl, mixed long-chain alkyls derived from long-chain fatty materials, cracked paraffin wax olefins, polymers of mono olefins, etc.
  • Preferred examples of this class are the higher alkyl mononuclear aryl sulfonates wherein the alkyl group has about 8 to about 22, and preferably between 12 and 18 carbon atoms. More particularly, it is preferred to use the higher alkyl benzene sulfonates wherein the higher alkyl group averages between 12 and 16 carbon atoms.
  • propylene may be polymerized to the tetramer and condensed with benzene in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst to yield essentially the dodecyl benzene derivative which is suitable for sulfonation to the desired sulfonate compounds.
  • anionic detergents are generally used in the form of their water-soluble salts, such as the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, amine, and alkylolamine salts. While the sodium, potassium, ammonium, and alkylolarnine (e.g., mono-, di-, and tri-ethanolamine) salts are preferred ordinarily, other salts such as the lithium, calcium, and magnesium salts may be used if desired. For general use, it is ordinarily preferred to use the sodium and potassium salts. For certain specialized uses, it may be preferred to select the ammonium and alkylolamine salts in view of their generally greater solubility in aqueous solution.
  • the sodium, potassium, ammonium, and alkylolarnine (e.g., mono-, di-, and tri-ethanolamine) salts are preferred ordinarily, other salts such as the lithium, calcium, and magnesium salts may be used if desired.
  • the concentration of these water-soluble salts (including suitable mixtures thereof) in the detergent compositions of the present invention is generally at least 5% by weight of total solids, and preferably from about 5-50%. With built compositions, particularly in particulate form, an active ingredient content of 550%, and. preferably about 10-40%, yields highly satisfactory results. Compositions with very high concentrations of these active ingredients are prepared for specialized use generally. Thus in liquid detergent compositions, any suitable concentrations may be employed, e.g., from about 5 to about 50% of the weight of the total liquid detergent composition.
  • Nonionic surfactants are also suitable in the practice of the present invention.
  • One class of compounds comprises surfactants having alkylene oxide groups which are hydrophilic in nature combined with an organic hydrophobic group.
  • the preferred class includes the ethyxolation products of hydrophobic hydroxyl compounds such as long chain aliphatic compounds and alkylaromatic compounds.
  • hydrophobic hydroxyl compounds such as long chain aliphatic compounds and alkylaromatic compounds.
  • the corresponding alkyl mercaptans when condensed with ethylene oxide, are also admirably suitable in the compositions of the present invention.
  • non-ionic detergents are the polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, having, for example, an
  • alkyl group of about 6 to 12 carbon atoms e.g., nonyl phenol
  • ethylene oxide units e.g., up to 30
  • Another class of non-ionic detergents includes the polyethylene oxide condensates of higher glycols, which may be made, for example, by condensing ethylene oxide with a polypropylene glycol made by reacting propylene oxide and propylene glycol, said polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1500-1800.
  • the non-ionic detergent may be made by condensing ethylene oxide with a water-insoluble reaction product (e.g., of molecular weight about 3000) of a diamine (e.g., ethylene diamine) and excess propylene oxide, to incorporate about 40-80% of ethylene oxide in the final condensation product.
  • a water-insoluble reaction product e.g., of molecular weight about 3000
  • a diamine e.g., ethylene diamine
  • propylene oxide e.g., propylene oxide
  • Ethoxylation products of compounds containing mercapto, rather than hydroxyl, groups may also be used.
  • nonionic compounds are the polyoxyalkylene esters of the organic acids such as the higher fatty acids, the rosin acids, tall oil acids, acids from petroleum oxidation products, etc. These esters will usually contain from about 10 to 22 carbon atoms in the acid moiety and from about 12 to about 30 moles of ethylene oxide or its equivalent.
  • nonionic surfactants are the alkylene oxide condensates with higher fatty acid amides.
  • the fatty acid group will generally contain from about 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and this will be condensed with about 10 to about 50 moles of ethylene oxide as the preferred illustration.
  • the corresponding carboxamides and sulfonamides may also be used as substantial equivalents.
  • the active ingredient should preferably be in the form of a highly water soluble salt, e.g., ammonium, mono-, di-, and triethanol amine salts.
  • the liquid detergent composition may be prepared in dilute or concentrated aqueous solution with or without the presence of a lower molecular weight aliphatic alcohol such as ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol, etc.
  • the amount of nonionic surfactant that can be present in compositions of the present invention ranges from about 2% to 40%, preferably from about 5% to about 15%, by weight, based on the -final composition.
  • inorganic salt detergent builders such as various water-soluble inorganic polyphosphates, sulfates, silicates, borates, and carbonates, does not adversely affect the foaming and detergent properties of the present composition.
  • These builders the total amount of which may range by weight based on finished composition, from about 40% to about 90%, but more usually between 45% to about 85%, contribute their different specific effect toward a more satisfactory washing treatment of soiled clothing, dishes, etc.
  • the most common alkaline builder salts are the phosphates, which inhibit the precipitation of alkaline earth materials, such as calcium and magnesium compounds, in aqueous media.
  • alkali metal salts, and, most particularly, the potassium salts, of the chain polyphosphates are usually employed. Examples of such compounds include: potassium tripolyphosphate, potassium acid tripolyphosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, potassium hexametaphosphate, potassium tetraphosphate, and the like.
  • the phosphates are either crystalline substances or glassy, amorphous products.
  • These phosphates may be the sole builder salts or may be used in combination with any of the aforementioned builder salts.
  • the principal builder salts used are the soluble alkali-metal silicates.
  • Suitable silicates are those having an alkali oxide to silica ratio within a range of about 1:1 to about 1:4, and preferably from about 1:2 to about 1:3.
  • Other builder salts which may be combined with the silicates in phosphate-free compositions include watersoluble alkali metal salts of borates, carbonates, and sulfates.
  • compositions of the present invention include soil suspending agents, brighteners, thickening agents, coloring materials, and perfumes. These additives are generally present in amounts of less than 5% of the total detergent composition.
  • the soil suspending agents are generally water-soluble or hydrophilic polymeric substances such as the lower alkyl cellulose esters, e.g., methyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose; hydroxyalkyl cellulose esters, e.g., hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose ethane sulfonic acid, cellulose glycolic acid; carboxy lower alkyl cellulose compounds, e.g., sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, potassium carboxy methyl cellulose, sodium carboxy propyl cellulose, and the like; Water-soluble or dispersible synthetic polymeric materials which may be homopolymers, copolymers, graft copolymers, terpolymers, interpolymers, and the like and are illustrated by polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide; maleic anhydride copolymers with alkyl vinyl esters, e.g., methyl vinyl ester;
  • the brighteners that can be used include various well known types of the more commonly used products. Such types, which are by no means limiting, include the coumarin types, the triazolyl stilbene types, the stilbene cyanuric types, the acylamino stilbene types, and the like.
  • the amount of the substituted urea foam suppressing additives is generally minor in proportion to the total detergent composition. Particularly effective results have been achieved wherein the 1,1 dialkyl urea is present in amounts between /2% and 15% of the total detergent composition, although it is preferred generally to use from about 1% to about 5% additive.
  • the optimum amount of additive and its ratio to the active ingredients will vary according to the specific materials, the contemplated field of application, and manner of use.
  • the additives may be incorporated with the active ingredient at any point during the manufacturing process at which subsequent operations will not adversely modify the properties of the detergent compositions.
  • a variety of procedures which have proved to be convenient, economical, and productive of best results are: the additives may be added to a hot aqueous slurry of about 40-50% solids concentration comprising the active ingredient with vigorous stirring to form a smooth, uniform, and homogeneous paste; the additives may be dissolved in a suitable solvent and added to the slurry of the active ingredient; a mixture or emulsion of the additives in water with a minor proportion of the active ingredient may be incorporated into the slurry; or the additives may be incorporated in the detergent composition by a post treatment of spray-dried detergent particles, etc.
  • compositions may be prepared in the form of solutions, pastes, or as dry or partially hydrated solid products, preferably in a finely divided condition. It is preferred to prepare the products in particulate form. Accordingly, the slurry of the detergent composition may be subjected to any suitable drying operations and converted to particle form. The mixture may thus be subjected to conventional spray-drying, roll-drying, or drumdrying operations utilizing temperatures above about 212 F. to obtain homogeneous detersive particles.
  • detergent compositions A, B, and C were prepared by mixing the synthetic control detergent and a 1,1 dialkyl urea in the specified amounts.
  • foam heights were measured under simulated household-use conditions in a tumbler-type washing machine test.
  • the washing machine test was conducted in the following manner:
  • A is 1,1 di (2 ethyl hexyl) urea
  • B is 1,1 dicoco urea
  • C is 1,1 dihydrogenated tallow urea TABLE I.-FOAM SUPPRESSANT EFFECTS OF ANTONIO- DIALKYL UREA SYSTEMS Time Control 1% A 1% B 1% o a 2 1 A: 36 1 2% 1 M a if i TABLE II.FOAM SUPPRESSANT EFFECTS OF NONIONIC- DIALKYL UREA SYSTEMS Control assesses:
  • the anionic detergent control composition of Table I consists of the following:
  • AC14-C1 linear primary alcohol with 11 ethoxy groups, made by Shell Chemical Co.
  • the nonionic detergent control composition of Table II consists of the following:
  • Example I A detergent composition is prepared by forming about a 60% solids slurry containing on a solids basis about 10% sodium tridecyl'benzene sulfonate, about 4% Neodol 4511, about 45% sodium tripolyphosphate, about 1% 1,1 di (2 ethyl hexyl) urea, about 7.5% sodium silicate, 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and about 32% sodium sulfate.
  • This slurry is agitated at about in a conventional soap crutcher to form a homogeneous mixture.
  • the slurry is submitted to spray drying with heated air at a temperature of about 350 F. with a resultant mois ture loss of about 40%.
  • the resulting composition is recovered in the form of beads, and possesses a high degree of detersive properties and a low degree of foaming properties in both hard and soft water.
  • Example II Using the procedure of Example I, an improved .phosphate free detergent composition is prepared from the following components:
  • Example III An improved liquid detergent composition is prepared from the following components:
  • the improved detergent formulations of this invention are suitable for use in dilute aqueous solutions in a variety of washing appliances, such as rotary drum or tumblertypes washers, top-loading agitator washers, bottle washers, etc. When so employed, little or no foam is formed, with no adverse effect on the detergency characteristics, in operating at temperatures from about 65 to 140 F., as commonly used in washing practice.
  • This suppression of suds in accordance with the invention permits employing a larger concentration of the active detergent in the preparation of washing solutions, as compared with the concentrations heretofore considered permissible maxima for tumbler-washer operations. Furthermore, the tendency to froth upon rinsing is substantially obviated.
  • the low foaming detergent formulations of the present invention can be used in tumbler-type washers, as well as in any other washing equipment which utilizes conventional high foaming organic detergent materials.
  • these formulations can be used to reduce foaming in a number of solutions and emulsions which, upon agitation, produce unduly high suds levels; causing spillage and pumping difiiculties, and interfering with a satisfactory filling of containers.
  • a low-foaming detergent composition consisting essentially of:
  • R is an alkyl group of between 8 and 18 carbon atoms.
  • a low-foaming detergent composition consisting essentially of:
  • A a synthetic organic detergent selected from the group consisting of anionic and nonionic detergents and mixtures thereof;
  • inorganic water-soluble alkaline builder salt selected from the group consisting of water-soluble alkali metal borates, carbonates, silicates, sulfates, and mixtures thereof;
  • R is an alkyl group of between 8 and 18 carbon atoms.
  • a low-foaming deteregnt composition consisting essentially of:
  • R is an alkyl group of between 8 and 18 carbon atoms.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US00260320A 1972-06-06 1972-06-06 Low-foaming detergent compositions Expired - Lifetime US3814705A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00260320A US3814705A (en) 1972-06-06 1972-06-06 Low-foaming detergent compositions
AU55034/73A AU5503473A (en) 1972-06-06 1973-05-01 Low-foaming detergent composition
DE2323246A DE2323246A1 (de) 1972-06-06 1973-05-09 Schwachschaeumende wasch- und reinigungsmittel
CA172,850A CA991943A (en) 1972-06-06 1973-05-31 Low-foaming detergent composition
IT50428/73A IT985299B (it) 1972-06-06 1973-06-04 Perfezionamento nelle composi zioni detergenti a bassa forma zione di schiuma
FR7320300A FR2187899B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-06-06 1973-06-05

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US00260320A US3814705A (en) 1972-06-06 1972-06-06 Low-foaming detergent compositions

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US (1) US3814705A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU5503473A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA991943A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2323246A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2187899B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT985299B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4272413A (en) * 1979-11-26 1981-06-09 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dialkylurea textile softening and antistatic agents
US5985968A (en) * 1997-11-17 1999-11-16 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Surface tension reduction with N,N-dialkyl ureas
EP1094095A1 (en) * 1999-10-18 2001-04-25 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Surface tension reduction with n,n,n'-trialkyl ureas

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IN165978B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1985-08-20 1990-02-17 Colgate Palmolive Co

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4272413A (en) * 1979-11-26 1981-06-09 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dialkylurea textile softening and antistatic agents
US5985968A (en) * 1997-11-17 1999-11-16 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Surface tension reduction with N,N-dialkyl ureas
EP1094095A1 (en) * 1999-10-18 2001-04-25 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Surface tension reduction with n,n,n'-trialkyl ureas
US6281170B1 (en) 1999-10-18 2001-08-28 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Surface tension reduction with N,N,N'-trialkkyl ureas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT985299B (it) 1974-11-30
DE2323246A1 (de) 1974-01-03
FR2187899A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-01-18
AU5503473A (en) 1974-11-07
CA991943A (en) 1976-06-29
FR2187899B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-05-06

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