US3813674A - Cavity backed dipole-slot antenna for circular polarization - Google Patents
Cavity backed dipole-slot antenna for circular polarization Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3813674A US3813674A US00321083A US32108373A US3813674A US 3813674 A US3813674 A US 3813674A US 00321083 A US00321083 A US 00321083A US 32108373 A US32108373 A US 32108373A US 3813674 A US3813674 A US 3813674A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- dipole
- slot
- aerial
- conductor
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/06—Details
- H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
Definitions
- ABSTRACT Aerial for receiving or transmitting circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation includes a dipole mounted substantially within the aperture of a slot and means for coupling the slot to the dipole asymmetrically. It may also include an electromagnetic cavity adjacent the coupled dipole and slot.
- the dipole is formed on one side of an insulating substrate and a narrow conductor is formed on the other side substantially oppositethe dipole, with part of the dipole, the substrate, and the conductor together forming a stripline feed which may have a matching network formed by a further part of the di pole, the substrate, and the conductor.
- Known satellite communication systems have comprised low-powered transmitters sited in a satellite cooperating with large mechanically steerable highly directive aerials at an earth transmitter receiver station. Recent developments of higher-power transmitters for satellites have led to the possibility of employing smaller aerials or aerial arrays at the receiver.
- a desirable satellite communication system employs a trans mitter/receiver in, and a suitable aerial mounted on, an aircraft. It has been suggested that the use of circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation to convey the information in such communication systems is advantageous since the Faraday rotation of such radiation in its passage between transmitter and receiver does not affect the response of a suitable receiving aerial to it. F urthermore. such a receiving aerial, being responsive only to a particular hand of circularly polarized radiation, can inherently distinguish between that radiation received directly from a transmitter and the same radiation received after reflection from the sea, because in the latter case the hand of the polarization is reversed.
- an aerial suitable for mounting, preferably flush-mounting, in an aircraft; which has a capability of transmitting or receiving circularly polarized signals in conjunction with suitable transmitters or receivers; which is effective over as wide a range of directions as possible; and, which is convenient and comparatively simple for use in arrays.
- an aerial for receiving or transmitting circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation includes a dipole mounted substantially within the aperture of a slot and means for coupling the slot to the dipole asymmetrically.
- the aerial may also include an electromagnetic cavity adjacent the coupled dipole and slot.
- the dipole may be folded and a consequently comparatively shallow electromagnetic cavity BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of an L-Band or UHF aerial
- FIG. 2 is a section through the aerial of FIG. 1 along the line Il-II in the direction indicated by the arrows,
- FIG. 3 is a view of the underside of part of the aerial of FIG. 1, and,
- FIG. 4 is a diagram of a modification of the aerial of FIGS. 1 to 3 with a switching circuit appendant thereto.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 inclusive are scale drawings all drawn to the same scale.
- the scale shown beneath FIGS. 11 and 2 which equals M2 where A is the wavelength of the signal to be transmitted or received, indicates the relative size of the aerial.
- the aerial is capable of operating at L-Band (of the order of 1,600 MHz) or Ultra High Frequency (UHF) frequencies.
- a rectangular insulating low loss substrate I for example of glass-fibre, has a conductor 2, having a rectangular slot defined by an edge 3 of the conductor 2 cut centrally therein, printed on one side of the substrate 1.
- Printed on the same side of the substrate 1 centrally within and insulatedly separated from the conductor 2 is a folded dipole formed of a conductor 4 defined by an edge 5 of the conductor 4.
- the dipole occupies a rectangular area, the longer and shorter sides of which are parallel to the longer and shorter sides of the slot respectively.
- the shorter sides of the dipole will be referred to hereinafter as the ends 21 of the dipole.
- the conductor 4 is symmetrical about a line of symmetry 7 parallel to and equispaced from the ends 21.
- the parts of the dipole on either side of the gap 6 are narrower than the rest of the dipole.
- On the reverse side of the substrate 1 is printed a rectangular conductor 8 and a narrow strip of conductor 9.
- One end of the narrow strip 9 overlays the gap 6 in the dipole and is electrically connected to the dipole adjacent the gap 6, by a lead 10 passing through the substrate 1.
- the remainder of the strip 9 overlays and follows the shape of a little more than half of the complete conductor 4 forming the dipole.
- the strip 9, the substrate 1 and the conductor 4 form a stripline feed whose end remote from the gap 6 of the dipole terminates in a matching network.
- the matching network comprises a series arm 11 and a parallel arm 12.
- the series arm 11 is formed of a branch of the conductor 9 part of which is parallel to the conductor 9 and projects over the line of symmetry 7.
- the parallel arm 12 is formed of a collinear extension of the conductor 9.
- the conductor 8 is a capacitive coupling strip for coupling the slot and the dipole. It is positioned with its shorter edge parallel to the conductor 9 adjacent the matching network and overlaying the edge 3. Its center is at A, a little more than half the length of its shorter side from the line of symmetry 7.
- a co-axial signal cable from a transmitter and/or receiver (not shown), having an outer conductor and an inner conductor to insulatedly separated therefrom, passes through a hole provided in the closed end of the conductor 13 to a point adjacent the series arm ill of the matching network.
- the outer conductor 15 is electrically connected to the conductor 113 and to the middle of the wider arm of the dipole as indicated at 117.
- the inner conductor 16 passes insulatedly through the folded arm of the dipole and the substrate I and is electrically connected to the end of the series arm ill of the matching network.
- the aerial of FIGS. 5 to 3 is mounted in an aircraft (not shown) with that surface of the substrate 1, having the conductors 8 and printed thereon, flush with and insulated from an outer surface of the aircraft at a suitable point for example on the rear fuselage.
- the aerial is orientated so that the dipole is in the vertical plane when the aircraft is in normal cruising flight.
- the conductor 2 and the cavity box are electrically bonded to the aircraft outer skin.
- an L- Band or UHF signal as appropriate is applied via the co-axial signal cable to the stripline feed which matches the signal source to the dipole.
- the dipole is excited and transmits linearly polarized radiation.
- the dipole is also capacitively coupled via the conductor 8 to the slot which also transmits linearly polarized radiation.
- the dimensions of the dipole and the slot and the conductor 8 and their relative positions are such that the radiations from the slot and the dipole are polarized in orthogonal planes and in phase quadrature.
- the resultant radiation is nominally circularly polarized with a given hand and is propagated with an acceptable ellipticityratio and relative radiated power over a wide range of angles. The actual range of angles will depend on the site chosen for mounting the aerial.
- Circularly polarized radiation at L-Band or UHF frequency as appropriate incident on the surface of the aerial can be considered as comprising a combination of two waves in quadrature with each other, linearly polarized in two orthogonal planes.
- the slot responds to one of these waves and the dipole responds to the other; if the coupling strip 8 is suitably proportioned and positioned, these responses will combine to form a resultant signal on the cable 115 with a comparatively high sensitivity to circularly polarized waves having a given hand of circular polarization over a wide range of angles and outside this range it still has useful sensitivity to circularly polarized incident radiation.
- the dipole was not coupled to the slot by means of the coupling strip 8
- a signal applied to the dipole would tend to induce equal in phase currents parallel to the longer edges of the slots.
- Such balanced currents would not provide any useful net effect.
- the conductor 8 is therefore positioned to one side of the line of symmetry 7 to introduce a small capacitance between one edge of the slot and one arm of the dipole. This causes the currents induced parallel to the longer edges of the slot in the conductor 2 to be unbalanced. ln-phase currents will therefore flow around the two ends of the slot causing it to radiate or respond to radiation with a polarization in a plane orthogonal to and, in the case shown, in phase quadrature with that of the dipole.
- the slot is most sensitive to radiation polarized in a plane parallel to the shorter sides of the slot, referred to hereinafter as horizontally polarized radiation, while the dipole is most sensitive to radiation polarized in a plane parallel to the longer sides of the slot, referred to hereinafter as vertically polarized radiation. If the conductor 8 is positioned with its center at the points C or D shown in FIG. 1, that is near the ends 21 of the dipole, the radiation or response of the slot is dominant and the aerial radiates mostly or responds best to horizontally polarized radiation.
- the coupling is suitably reduced by reducing the dimensions of the conductor 8 positioned at C or D then the response of the slot is reduced and eventually the aerial radiates equally or responds equally well to horizontally polarized radiation and to vertically polarized radiation.
- the phase difference between the horizontally polarized radiation and the vertically polarized radiation is then either 0 or and the resultant radiation transmitted most efficiently, or best responded to, by the aerial is linearly polarized in a plane normal to the surface of the aerial and inclined at 45 to the longer edges of the slot.
- the latter feature can be utilised in an aerial in which for example it isdesired to transmit or receive circularly polarized radiation of right hand (say) and in another state to transmitor receive circularly polarized radiation of left hand.
- This technique can be used to communicate with satellites equipped with aerials of either hand by means of a single aerial.
- This form of aerial is shown schematically in FIG. 4.
- the dimensions and assembly of the various components of the aerial are identical with those of the aerial described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, except that two coupling conductors 8 and 8 are printed on to the substrate 11.
- the conductor 8 is positioned with its center at A (FIG. 21) and the conductor 8' is positioned with its center at B (FIG. 11).
- Each of the conductors 8 and 8' has the same overall dimensions as the conductor 8 of FIG. 1 but each is divided into two conductive areas insulatedly separated from each other. The two parts of each of the conductors 8 and 8 are bridged by RF switching diodes 18 and 18' respectively.
- a two-pole changeover switch 119 is connected to a direct current voltage source 20 and to the diodes 18 and 18' such that in one position it reverse biases the diode I8 and forward biases the diode 18, whereas in the other position it forward biases the diode 11% and reverse biases the diode BS3.
- the aerials may be mounted in arrays comprising two or more such aerials in a conventional manner to increase the gain.
- the aerials in such an array may also be variably phased with respect to each other in order that they might be electrically steered, again in a conventional manner.
- the aerials need not be flush mounted with the fuselage of the aircraft but could be mounted externally with the back of the cavity electrically and mechanically secured to the fuselage. Only a small hole is then required in the fuselage to allow the co-axial signal cable to be connected to the aerial.
- the low profile of the aerial should not cause any aerodynamic problems although a radome may be desirable to protect the conductors of the aerial from weathering.
- An aerial for receiving or transmitting circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation comprising an insulating substrate on one side of which is formed a dipole, said dipole being mounted substantially within the aperture of a slot antenna, means for coupling the slot antenna to the dipole asymmetrically with respect to a line of symmetry of the dipole, an electromagnetic cavity adjacent the coupled dipole and slot antenna, and a narrow conductor formed on the other side of said substrate substantially opposite the dipole and disposed such that part of the dipole, the substrate, and the conductor together form a stripline feed, said means for coupling the slot antenna to the dipole asymmetrically 6 comprising another conductor formed on the same side of the substrate as the narrow conductor but insulatedly separated from it and positioned over the dipole and the slot antenna so as to couple them together capacitively.
- An aerial for receiving or transmitting circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation including a dipole mounted substantially within the aperture of a slot antenna, an electromagnetic cavity adjacent the coupled dipole and slot and having a depth of less than M10, where A is the wavelength of the radiation, means for coupling the slot antenna to the dipole asymmetrically with respect to a line of symmetry of the dipole for determining the relative phase and amplitude of the responses of the slot antenna and the dipole to the radiation, and means connected to the dipole for feeding alternating electrical signals at the frequency of the radiation to the dipole and thus via the coupling means to excite the slot antenna.
- An aerial as claimed in claim 2 wherein the means for coupling the slot to the dipole asymmetrically with respect to a line of symmetry of the dipole is another conductor formed on the same side of the substrate as the narrow conductor but insulatedly separated from it and positioned over the dipole and the slot so as to couple them together capacitively.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB39372A GB1364941A (en) | 1972-01-05 | 1972-01-05 | Aerials |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3813674A true US3813674A (en) | 1974-05-28 |
Family
ID=9703609
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00321083A Expired - Lifetime US3813674A (en) | 1972-01-05 | 1973-01-04 | Cavity backed dipole-slot antenna for circular polarization |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3813674A (de) |
DE (1) | DE2300526C2 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1364941A (de) |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4084162A (en) * | 1975-05-15 | 1978-04-11 | Etat Francais Represented By Delegation Ministerielle Pour L'armement | Folded back doublet microstrip antenna |
EP0018476A1 (de) * | 1979-04-27 | 1980-11-12 | Ball Corporation | Kreuzschlitz-Hohlraumresonator-Antenne |
US4245222A (en) * | 1978-09-15 | 1981-01-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Dual function antenna |
EP0044779A1 (de) * | 1980-07-23 | 1982-01-27 | ETAT FRANCAIS repr. par le Secrétaire d'Etat aux Postes et Télécomm. et à la Télédiffusion (CENT. NAT. D'ETUDES DES TELECOMM.) | In Streifenleitungstechnik ausgeführte Faltdipole für sehr hohe Frequenzen und damit ausgeführte Antennenanordnung |
FR2565417A1 (fr) * | 1984-05-29 | 1985-12-06 | Trt Telecom Radio Electr | Antenne formee a partir d'une cavite resonante comportant une face rayonnante |
US4899162A (en) * | 1985-06-10 | 1990-02-06 | L'etat Francais, Represente Par Le Ministre Des Ptt (Cnet) | Omnidirectional cylindrical antenna |
US5243290A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1993-09-07 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Apparatus and method of logging using slot antenna having two nonparallel elements |
WO1995006962A1 (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1995-03-09 | International Mobile Satellite Organization | A folder dipole antenna |
EP0901182A2 (de) * | 1997-09-04 | 1999-03-10 | Harada Industry Co., Ltd. | Antennenvorrichtung für GPS-Signale |
US6285336B1 (en) * | 1999-11-03 | 2001-09-04 | Andrew Corporation | Folded dipole antenna |
US6307519B1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2001-10-23 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Multiband antenna system using RF micro-electro-mechanical switches, method for transmitting multiband signals, and signal produced therefrom |
US6317099B1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2001-11-13 | Andrew Corporation | Folded dipole antenna |
US6335706B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2002-01-01 | Paul Gordon Elliot | Method to feed antennas proximal a monopole |
US6650301B1 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2003-11-18 | Andrew Corp. | Single piece twin folded dipole antenna |
US20050035919A1 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2005-02-17 | Fan Yang | Multi-band printed dipole antenna |
US20060061515A1 (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2006-03-23 | Posluszny Jerry C | Parasitically coupled folded dipole multi-band antenna |
US20070035462A1 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-02-15 | Hertel Thorsten W | Method, system and apparatus for an antenna |
US20100225555A1 (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2010-09-09 | Pc-Tel, Inc. | Circuit board folded dipole with integral balun and transformer |
US20110032164A1 (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2011-02-10 | Wladimiro Villarroel | Multi-Element Cavity-Coupled Antenna |
US20110221644A1 (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2011-09-15 | Lee Jar J | Dual-patch antenna and array |
DE19839645B4 (de) * | 1997-08-29 | 2015-08-06 | Nec Corp. | Magnetfelddetektor |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2929660A1 (de) * | 1979-07-21 | 1981-01-22 | Focke & Co | Vorrichtung zum zufuehren von aus einem schragen entnommenen zigaretten zu einer packmaschine o.dgl. |
US4489328A (en) * | 1981-06-25 | 1984-12-18 | Trevor Gears | Plural microstrip slot antenna |
GB2261554B (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1995-05-24 | Northern Telecom Ltd | Flat plate antenna |
GB9410994D0 (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1994-07-20 | Alan Dick & Company Limited | Antennae |
FR2775127A1 (fr) * | 1998-02-17 | 1999-08-20 | Tekelec Temex | Antenne en plaque |
DE10141583B4 (de) * | 2001-08-24 | 2014-02-13 | Heinz Lindenmeier | Antennenanordnung in der Apertur einer elektrisch leitenden Fahrzeugkarosserie |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2751589A (en) * | 1951-06-20 | 1956-06-19 | Nat Res Dev | Folded slot antennae |
US2946055A (en) * | 1958-12-29 | 1960-07-19 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Parasitic dipole slot antenna |
US3239838A (en) * | 1963-05-29 | 1966-03-08 | Kenneth S Kelleher | Dipole antenna mounted in open-faced resonant cavity |
US3665480A (en) * | 1969-01-23 | 1972-05-23 | Raytheon Co | Annular slot antenna with stripline feed |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2972147A (en) * | 1958-07-09 | 1961-02-14 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Circularly polarized slot antenna |
GB929871A (en) * | 1958-08-06 | 1963-06-26 | Emi Ltd | Improvements relating to aerials |
US3576576A (en) * | 1968-10-31 | 1971-04-27 | Gen Motors Corp | Concealed windshield broadband antenna |
US3623112A (en) * | 1969-12-19 | 1971-11-23 | Bendix Corp | Combined dipole and waveguide radiator for phased antenna array |
-
1972
- 1972-01-05 GB GB39372A patent/GB1364941A/en not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-01-04 US US00321083A patent/US3813674A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-01-05 DE DE2300526A patent/DE2300526C2/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2751589A (en) * | 1951-06-20 | 1956-06-19 | Nat Res Dev | Folded slot antennae |
US2946055A (en) * | 1958-12-29 | 1960-07-19 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Parasitic dipole slot antenna |
US3239838A (en) * | 1963-05-29 | 1966-03-08 | Kenneth S Kelleher | Dipole antenna mounted in open-faced resonant cavity |
US3665480A (en) * | 1969-01-23 | 1972-05-23 | Raytheon Co | Annular slot antenna with stripline feed |
Cited By (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4084162A (en) * | 1975-05-15 | 1978-04-11 | Etat Francais Represented By Delegation Ministerielle Pour L'armement | Folded back doublet microstrip antenna |
US4245222A (en) * | 1978-09-15 | 1981-01-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Dual function antenna |
EP0018476A1 (de) * | 1979-04-27 | 1980-11-12 | Ball Corporation | Kreuzschlitz-Hohlraumresonator-Antenne |
EP0044779A1 (de) * | 1980-07-23 | 1982-01-27 | ETAT FRANCAIS repr. par le Secrétaire d'Etat aux Postes et Télécomm. et à la Télédiffusion (CENT. NAT. D'ETUDES DES TELECOMM.) | In Streifenleitungstechnik ausgeführte Faltdipole für sehr hohe Frequenzen und damit ausgeführte Antennenanordnung |
FR2565417A1 (fr) * | 1984-05-29 | 1985-12-06 | Trt Telecom Radio Electr | Antenne formee a partir d'une cavite resonante comportant une face rayonnante |
US4899162A (en) * | 1985-06-10 | 1990-02-06 | L'etat Francais, Represente Par Le Ministre Des Ptt (Cnet) | Omnidirectional cylindrical antenna |
US5243290A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1993-09-07 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Apparatus and method of logging using slot antenna having two nonparallel elements |
US5539414A (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1996-07-23 | Inmarsat | Folded dipole microstrip antenna |
US5821902A (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1998-10-13 | Inmarsat | Folded dipole microstrip antenna |
CN1047473C (zh) * | 1993-09-02 | 1999-12-15 | 国际移动卫星组织 | 折叠偶极天线及应用该天线的寻呼接收机 |
WO1995006962A1 (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1995-03-09 | International Mobile Satellite Organization | A folder dipole antenna |
DE19839645B4 (de) * | 1997-08-29 | 2015-08-06 | Nec Corp. | Magnetfelddetektor |
EP0901182A2 (de) * | 1997-09-04 | 1999-03-10 | Harada Industry Co., Ltd. | Antennenvorrichtung für GPS-Signale |
EP0901182A3 (de) * | 1997-09-04 | 2000-07-12 | Harada Industry Co., Ltd. | Antennenvorrichtung für GPS-Signale |
US6335706B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2002-01-01 | Paul Gordon Elliot | Method to feed antennas proximal a monopole |
US6285336B1 (en) * | 1999-11-03 | 2001-09-04 | Andrew Corporation | Folded dipole antenna |
US6307519B1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2001-10-23 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Multiband antenna system using RF micro-electro-mechanical switches, method for transmitting multiband signals, and signal produced therefrom |
US6317099B1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2001-11-13 | Andrew Corporation | Folded dipole antenna |
US6650301B1 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2003-11-18 | Andrew Corp. | Single piece twin folded dipole antenna |
US20050035919A1 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2005-02-17 | Fan Yang | Multi-band printed dipole antenna |
US7292200B2 (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2007-11-06 | Mobile Mark, Inc. | Parasitically coupled folded dipole multi-band antenna |
US20060061515A1 (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2006-03-23 | Posluszny Jerry C | Parasitically coupled folded dipole multi-band antenna |
US7589690B1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2009-09-15 | Alereon, Inc. | Method, system and apparatus for an antenna |
US7271779B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-09-18 | Alereon, Inc. | Method, system and apparatus for an antenna |
US20070035462A1 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-02-15 | Hertel Thorsten W | Method, system and apparatus for an antenna |
US20110032164A1 (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2011-02-10 | Wladimiro Villarroel | Multi-Element Cavity-Coupled Antenna |
US9270017B2 (en) | 2008-02-04 | 2016-02-23 | Agc Automotive Americas R&D, Inc. | Multi-element cavity-coupled antenna |
US20100225555A1 (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2010-09-09 | Pc-Tel, Inc. | Circuit board folded dipole with integral balun and transformer |
US20110221644A1 (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2011-09-15 | Lee Jar J | Dual-patch antenna and array |
US8390520B2 (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2013-03-05 | Raytheon Company | Dual-patch antenna and array |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2300526C2 (de) | 1982-09-30 |
DE2300526A1 (de) | 1973-07-12 |
GB1364941A (en) | 1974-08-29 |
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