US3809792A - Production of celeste in a computor organ - Google Patents

Production of celeste in a computor organ Download PDF

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Publication number
US3809792A
US3809792A US00321231A US32123173A US3809792A US 3809792 A US3809792 A US 3809792A US 00321231 A US00321231 A US 00321231A US 32123173 A US32123173 A US 32123173A US 3809792 A US3809792 A US 3809792A
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Prior art keywords
components
frequency
note
waveshape
celeste
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R Deutsch
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Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
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Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
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Priority to US00321231A priority Critical patent/US3809792A/en
Priority to DE2364336A priority patent/DE2364336C3/de
Priority to NL7317773.A priority patent/NL167047C/xx
Priority to GB6009473A priority patent/GB1442420A/en
Priority to JP744282A priority patent/JPS5324810B2/ja
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H7/00—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs
    • G10H7/08—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs by calculating functions or polynomial approximations to evaluate amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform
    • G10H7/10—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs by calculating functions or polynomial approximations to evaluate amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform using coefficients or parameters stored in a memory, e.g. Fourier coefficients
    • G10H7/105—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs by calculating functions or polynomial approximations to evaluate amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform using coefficients or parameters stored in a memory, e.g. Fourier coefficients using Fourier coefficients
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/06—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour
    • G10H1/08—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour by combining tones
    • G10H1/10—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour by combining tones for obtaining chorus, celeste or ensemble effects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S84/00—Music
    • Y10S84/04—Chorus; ensemble; celeste

Definitions

  • the first set includes harmonically related components, generally the true pitch fundamental and overtones of each selected note. Components of the second set are offset slightly higher in frequency from those in the first set.
  • the resultant synthesized sound resembles an organ Celeste stop wherein two organ pipes, one tuned slightly sharp with respect to the other, are soundedwhen a note is played.
  • each set contains the same number of components, each component in the second set being slightly higher in frequency than the corresponding component of the first set.
  • the first set includes plural harmonic components
  • the second set contains only one component slightly offset from the fundamental of the first set.
  • the celeste tones of a pipe organ are produced by a multi-rank set of pipes.
  • One rank is set to true pitch, producing tones at the nominally correct 8-foot frequencies.
  • the second rank consists of like sounding pipes, but tuned sharp with respect to true pitch.
  • the frequency offset of the second rank is not consistent over the manual, but typically ranges from about 2 Hz at C (the note ofC in the third octave) to about 4 Hz at C
  • the listener perceives a pleasant beat noteas the sounds from the two ranks interact. This gives the tone a considerable warmth
  • Celeste cannot easily be produced in a digital organ of the type wherein a stored musical waveshape is repeatedly read from memory at a rate determined by the fundamental frequency of the note being generated. (An instrument of this type is shown in the inventors US. Pat. No. 3,515,792 entitled DIGITAL ORGAN.)
  • a fundamental characteristic of celeste is an interference or beat effect which occurs between sounds of slightly different frequencies. To synthesize this effect requires production of a waveshape which changes in time. To achieve suchsynthesis in a system which repeatedly reproduces the same stored wave form requires two separate digital organs, one generating a note of true pitch, the other producing a note of slightly higher pitch. The two notes are combined, either electrically or acoustically, to produce celeste. Obviously, such implementation may double the system cost.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to produce a celeste effect in a computor organ of the type wherein musical notes are generated by individually calculating and combining the Fourier components comprising that note. Toaccomplish this, at least two sets of Fourier components, offset slightly in frequency from each other, are calculated and'combined to synthesize each celeste tone. In effect, this corresponds to generating two notes, one at the true pitch and another tuned sharp.
  • the resultant waveshape is not uniformly repititious, but changes in time; it may be thought of as the superposition of separate waveshapes associated with two notes of slightly different frequency. When this resultant waveshape is reproduced acoustically, a remarkably realistic celeste effect results.
  • musical notes are produced by computing in real time the amplitudes at 'successivesample points of a musical waveshape, and converting these amplitudes to notes as the computations are carried out.
  • the amplitude at each sample point is obtained by summing at least two sets of Fourier components, one associated with the true pitch of the selected note, the other set being offset, generally slightly higher in frequency therefrom.
  • the two sets of Fourier components thus may be considered as synthesizing respectively the true pitch and tuned-sharp ranks of a pipe organ celeste stop.
  • the first set of Fourier components includes the fundamental and second through'eighth harmonics of the selected note. These true pitch components are illustrated by the solid lines in the spectrum of FIG. 2.
  • the second set of Fourier components includes a fundamental having a frequency slightly higher than that of the first set, and seven overtones harmonically related to this shifted fundamental, and hence all offset in frequency with respect to the first set.
  • the offset or frequency-shifted components are indicated by broken lines in the spectra of FIG. 2.
  • The. circuitry of FIG. 1 calculates both the true-pitch and frequency-offset Fourier components during each computation time interval The components are summed to obtain the waveshape amplitude at the sample point currently being evaluated. The computations are repeated during successive time intervals I to generate a waveshape which when acoustically reproduced yields a realistic celeste sound.
  • the use of two component sets each having eight harmonics is quite satisfactory to synthesize a flute or soft string voice.
  • a greater number of true pitch harmonics are generated, as indicated by the solid lines in the spectrum of FIG. 4.
  • a rich string voice can be synthesized.
  • the celeste effect is produced by. a singleharmonic component (shown as a broken line in FIG. 4) having a frequency slightly higher than the true-pitch fundamental.
  • the resultant offset celeste rank has a sinusoidal" waveform tuned sharp with respect to the first rank.
  • FIG. 2 is a harmonic spectrum associated with the computor organ of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an electrical block diagram of a computor organ configured for production of celeste and wherein only a single frequency-shifted component is generated.
  • FIG. 4 is a harmonicspectrum associated with the computor organ of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a simplified electrical block diagram of circuitry useful in conjunction with thecomputor organ of FIG. 3 for inhibiting production of celeste for certain
  • FIG. 6 is an electrical block diagram showing celeste generation in a parallel processing computer organ.
  • the computor organ 10 of FIG. 1 produces via a sound system 11 musical notes having a celeste quality.
  • the computor organ 10 For each note selected'by the keyboard switches '12, the computor organ 10 computes the amplitudes at successive sample points of a waveshape characterizing the selected note. Each amplitude is obtained by calculating two sets of discrete Fourier components as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • Both sets of components are-summed algebraically in an accumulator 13 which, at the end of each computa tion time interval 1, contains the amplitude for the current sample point.
  • This amplitude is provided via a gate 14, enabled by the t,'signal on a line 15, to a digital-toanalog converter 16 which supplies to the sound system l1 a voltage corresponding to the waveshape amplitude just computed. Computation of the amplitude for the next sample point subsequently is initiated, so that the analog voltage supplied from the converter 16 comprises a musical'waveshape generated in real time.
  • R is the frequency number mentioned above, and n I, 2, 3, A designates the Fourier component during evaluated.
  • The'value n 1 corresponds to the fundamental, n 2 to the second harmonic, n 3 to the third harmonic andso forth.
  • the harmonic coefficient C specifies the relative amplitude of n'". Fourier component.
  • the value of R- designates each sample point of the waveshape being generated.
  • each frequency-offset Fourier component F, is calculated in accordance with the following equation:
  • n l, 2, 3, B designates which order Fourier component is being evaluated.
  • the harmonic coefficient C,,' specifies the relative amplitude of the n" Fourier component in the shifted-frequency set.
  • the value 5 determines the extent. of frequency-offset with respect to the corresponding true-pitch component.
  • This value 8 may be the same forall notes, or may be different for each note or groups of notes. Appropriate values of 8 are stored in 'a memory 18 (FIG. 1) accessed in unison with the frequency number memory 17 as each keyboard switch 12 is selected.
  • the value N designates the number of amplitude sample points computed forthe note of lowest pitch .(fundamental frequency) of the computor organ l0.
  • the total number (A B) of components calculated to synthesize the waveshape is equal to or less than N/2. This will satisfy the well known sampling rate requirements (related to the Nyquist criteria) of a sampled data system.
  • the computor organ 1Q calculates eight Fourier components (A 8, B 8) for each of the two sets combined to obtain each waveshape sample point amplitude. Accordingly, the sample point amplitude X (qR) is given by the relationship:
  • the counter 21 preferably is of modulo 16, and provides outputs t through [CF16 on the lines designated with corresponding numbers.
  • the signals r through r all are provided via an OR-gate23 onto. a line 24 to control calculation of the true-pitch components.
  • the signals r through t all are supplied via an OR-gate 25 to a line 26 which controls calculation ofthe frequency-offset components.
  • the 1 signal, slightly delayed the eight true-pitch components note is supplied from the memory 17 via a line 28395;! 5 interval adder 34. Accordingly, the contents of the a gate 29 to a note interval adder 30.
  • the gate 29 is enadder 34 represents a quanitity nq(R 8) for n l, 2, abled by the I, r signal, 50 that the contents Of the adder 3, 8 where now indicates the harmonic order of 30 is incremented each computation interval, and repthe frequency-shifted Fourier components illustrated resents the value (qR) designating the waveshape samby the broken lines in FIG. 2. ple point currently being evaluated.
  • the memory address decoder 35 now accesses from At eachinterval r t through r the value (qR) is the sinusoid table 36 the value sin (21r/N) nq(R 8) gated from the adder 30 via a line 32 and a gate 33 to corresponding to the argument nq(R 8) received a harmonic interval adder 34 which is cleared byvthe t, from the harmonic interval adder 34 on the line 37. signal at the beginning of each computation cycle.
  • Ac- This sin value, supplied via the line 37 is multiplied by cordingly, during the first eight calculation cycles, the the appropriate harmonic Coefficient n' Obtained from contents of the adder 34 represents the value nqR (for the harmonic coefficient memory 41.
  • the sinusoid table 36 may comprise a currently being ealethated- This Value is pp to t d l memory Storing values f i (Z /N) '0 f accumulator 13'where it is summed with the previously 5 0 N at intervals of D, where D is called the reso- Calculated true-Pitch and frequency-Shifted compo lution constant f the memory nents.
  • D is called the reso- Calculated true-Pitch and frequency-Shifted compo lution constant f the memory nents.
  • the multiplication (q as given y qp above.
  • the 1 slgnal gates product represents h amplitude f the this value x (qR) vla the dlgltal-to-analog converter 16 true-pitch harmonic component, and is supplied via a t the SPuhd System h Clears the aeeumhlatot line 39 to the accumulator 13.
  • the appropriate coeffi- 1h rehdlhess for comphtahohhof the shmple polht cient C is accessed from a harmonic coefficient mem- I P
  • the ory 41 described in more detail below
  • Sound phodhcedhy the System 11 corresponds to of a memory address control unit 42 also receiving the Selected notes wlth a Pleashg Celeste tcomputation interval signals 2, through r from the The memory 41 hh h h' a read line only memory conta ning harmonic coefficient values
  • the harmonic interval adder 34 is cleared.
  • the Values may the same, or accomplish this the the [m8 Signal slightly delayed by ferent from the valu s C, for like harmonics.
  • a delay unit 44 is supplied via a line 45.
  • the clear F frequemy'fhset monic component (broken lines in FIG. 2) will have an Input of h adder r amplitude equal to the corresponding true-pitch com-' To compute the frequency-Offset Components, the ponent.
  • This in effect will synthesize a pipe organ Value 5 associated with the Selected note is accessed sound wherein both celeste ranks are of like tonal qualfrom the memory 18 and added to the frequency 45 ity.
  • the values C may differ from the ber R fOI' that note an adder Circuit 46.
  • second note interval adder 47 via the two celeste ranks have different voices a gate 48 actuated by the computation n rv l ign
  • Table I indicates typical values of C,, II On the line 15. Accordingly, the note interval adder and C for a flute voice and a soft string voice respec- 47 during each computation interval will contain the tively wherein both celeste ranks are of like voice (C. sum q(R 6). This value q(R 8) in effect represents C,,) and for a celeste stop having ranks of different the sample point of a waveshape having a fundamental tonal quality (C 9* C,,').
  • a Signetics type 8250 binary-to-octal decoder may be used in conjunction with the type 8281 counter to provide the separate t through [m signal linesshown in FIG. 1.
  • the type 8223 memory may be programmed to store the harmonic coefficients listed in Table 1 above, or other values of C and C appropriate to produce other celeste voices.
  • the frequency number memory 17 and the 8 memory 18 likewise may be implemented using the same or separate conventional integrated circuit read only memories such as the Signetics type 8223.
  • the I following table shows typical values for the frequency number R and 8 values for the notes between C and C TABLE 11 Note R 8 Frequency Offset of hifted FundamentaKHcrtz) D, 0.0382 0.006 2.20 D#;. 0.0405. 0.006 2.25 1 E 0.0429 0.006 2.35
  • nent F offset slightly higher in frequency than the true-pitch fundamental.
  • the associated harmonic spectrum is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the true-pitch components are calculated during the time intervals t through 1 24 and the offset component is evaluated at the calculation interval r
  • the corresponding r through t outputs from the counter 21 are supplied via an OR- gate 52 and a line 53 to the'gate 33.
  • the value nqR in the harmonic interval adder 34 is incremented at each of these 15 consecutive calculation intervals.
  • the true-pitch componentvalues F,,"" for n 1,2, .,l5 successively are provided on the line 39' for summation in the accumulator 13.
  • the harmonic interval adder 34 is cleared by the 5,, signal, slightly delayed by a delay unit 54.
  • the single frequency-offset component is calculated during the interval t
  • thevalue 8 associated with the selected note is accessed'from the memory 18 and supplied via a gate 55 to an interval adder 56.
  • the value 8 is added to the previous contents of the interval adder 56, so that the output 'on a line 57 represents the value q8.
  • This is summed with the value qR from the note interval'adder 30 by an adder 58 to obtain the value q(R 8).
  • the value q(R 8) is supplied from the adder 58 via a gate 59 to the harmonic interval adder 34' upon occurrence of the r signal on a line 60. Sincethe adder 34 previously was cleared by the delayed signal, theresultant contents of theadder 34 will be simply q'(R 8).
  • the memory address decoder 35 then'accesses from the sinusoid table 36 the value sin (2/N) q(R 8) cor- 8 values are a design choice selected to provide a pleas ing celeste.
  • different groups of notes have like frequency offset. As mentioned before, this is not necessary, and all notes could have the same offset, or each note could have a different frequency offset.
  • FIG. 4 shows a typical harmonic spectrum of the cequality of the produced sound.
  • Celeste may be implemented for all notes of the organ, or only for some notes. Thus in the embodiment of FIG. 3, celeste is produced for each note between C;, and C Celeste may be inhibited, as by appropriate logic 62, when a note between C and B or between D, and C-, is selected.
  • Illustrative celeste inhibit circuitry 62 is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the lines C and B and B through C from the corresponding keyboard (or pedal) switches 12 are supplied on an OR-gate 63.
  • OR-gate 63 When a note between C;, and C is played, a low output is present on the line 64 from the OR-gate 63, indicating that celeste is to be implemented.
  • This low signal is inverted by an inverter 65 to'produce on a line 66 a high signal which enables a pair of AND-gates 67, 68.
  • the gates 67, 68 thus provide the I,.,,, and u signals respectively to the delay unit 54 and the gate 59, as shown in FIG. 3. Normal celeste production occurs.
  • the 1 signal is provided via the AND- gate 69 to the memory access control 42'.
  • This causes access from the harmonic coefficient memory 41 of the value C16 (that is, the harmonic coefficient for the 16th true-pitch harmonic).
  • the true-pitch harmonic F is provided to the accumulator 13.
  • the resultant waveshape is obtained from 16 true-pitch harmonics and no frequency-offset components; this corresponds exactly to the production of a true-pitch note without celeste.
  • production of a celeste readily is implemented in a computor organ using parallel processing.
  • the organ 75 like the instrument of FIG. 1, calculates the same number of true-pitch and frequency-shifted components.
  • the advantage of using parallel processing is that both sets of Fourier components are calculated concurrently, so that the system clock rate may be one-half that required for the computor organ 10 of FIG. l.
  • this significant reduction in computation rate more readily permits the computor organ to be implemented using conventional integrated circuitry.
  • the computor organ 75 includes a first processing channel 76a in which the values 1 for the true-pitch components are calculated, and a second, like parallel processing channel 76b wherein the values F are calculated for the frequency-shifted components.
  • System timing is established by a clock 77 having a rate one-half that of the clock 20 in FIG. 1.
  • the output pulses t from the clock 77 advance a binary counter 78 of modulo 8.
  • the output of the counter 78 on the lines 79a, 79b, 790 comprises a binary signal representing the respective counts t through t
  • the low order, true-pitch Fourier component F is calculated in the channel 76a and concurrently the low order frequency-shifted component F is calculated in the channel 76b.
  • harmonic interval adders 34a, 34b are used to accumulate the totals nqR and nq(R 8) respectively. Both adders 34a, 34b are cleared by the 2,, signal derived via a delay unit 84 from the t signal.
  • the values qR from the note interval adder 30a and q(R 8) from the note interval adder 30b respectively are gated to the harmonic interval adders 34a and 34b via gates 33a and 33b enabled at each calculation interval 1 through r
  • the timing signals t through r are derived from the binary counter 78 output using a binary-tooctal decoder 85.
  • the eight lines from the decoder 85, containing the respective signals 1, through I,.,,,,' all are connected to an OR-gate 86 the output of which, on a line 87, enables the gates 33a and 33b.
  • Separate harmonic coefficient memories 41a, 41b and associated address control units 42a, 42b are used in the respective channels 76a, 76b. Each may be implemented using a Signetics type 8223 read only memory or the equivalent, the address control portion of which directly receives the binary coded count on the lines 790 79c.
  • the memory 41a contains the truepitch harmonic coefficients C and the memory 41b 5 stores the coefficients C, for. the frequency-shifted components. These values may correspond to those set forth above in Table I.
  • Apparatus for production of celeste in a computo organ comprising:
  • first means operative during repetitive computation intervals, for separately calculating a first set of Fourier components associated with the musical waveshape of a first note of one pitch; and second means, also operative during said repetitive computation intervals, for separately calculating a second set of Fourier components associated with the musical waveshape of a'second note having a pitch slightly offset in frequency with respect to said first -nte,
  • Celeste production apparatus wherein components of said first set are calculated at effective waveshape sample points separated by qR wherein R is a frequency number establishing the fundamental period of said first note and q is an integer incremented at the end of each computation interval and wherein components of said second set are calculated at effective waveshape sample points separated by q(R 6) wherein 6 is a value designating the amount of frequency offset of said second note.
  • Celeste production apparatus comprising:
  • a clock for establishing said repetitive computation intervals, a' frequency number'memory storing values R which establish the effective waveshape sample point separation for corresponding notes, a 8 memory storing harmonic offset values 8 for selectable notes, i a keyboard for selecting notes to be produced by said apparatus, actuation of a key on said keyboard causing memory readout of the R and 8 values for the selected note, note interval adders for establishing values of (qR) and q(R' 6) for selected notes during successive computation intervals, where q is an integer incremented by said means for incrementing, and wherein said'first means comprises circuitry, cooperating withsaid note interval adders,
  • said second means comprises circuitry
  • afrequency number memory containing values of R associated with selectable musical notes
  • a '0 memory containing values of 8 associated with said notes
  • note selection circuitry for'accessing from said frequency number and 8 memories the values R and 8 for each selected note
  • harmoniccomponent evaluation circuitry utilizing said coefficient memory and said sinusoid table to calculate.
  • a musical instrument wherein saidcalculations are performed digitally, wherein said second means includes a digital-to-analog converter and a sound system for converting said obtained wave- I shape amplitudes to musical sounds exhibiting a celeste effect, successive cycles of said obtained waveshape being of different shape.
  • said first means includes:
  • N represents the number of waveshape sample points for the tone of lowest fundamental frequency produced by said instrument, and wherein A+B M2.
  • a musical instrument wherein the components of said first set are harmonically related in frequency to the true pitch of a selected note and wherein each component of said second set is offset slightly higher in frequency from the corresponding component of said first set. 7
  • a musical instrument according to claim 5 wherein said first means includes parallel processing said first and second sets.

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US00321231A 1973-01-05 1973-01-05 Production of celeste in a computor organ Expired - Lifetime US3809792A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00321231A US3809792A (en) 1973-01-05 1973-01-05 Production of celeste in a computor organ
DE2364336A DE2364336C3 (de) 1973-01-05 1973-12-22 Elektronisches Musikinstrument
NL7317773.A NL167047C (nl) 1973-01-05 1973-12-28 Electronisch muziekinstrument op basis van een compu- ter.
GB6009473A GB1442420A (en) 1973-01-05 1973-12-28 Production of celeste in a computer organ
JP744282A JPS5324810B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-05 1973-12-28

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JP (1) JPS5324810B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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GB (1) GB1442420A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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Cited By (25)

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US3875842A (en) * 1974-08-23 1975-04-08 Nat Semiconductor Corp Multiplexing system for selection of notes in an electronic musical instrument
US3884108A (en) * 1974-01-11 1975-05-20 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Production of ensemble in a computor organ
US3888153A (en) * 1973-06-28 1975-06-10 Nippon Gakki Seiko Kk Anharmonic overtone generation in a computor organ
US3908504A (en) * 1974-04-19 1975-09-30 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Harmonic modulation and loudness scaling in a computer organ
US3910150A (en) * 1974-01-11 1975-10-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Implementation of octave repeat in a computor organ
US3913442A (en) * 1974-05-16 1975-10-21 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Voicing for a computor organ
US3929053A (en) * 1974-04-29 1975-12-30 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Production of glide and portamento in an electronic musical instrument
US3952623A (en) * 1974-11-12 1976-04-27 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Digital timing system for an electronic musical instrument
US3956960A (en) * 1974-07-25 1976-05-18 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Formant filtering in a computor organ
US3978755A (en) * 1974-04-23 1976-09-07 Allen Organ Company Frequency separator for digital musical instrument chorus effect
US3992971A (en) * 1974-11-15 1976-11-23 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US3992970A (en) * 1974-11-15 1976-11-23 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US3994195A (en) * 1974-11-15 1976-11-30 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US4073209A (en) * 1976-04-09 1978-02-14 Kimball International, Inc. Method and circuitry for digital-analog frequency generation
US4112803A (en) * 1975-12-29 1978-09-12 Deutsch Research Laboratories, Ltd. Ensemble and anharmonic generation in a polyphonic tone synthesizer
US4116103A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-09-26 Deutsch Research Laboratories, Ltd. Pulse width modulation in a digital tone synthesizer
US4121489A (en) * 1975-07-29 1978-10-24 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument having plural oscillators starting in phase
US4135427A (en) * 1976-04-12 1979-01-23 Deutsch Research Laboratories, Ltd. Electronic musical instrument ring modulator employing multiplication of signals
DE2936935A1 (de) * 1978-09-14 1980-04-24 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Elektronisches musikinstrument
US4270431A (en) * 1978-01-13 1981-06-02 Kimball International, Inc. Glide circuit for electronic musical instrument
US4338849A (en) * 1979-05-31 1982-07-13 Turner William D Electronic transfer organ
US4353279A (en) * 1981-02-02 1982-10-12 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Apparatus for producing ensemble tone in an electric musical instrument
US4418602A (en) * 1982-07-13 1983-12-06 Turner William D Transfer organ
US5936182A (en) * 1997-06-25 1999-08-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Kawai Gakki Seisakusho Musical tone synthesizer for reproducing a plural series of overtones having different inharmonicities
US20150071451A1 (en) * 2013-09-12 2015-03-12 Nancy Diane Moon Apparatus and Method for a Celeste in an Electronically-Orbited Speaker

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JPS5932798B2 (ja) * 1975-09-17 1984-08-10 ヤマハ株式会社 電子楽器
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JPS5862696A (ja) * 1981-10-09 1983-04-14 カシオ計算機株式会社 電子楽器
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US3910150A (en) * 1974-01-11 1975-10-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Implementation of octave repeat in a computor organ
US3908504A (en) * 1974-04-19 1975-09-30 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Harmonic modulation and loudness scaling in a computer organ
US3978755A (en) * 1974-04-23 1976-09-07 Allen Organ Company Frequency separator for digital musical instrument chorus effect
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US4418602A (en) * 1982-07-13 1983-12-06 Turner William D Transfer organ
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US20150071451A1 (en) * 2013-09-12 2015-03-12 Nancy Diane Moon Apparatus and Method for a Celeste in an Electronically-Orbited Speaker
US9286863B2 (en) * 2013-09-12 2016-03-15 Nancy Diane Moon Apparatus and method for a celeste in an electronically-orbited speaker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5324810B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-07-22
NL167047C (nl) 1981-10-15
DE2364336C3 (de) 1980-12-18
JPS4993011A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-09-04
GB1442420A (en) 1976-07-14
DE2364336A1 (de) 1974-07-18
DE2364336B2 (de) 1980-04-17
NL7317773A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-07-09
NL167047B (nl) 1981-05-15

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