US3810506A - Molding for use in steel ingot making by bottom pouring and method of making steel ingot - Google Patents

Molding for use in steel ingot making by bottom pouring and method of making steel ingot Download PDF

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Publication number
US3810506A
US3810506A US00311599A US31159972A US3810506A US 3810506 A US3810506 A US 3810506A US 00311599 A US00311599 A US 00311599A US 31159972 A US31159972 A US 31159972A US 3810506 A US3810506 A US 3810506A
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molding
group
wool
mold
molten steel
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US00311599A
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English (en)
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H Kobayashi
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Aikoh Co Ltd
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Aikoh Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/12—Appurtenances, e.g. for sintering, for preventing splashing

Definitions

  • molten steel is poured from a ladle into a pouring tube, passed through a runner and then poured into a mold from a run-outhole.
  • the molten steel abruptly erupts from the run-out hole into the mold as an erupting stream of molten steel because pouring is performed abruptly so as to avoid blockage of the runner due to solidification of the molten steel upon cooling and no molten steel is present within the mold which prevents or reduces the eruption of the molten steel.
  • the difference in height between the pouring tube and the bottom of the mold alsocontributes to the force of the erupting molten steel.
  • a great deal of splashing occurs as a result of the formation of the erupting stream, and steel adheres to the bottom of the mold in the solidified state which deteriorates the cast ing surface of the bottom of the steel ingot produced.
  • a molding for use in-making steel ingot by the bottom pouring method comprising about 40 to 96 percent by weight of a refractory material, 2 to about 50 percent by weight of a fibrous material and 2 to about pegcent by weight of a binder tinihaving a size such that it is larger than the diameter of the runout hole for the introduction of molten steel into the mold and can rise and float on the top surface of the molten steel within the mold, the molding being disposed at the bottom of the mold to interrupt the erupting stream of molten steel during the early stage of pouring.
  • the present invention also provides a method of making steel ingot by bottom pouring using the abovedescribed molding, whereby an erupting stream of molten steel is interrupted to prevent splashing and to smoothen the casting surface of the bottom of the resulting steel ingot and, at the same time, the molten steel is prevented from directly striking the wall of the mold even when it erupts obliquely.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a molding for use in the bottom pouring method which enables theheretofore recited objects to .be met.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view of steel ingot making apparatus which shows the initial stage of pouring in the manufacture of steel ingot by the bottom pouring method, the right-hand side view showing a this invention.
  • the refractory material used in the present invention may be any refractory material able to withstand the temperature of the molten steel, and specific examples thereof include inorganic materials such as olivine, quartz, silica sand, refractory silicate, magnesia, alumina, mullite, slag, aluminum ash, diatomaceous earth,
  • vermiculite vermiculite, shale, obsidian, pearlite rock, magnesite,.
  • the proportion of the refractory material is about 40 i to 96 percent by weight of the weight of the molding. If it is less than about 40 percent by weight, the refractory property (ability to withstand heat) and the strength of the molding are reduced. The use of an amount of refractory material in excess of 96 percent by weight is undesirable because insufficient fibrous material and binder will be present to maintain the strength of the molding which is used for interrupting the erupting stream of molten steel.
  • the fibrous material is used .to reinforce the molding so that it will not be broken by the impact of the erupting molten steel.
  • fibrous materials that can be used in this invention are wood pulp, wood sawdust, beaten waste paper, cotton, asbestos, slag wool, rock wool, glass wool, steel wool, and artificial fibers, e.g., rayon.
  • the proportion of the fibrous material is 2 to about 50 percent by weight of the weight of the molding. If the proportion thereof is less than 2 percent by weight, the amount of fibrous material is insufficient to reinforce the molding.
  • the fibrous material it is not necessary to use the fibrous material in an amount exceeding about 50 percent by weight, usually it is not necessary to use more than about 40 percent by weight of fibrous material, but up to about 50 percent by weight may be used, in which case the amount of binder is reduced to 10 if 40 percent by weight of refractory material is used.
  • the binder used may, for example, be a resin such as a phenol-formaldehyde resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, furan resin or epoxy resin, water glass, cements, clays,
  • a resin such as a phenol-formaldehyde resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, furan resin or epoxy resin, water glass, cements, clays,
  • the proportion of the binder is 2 to about percent by weight of the weight of the molding. if the proportion thereof is less than 2 percentby weight, the binder has insufficient effect in binding the component elements of the molding and the molding tends to be disintegrated, making it difficult to handle. No significant increased effect is obtained by using the binder inan amount larger than about 20 percent by weight.
  • the molding of this invention is used in the same operation and brings about the same results as conventional casting surface improving agents such as a platelike or powdery material for coating the top surface of molten steel, and can prevent the formation of an oxide coating of the top surface of molten steel rising within the mold as a result of contact of the steel with air or a crust forming as a result of air cooling.
  • conventional casting surface improving agents such as a platelike or powdery material for coating the top surface of molten steel
  • a substance capable of generating a. reducing atmosphere which excludes the atmosphere such as fluorides, chlorides and carbonaceous substances as are well known in the art, for example, fluorides such as sodium hexafluoroaluminate, sodium hexafluorosilicate, potassium hexafluorosilicate, calcium hexafluorosilicate, sodium borofluoride, potassium boro-' fluoride and aluminum fluoride; chlorides such as aluminum chloride, chlorinated paraffins and hexachloroethane; and carbonaceous materials such as various cokes, charcoal, coal and carbon black.
  • fluorides such as sodium hexafluoroaluminate, sodium hexafluorosilicate, potassium hexafluorosilicate, calcium hexafluorosilicate, sodium borofluoride, potassium boro-' fluoride and aluminum fluoride
  • chlorides such as aluminum chloride, chlorinated paraffins and hexachloroe
  • a slag-forming agent such as limestone or calcium fluoride or a meltin g point regulating agent such as cryolite, sodium fluoride or chloride, potassium fluoride or chloride, manganese oxide, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate may also be included in the molding.
  • cryolite sodium fluoride or chloride, potassium fluoride or chloride, manganese oxide, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate
  • materials are usually added in low proportions, e.g., less than about lO percent by weight of the three essential components of the molding. The addition of such material does not effect the percentage basis of the three essential components.
  • the molding of this invention does not have to be of the same configuration as the cross sectional shape of the inner surface of the mold so long as it has 'a size such that it is larger than the diameter of the run-out hole for the introduction of molten steel into the mold and can rise and float on the top surface of molten steel within the mold.
  • the molding can produced by any. known process. For example, it can be producedby forming an aqueous slurry of the components and drying the same or by any equivalent process.
  • the molding has a density of about 0.5 to about 1.5 g/cc. This bulk density is best suited to most commercially used bottom pouring methods. A preferred density is 0.6 1.0 g/cc.
  • the thickness of the molding is not overly critical, and it is only necessary the molding have sufficient thickness so it can be easily handled, is not cracked by the erupting molten steel stream or is not tipped over if a relatively small molding is used. Usually, however, since a molding of relatively large diameter is used the main criterion which establishes thickness is that the molding be easily handled and not so thin as to break when the molten steel stream initially hits it.
  • a molded article 8 in accordance with this invention is disposed at the bottom of the mold l to interrupt the erupting flow of molten steel which is formed in the early stage of pouring, and the occurrence of splashes is greatly reduced, as shown.
  • the bottom of the steel ingot made by this method has a very smooth casting surface, and a peeling step is hardly necessary.
  • the moldingcan be circular as shown in FIG. 2 or rectangular and box-like shape as shown in FIG. 3. Needless to say, one skilled in the art will appreciate other shapes are also acceptable.
  • the molding was prepared as follows.
  • a slurry was prepared by. homogeneously mixing 40 percent by weight of the above composition with 60 percent by weight of water. The slurry was charged. into a metallic mold which was provided with a wire net in such an amount that the charged slurry decreased to about 20 mm in thickness when it was dehydrated through the wire net by vacuum. The dehydrated molding was dried at a temperature of to C for 2 hours to obtain a discoid molding 20 mm thick and 400 mm in diameter.
  • a pouring tube was mounted at the centre of a bottom pouring bed, and 6 molds for making a 5-ton steel ingot were arranged radially therearound.
  • Six steel ingots were made with one bottom casting. Three of the six steel ingots were made using molds with the de scribed discoid molding at the bottom.
  • the other three steel ingots were produced using a conventional powdery casting surface improving agent, mainly composed of fly ash, a fluoride, carbonate etc.
  • a molding for making steel ingot by the bottom pouring method said molding being set at the bottom of the mold in which bottom pouring is conducted to interrupt a spouting stream of molten bottom steel issuing from a run-out hole in the bottom of the mold during pouring, said molding comprising about 40 to 96 percent by weight of a refractory material, 2 to about 50 percent by weight of a fibrous material and 2 to about percent by weight of a binder and having a size such that it is larger than the diameter of the runout hole to permit entry of the molten steel into the mold and can rise and float on the top surface of the molten steel within the mold.
  • the molding of claim 1 which further includes a material capable of generating a gas during bottom pouring to form a reducing atmosphere which prevents the atmosphere from contacting the molten steel.
  • the melting point controlling agent is selected-from the group consisting of cryolite, sodium fluoride or chlorideljpotassium fluoride or chloride, manganese oxide, so ium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
  • the refractory material is selected from the group consisting of olivine, quartz, silica sand, a refractory silicate, magnesia, alumina, mullite, slag, aluminum ash, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite, shale, obsidian, pearlite, magnesite, limestone, dolomite, fly ash and bauxite.
  • the fibrous material is selected from the group consisting of wood pulp, wood sawdust, beaten waste paper, cotton, asbestos, slag wool, rock wool, glass wool, steel wool and artificial fibers.
  • binder is selected from the group consisting of resins, water glass, cements, clays, dextrin and starch,
  • the molding of claim 10 wherein the resin is selected from the group consisting of a phenolformaldehyde resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, furan resin and epoxy resin.
  • a molding comprising from about 40 to 96 percent by weight of a refractory material, from 2 to about 50 percent by weight of a fibrous material and from 2 to about 20 percent by weight of a binder and having a size such that it is larger than the diameter of the run-out hole in the mold for the introduction of molten steel into the mold andcan' rise and float on the top surface of molten steel within the mold is provided at the bottom of the mold to thereby interrupt an erupting stream of molten steel during pouring.
  • the refractory material is selected from the group consisting of olivine, quartz, silica sand, at refractory silicate, magnesia, alumina, mullite, slag, aluminum ash, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite, shale, obsidian, pearlite magnesite, limestone, dolomite, fly ash and bauxite.
  • the fibrous material is selected from the group consisting of wool pulp, wood sawdust, beaten waste paper, cotton, asbestos, slag wool, rock wool, glass wool, steel wool and artificial fibers.
  • binder is selected from the group consisting of resins, water glass,

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
US00311599A 1971-12-04 1972-12-04 Molding for use in steel ingot making by bottom pouring and method of making steel ingot Expired - Lifetime US3810506A (en)

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JP46097591A JPS4861331A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-04 1971-12-04

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3934637A (en) * 1973-03-28 1976-01-27 Foseco International Limited Casting of molten metals
US3942580A (en) * 1973-04-27 1976-03-09 Foseco International Limited Casting of ingots
US3951201A (en) * 1973-03-07 1976-04-20 Foseco International Limited Method of casting of molten metals
US3998261A (en) * 1974-06-18 1976-12-21 British Steel Corporation Casting steel ingots
US4040469A (en) * 1975-07-10 1977-08-09 Foseco International Limited Casting of molten metals
DE2738635A1 (de) * 1976-08-31 1978-03-02 Rolls Royce Mehrfachgiessform
DE3110534A1 (de) * 1981-03-18 1982-10-28 Mannesmann Rexroth GmbH, 8770 Lohr Speiser fuer gussstuecke
US9889497B2 (en) * 2015-12-18 2018-02-13 Ask Chemicals L.P. Molding materials for non-ferrous casting
CN110090934A (zh) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-06 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种防止模铸下注开浇钢水喷溅和卷渣的方法
PL449808A1 (pl) * 2024-09-12 2025-05-12 Krakodlew Spółka Akcyjna Sposób wytwarzania kanałów układów wlewowych form odlewniczych, w szczególności piaskowych

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5090611A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-12-14 1975-07-19
CN102814490A (zh) * 2012-07-31 2012-12-12 马鞍山科润冶金材料有限公司 一种利用钙质页岩制炼钢模铸的保护渣

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US945019A (en) * 1910-01-04 William H Connell Casting ingots.
US2869197A (en) * 1954-11-30 1959-01-20 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Process of casting metal on glass fiber mat
US2913788A (en) * 1953-05-18 1959-11-24 Kramig Anna Louise Method of casting ingots
US3182363A (en) * 1962-10-03 1965-05-11 Eastern Splash Mats Inc Ingot mold teeming method
US3623537A (en) * 1968-11-14 1971-11-30 Foseco Int Casting of ingots

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US945019A (en) * 1910-01-04 William H Connell Casting ingots.
US2913788A (en) * 1953-05-18 1959-11-24 Kramig Anna Louise Method of casting ingots
US2869197A (en) * 1954-11-30 1959-01-20 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Process of casting metal on glass fiber mat
US3182363A (en) * 1962-10-03 1965-05-11 Eastern Splash Mats Inc Ingot mold teeming method
US3623537A (en) * 1968-11-14 1971-11-30 Foseco Int Casting of ingots

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3951201A (en) * 1973-03-07 1976-04-20 Foseco International Limited Method of casting of molten metals
US3934637A (en) * 1973-03-28 1976-01-27 Foseco International Limited Casting of molten metals
US3942580A (en) * 1973-04-27 1976-03-09 Foseco International Limited Casting of ingots
US3998261A (en) * 1974-06-18 1976-12-21 British Steel Corporation Casting steel ingots
US4040469A (en) * 1975-07-10 1977-08-09 Foseco International Limited Casting of molten metals
DE2738635A1 (de) * 1976-08-31 1978-03-02 Rolls Royce Mehrfachgiessform
US4133371A (en) * 1976-08-31 1979-01-09 Rolls-Royce Limited Casting
DE3110534A1 (de) * 1981-03-18 1982-10-28 Mannesmann Rexroth GmbH, 8770 Lohr Speiser fuer gussstuecke
US9889497B2 (en) * 2015-12-18 2018-02-13 Ask Chemicals L.P. Molding materials for non-ferrous casting
CN110090934A (zh) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-06 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种防止模铸下注开浇钢水喷溅和卷渣的方法
PL449808A1 (pl) * 2024-09-12 2025-05-12 Krakodlew Spółka Akcyjna Sposób wytwarzania kanałów układów wlewowych form odlewniczych, w szczególności piaskowych
PL247653B1 (pl) * 2024-09-12 2025-08-18 Krakodlew Spółka Akcyjna Sposób wytwarzania kanałów układów wlewowych form odlewniczych, w szczególności piaskowych

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Publication number Publication date
AU4961772A (en) 1974-06-06
JPS4861331A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-08-28

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