US3809790A - Implementation of combined footage stops in a computor organ - Google Patents

Implementation of combined footage stops in a computor organ Download PDF

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US3809790A
US3809790A US00328302A US32830273A US3809790A US 3809790 A US3809790 A US 3809790A US 00328302 A US00328302 A US 00328302A US 32830273 A US32830273 A US 32830273A US 3809790 A US3809790 A US 3809790A
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footage
foot
harmonics
harmonic
coefficients
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R Deutsch
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Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
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Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
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Priority to DE2404431A priority patent/DE2404431C3/de
Priority to JP1300974A priority patent/JPS5326966B2/ja
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/06—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour
    • G10H1/08—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour by combining tones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H7/00—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs
    • G10H7/08—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs by calculating functions or polynomial approximations to evaluate amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform
    • G10H7/10—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs by calculating functions or polynomial approximations to evaluate amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform using coefficients or parameters stored in a memory, e.g. Fourier coefficients
    • G10H7/105—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs by calculating functions or polynomial approximations to evaluate amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform using coefficients or parameters stored in a memory, e.g. Fourier coefficients using Fourier coefficients

Definitions

  • a musician will simultaneously select two or more stops of different footage. If a l6-foot and an 8-foot stop both are actuated, the organ simultaneously will produce sounds at both the notation frequency and one octave lower.
  • An additional footage stop may be drawn to enhance certain harmonics ofthe used to enhance the fifth and 10th harmonics of a simultaneously selected 8-foot stop.
  • An objective of the present invention is the implementation of combined footage in a comp'utor organ of the type described in the above-mentioned patent applications.
  • musical sounds are generated by computing in real time the amplitudes at successive sample points of a musical waveshape and converting these amplitudes to sounds as the computations are carried out.
  • Each amplitude is obtained by individually calculating the Fourier components contributing to that waveshape.
  • a set of stored harmonic components specifies the relative amplitude of each such component; thus establishing the wave shape and hence the tonal quality of the produced sound.
  • Combined footage could be implemented in such acomputor organ by separately calculating, during each amplitude computation period, the harmonics associated with all selected stops. Should 8-foot and 1 6-foot stops simultaneously be selected, this seemingly straightforward approach would require calculation of twice the number of Fourier components normally calculated in the same time period, if only a single stop were selected. Since each sample point amplitude must be computed within a fixed time interval, such approach would require evaluation of individual components at twice the calculation speed required for a single footage stop. This is unsatisfactory, since the system speed requirements may exceed the capabilities of presently available integrated circuits. Alternatively, additional parallel computation channels could be used to evaluate the combined footage components. How'- ever, such added circuitry could as much as double the cost of the instrument.
  • the present invention provides a'novel implementation for combined footage which permits generation, e.g;, of simultaneously selected 8-foot and l6-foot stops without requiring either an increase in component calculation speed or the provision of additional computation channels.
  • the foregoing objective is achieved by taking advantage of two factors.
  • One is that the harmonics of an 8- foot series correspond to the even harmonics of a 16- foot stop. These corresponding harmonics need not be separately calculated when synthesizing a combined 8-foot and 16-foot tone.
  • certain harmonics can be eliminated without any appreciable loss in tonal quality of the synthesized organ sound.
  • the present invention utilizes both factors. During each amplitude computation interval, the computor organ calculates the Fourier components of an incomplete 8-foot harmonic spectrum, and also calculates certain low order, odd harmonics of the-l6-foot spectrum. When combined to obtain the waveshape amplitude, the resultant sound has the tonal quality of combined 8- and l6-foot stops.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates typical 8-foot and l6-foot spectra generated by a computor organ using the inventive combined footage implementation.
  • the 8-foot spectrav includes the harmonics 1 through 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16.
  • the 9th, llth, 13th and 15th harmonics are not produced. These missing harmonics do not detract appreciably from the tonal quality of the generated organ sound.
  • One reason is that for typical organ pipes, relatively little energy is contained in the higher harmonics.
  • the first eight harmonics all are present; usually these are the strongest and dominate the tone coloring.
  • a more subtle reason relates to human sound perception.
  • a psychoacoustic-effect occurs whereby the ear tends to rein sert the missing harmonics.
  • the human auditory system is non-linear, an apparent interference or beat effect occurs between the harmonics which are present.
  • the 10th harmonic appears to beat with the fundamental to provide the apparent tone coloring of the missing 9th and llth harmonics.
  • the presence of the 12th, 14th and 16th harmonics causes the ear to reconstruct the missing llth, 13th and 15th harmonic components.
  • the 8-foot harmonic components correspond to the even components of a l6.-foot series.
  • the corresponding l6-foot even harmonic components (indicated by broken lines in FIG. 1) are not separately evaluated.
  • the first four low order odd harmonics of the l6-foot series are calculated, as indicated by the solid lines in FIG. 1.
  • These l6-foot components are evaluated during the time intervals normally allocated to calculation of those components which are missing from the 8-foot spectrum.
  • the result is an effective 16- foot spectrum including the first eight harmonics, every other harmonic up to the 16th, and every fourth harmonic from the20th through the 32nd.
  • the above described psychoacoustic effect causes the apparent reinsertion of the missing lo-foot harmonics in the perceived tone.
  • excellent combined footage stops can be simulated even though only the sixteen separate components shown in solid lines in FIG. 1 are evaluated.
  • the timing. diagram of FIG. 2 illustrates how these 16 components may be evaluated within each fixedcomputation interval t, by a two-channel computor organ like that of FIG. 3.
  • One computation channel 24A is allocated to calculation of the first eight 8-foot harmonics, as designated by the large numerals in the top row of FIG. 2.
  • the remaining high order 8-foot harmonic components, and the four low order, odd harmonics of the 16-foot series are evaluated in a parallel computation channel 248.
  • the small numerals in FIG. 2 designate the l6-foot components which correspond to the generated 8-foot components; these l6-foot components, indicated by the broken lines of FIG. 1, are not separately calculated by the computor organ.
  • the inventive combined footage implementation also permits generation of other foundation stops.
  • the 4-foot, 2-foot and l-foot foundation stops will have no missing components, even though the 8-foot series is incomplete.
  • the 2 /a-foot and l 3/5-foot stops respectively will have two and one missing components.
  • these stops normally a-re selected to enhance specific harmonics in an 8-foot series, the missing components will have little practical effect on the perceived organ tones.
  • FIG. 1 shows the harmonic spectra of combined 8- foot and 16-foot stops as synthesized by a computor organ using the inventive combined footage implementation.
  • FIG. 2 is a timing diagram indicating the calculation intervals during which the spectral components of FIG. 1 are evaluated within each computor organ computation interval.
  • FIG. 3 is an electrical block diagram of a computor organ employing the combined footage implementation of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4A through 4F show spectra of other'footage stops implemented with the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an electrical block diagram showing a modification to the system of FIG. 3 for implementing the other footages of FIG. 4.
  • the waveshape amplitude is computed for successive sample points at regular time intervals t Within each such interval t, the first eight harmonics of the 8-foot spectra (FIG. 1) are separately evaluated in a first processing channel 24A. Within each same interval 1, the first four odd harmonics of the 16400: spectra (FIG. 1 and the 10th, 12th,
  • 14th and 16th 8-foot harmonic components are evaluated in a second parallel processing channel 248.
  • the amplitude contribution F1 of each 8-foot component is evaluated inaccor; dance with the following relationship:
  • R is a frequency number associated with the note selected at the keyboard switches 12.
  • the number n designates the harmonic component being evaluated.
  • n l,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,l0,12,14,16 corresponding respectively to the harmonics shown in solid lines in FIG. 1.
  • n l ,3, 5,7-and wherein C is a harmonic coefficient specifying the relative amplitude of the respective n'th 16-foot harmonic component.
  • a set of frequency numbers R corresponding to the notes of the instrument is stored in a frequency number memory 39.
  • a note inter- 2O val adder 40 contains the value qR identifying the sample point at which the waveshape amplitude presently is being evaluated. This value qR is incremented at the beginning of each computation interval by adding the selected frequency number R to the previous contents of the adder 40. To this end, the value R is gated to the adder 40 via a gate 41 enabled by the t signal on the line 27.
  • the adder 40 is of modulo W/2.
  • the present value qR contained in the note interval adder is entered into 35 the harmonic interval adder 42 via a line 43 and a gate 44 enabled by the pulses on the line 36.
  • the value qR is added to the previous contents of the adder 42.
  • the harmonic interval adder 42 will contain the 4 An address decoder 45a accesses from a sinusoid 45 table 46a the value sin (1r/ W) nqR corresponding to the argument nqR received via a line 47 from the harmonic interval adder 42.
  • the sinusoid table 46a may comprise a read-only memory storing values of sin (rr/W) 0 for 0 s 0 2W at intervals of D, where D is called the resolution constant of the memory.
  • the multiplication product represents the amplitude F,," of the n" low order 8-foot harmonic component, and is supplied via a line 50a, an adder 51 and a line 52 to the accumulator 25.
  • the appropriate coefficient C is accessed from a harmonic coefficient memory 53a, described in more detail below, under the direction of a memory address control 54a also receiving the signals I,.,,, through via the line 36.
  • the coefficient C, is supplied to the multiplier 49a via a line 55a.
  • the output of the divider 57, corresponding to the value q(R/2) is entered into the harmonic interval adder 56 via the line 59'.
  • .An address decoder 45b accesses from a' sinusoid table 46b the value sin (1r/W)[q(,R/2)] corresponding to'the argument q( R/2) received'from the harmonic interval adder 56 via an OR gate 61.
  • the coefficient C is obtained via a line 55b from a harmonic coefficient memory 53b accessed by a memory address control 54b also receiving the timing signals tc101 through t via the line 36.
  • the multiplication product, representing the amplitude F is supplied via a line 50b to the adder 51.
  • the adder 51 adds the'component F to the component F which is concurrently evaluated in the channel 24A.
  • the sum lator 25 is obtained via a line 55b from a harmonic coefficient memory 53b accessed by a memory address control 54b also receiving the timing signals tc101 through t via the line 36.
  • the multiplication product, representing the amplitude F is supplied via a line 50b to the adder 51.
  • the adder 51 adds the'component F to the component F which is concurrently evaluated in the channel 24A.
  • the sum lator 25 is obtained via a line 55b from a harmonic coefficient memory 53b accessed by a memory address control 54b also receiving the timing signals tc101 through t via
  • Thusfaf timefijffie 7 56 will contain the value n'q( R/2) 3q(R/2) (R/2) qR.
  • the contents of the adder 56 will be 5q(R/2) (R/2) 2qR and 7q(R/2) (R/2) 3qR respectively.
  • the values qR, '2qR and 3qR- already are present on the line 43 from the adder 40.
  • the address decoder 45b and sinusoid table 46b operate as before to supply the designated sin values via the lines 48b to the multiplier 49 for multiplication by the corresponding harmonic coefficients C 440 C and c respectively.
  • a gate 65 enabled by the timing signals on the line 35 supplies the value nqR from the line 47 to a multiply-by-two multiplier circuit 66.
  • the output 2nqR from the multiplier 66 is provided via a line 67 and the OR-gate 61 to the address decoder Recall that at time r the contents of the harmonic.
  • interval adder 42 is nqR 5qR. Accordingly, at the interval t the argument ZnqR l OqR will 'be provided is supplied via the line 52 to the accumuadder table 46b. This is exactly the argument lOqR) necessary to calculate the th 8-foot harmonic component.
  • the sinusoid table 45b, the multiplier 49b and the harmonic coefficient memory 53b operate as above described to provide the value F via the line 50b to the adder 51.
  • the computor organ calculates exactly those components shown as solid lines in FIG. 1.
  • the generated waveshape, the sample point amplitude of which are obtained in the accumulator 25, has a harmonic spectra characteristic of combined-footage.
  • the resultant sounds produced by the computor organ 20 of FIG. 3 have the tonal quality of simultaneously selected 8-foot and 16-foot stops.
  • the values R for notes of lower frequency readily can I be ascertained, knowing that the frequency ratio of any two' contiguous notes in an equally tempered musical scale is" ⁇ /[ In general, the frequency numbers R for notes other than that of highest frequency f will be non-integers.
  • the following Table II lists the frequency and frequency number R for each notein octave six.
  • the note C (the key of C in octave 7) is designated as the note of highest fundamental frequency produced by the computor organ 20, and hence is assigned the frequency number R of unity.
  • the computor organ 20 (FIG. 3) can produce other footage stops such as those having the spectra of FIGS. 4A.through 4F.
  • Separate memories store the harmonic coefficients for each stop; in each memory the coefficient value zero is stored for all harmonic absent in the spectra of the associated stop. A switchingarrangement permits selction by the musician of any one or more footage stops.
  • the computor organ 20 will generate an 8-foot voice having the incomplete harmonic spectra shown in solid lines in FIGS. 1 and 4A.
  • the memory 81a contains coefficient values C through C inclusive. These values are supplied to the multiplier 49a via the adder 73a, the
  • the memory 81b contains the harmonic coefficients C C 2, C1 and C stored in locations accessed during the successive time intervals t,.,, through r
  • the memory 81b stores the value zero in those locations accessed at times r through r
  • the value zero is supplied from the memory 81b via the OR-gate 71 and the adder 73b to the multiplier 49b. Accordingly, the channel 248 makes no contribution to the computed waveshape during those time intervals when, were a 16-foot stop also selected, the first four low order, 16-foot odd harmonics would be computed.
  • the memories 81a, 81b provide the coefficients describedabove, resulting in production of the incomplete 8-foot spectra of FIG. 1.
  • a memory 82b stores the harmonic coefficient values C C C and C in locations accessed during the successive intervals 2 through 1 These values are supplied via the OR- gate 71 and the adder 73b to the multiplier 49b. Accordingly, when both the ST,, and ST stop tabs are selected, the memories 81a, 81b and 82b together function exactly like the memories 53a, 53b of FIGS, and the combined 8-foot and l6-foot spectra of F1G.'l is generated.
  • a 16-foot spectra alone can be generated by closing only the switch ST
  • the memory 82b provides the coefficients appropriate to generate the first four 16-foot odd harmonics.
  • the first eight l6-foot even harmonics are generated with coefficients provided by the memory 81a.
  • a 4-foot voice is produced when the switch 5T is closed.
  • Table III also lists the contents of the harmonic coefficient memories 84a through 87b used with these footage stopsj
  • the coefficient values given in Table III are illustrative of a diapason voice; other values may be used to provide different voicing. However, those stored zero valued coefficients should remain zero to insure generation of spectra like those of FIGS. 4C through 4F.
  • the shorter footage stops often are used to enhance certain harmonics of another stop. This is illustrated by the spectra of FIGS. 4A and 4F for the case when an 8-foot and l 3/5-foot stop simultaneously are selected. In this instance, the fifth and 10th 8-foot harmonics are emphasized. These harmonics have the resultant amplitudes shown by broken lines 90, 91 in FIG. 4A, and specified by the sums of the harmonic coefficients of both selected stops.
  • non-zero coefficient values are accessed from both the memories 81b and 87b.
  • the latter is supplied via the OR-gate 72b and the adders 75b, 74b to the adder 73b where it is summed with the coefficient accessed from the memory 81b.
  • the sum is supplied via the line 55b to the multiplier 49b.
  • the evaluated 10th 8-foot harmonic has the enhanced amplitude shown by the broken line 91 in FIG. 4A.
  • At all times other than r zero-valued coefficients are accessed from the 'l 3/5-foot memories 87a, 87b so that the other harmonics of the 8-foot series are not enhanced.
  • the computor organ 20 of FIG. 3 readily may be implemented using conventional microelectronic. integrated circuits ICs).
  • the, frequency number memory 39 may comprise an IC read-only memory programmed to contain the frequency numbers R listed in Table 11 above.
  • a useful 1C read-only memory is the Signetics type 8223 which is user programmable and includes addressing circuitry.
  • Such an IC also may be used as the harmonic coefficient memory 53a, 53b 70a or 70b, with the self-contained addressing circuitry serving as the associated memory address decoder 54a, 54b, 540, or 54b.
  • Typical stored harmonic coefficient values are listed in Tables I and III.
  • the adders 40, 42 and 56 may be implemented using conventional IC adders; such circuits include the Signetics 8260 arithmetic logic element, the Sign etics 8268 gated full adder, and the Texas Instruments SN 5483 and SN 7483 4-bit binary full adders.
  • the adjectives note interval and harmonic interval are used to indicate the function of the adder in the computor organ 20.
  • the contents qR of the adder 25 designates the sample point interval at which the note amplitude presently is being evaluated.
  • the adders 42 and 56 contain the values nqR specifying the sample point intervals of the 8-foot harmonics being evaluated in the respective channels 24A and 248.
  • the accumulator 25 may comprise IC adders connected as shown e.g., in the standard text by Ivan Flores entitled Computor Logic, Prentice-Hall, 1960.
  • 45b may comprise an IC read-only memory containing sinusoid values with appropriate resolution D. Memories preprogrammed with sinusoid values are available commercially, as typified by the Texas Instruments TMS 4405 integrated circuit.
  • the multipliers 49a, 49b are conventional, the adjective harmonic amplitude indicating that the circuit multiplies the sin value (from the line 48a or 48b) by the appropriate harmonic coefficient (from the line 55a or 55b) to obtain as a product the amplitude of the harmonic component then being calculated in the channel 24A, 248 containing the multiplier.
  • the remaining components of the computor organ 20 (FIG. 3) are conventional.
  • first means for calculating an incomplete set of harmonics ofa first footage voice from said storedcoefficients during certain calculation subintervals within each regular interval t second means for calculating, during other calculation subintervals within each such interval t harmonics associated with a voice of footage different from said first footage, and third means for obtaining eachwaveshape amplitude by combining all components calculated during each time interval 1,.
  • a musical instrument wherein said first footage voice is an 8-foot stop, wherein said different footage voice is a l6-foot stop, and wherein said second means includes a memory storing a set of harmonic coefficients for said 16-foot stop, said set including non-zero coefficients only for odd l 6-foot harmonics, calculation of both said 8-foot incomplete set sical notes having the tonal quality ofa stop of footage shorter than said first footage.
  • a musical instrument accordingto claim 3 including;
  • first memory means connected to provide to said first means a set of harmonic coefficients associated with said first footage.
  • voice and a second memory means connected to provide to said first means a selected separate set of harmonic coefficients associated with another voice of shorter footage, the spectra of said shorter footage voice including only some harmonics of said first footage, said set of shorter footage coefficients including non,-zero valued coefficients only for said some harmonics, allother coefficients being zero valued,
  • a musical instrument providing combined footage comprising: I
  • parallel processing channels for calculating within a regular'time interval t, first and second subsets of Fourier components associated with the amplitude of a musical waveshape at a certain sample point, said first subset including harmonic components of a first footage which correspond to even harmonics of a second footage of lower.
  • note selection means for'providing a value R associated with a selected note, means for providing to said first channel the values nqR for certain values of n within each regular time interval t, means forproviding to said second channel values nqR for certain non-consecutive values of n and values n'q(R/2) for certain odd valuesof n, accumulator means for combining the Fourier com- 'ponents calculated .by said processing channels during each time interval t, to obtain the waveshape amplitude at said certain sample point, control means for causing said processing channels and said accumulator means to perform said calculating and combining operations repetitively for successive sample points during successive time intervals t and converter means for producing musical sounds from said obtained amplitudes as said calculating and combining are carried out in real time, said sounds having a tonal quality characteristic of combined footage,
  • each processing channel comprises:
  • a multiplier for multiplying the appropriate harmonic coefficient from said memory means by said obtained sin value and providing the product to said accumulator means.
  • separate memory means storing harmonic coefficients associated respectively with said other footage stops, and I stop selection means for accessing from said separate memory means coefficients associated with selected other footage stops and for providing said accessed coefficients to said multipliers.
  • a storage device for storing a set of harmonic coefficients for another voice of shorter footage, said set including non-zero valued coefficients only for components corresponding to certain harmonics of said first subset, all other coefficients being zerovalued, and
  • switching means for connecting to said parallel processing channels said storage device and the memory containing said first subset of 8-foot harmonic coefficients, so that during each regular time interval t those 8-foot harmonic components also included in the spectra of said shorter footage voice are enhanced.

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US3884108A (en) * 1974-01-11 1975-05-20 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Production of ensemble in a computor organ
US3888153A (en) * 1973-06-28 1975-06-10 Nippon Gakki Seiko Kk Anharmonic overtone generation in a computor organ
US3894463A (en) * 1973-11-26 1975-07-15 Canadian Patents Dev Digital tone generator
US3908504A (en) * 1974-04-19 1975-09-30 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Harmonic modulation and loudness scaling in a computer organ
US3910150A (en) * 1974-01-11 1975-10-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Implementation of octave repeat in a computor organ
US3913442A (en) * 1974-05-16 1975-10-21 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Voicing for a computor organ
US3915047A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-10-28 Ibm Apparatus for attaching a musical instrument to a computer
DE2524062A1 (de) * 1974-05-31 1975-12-11 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Elektronisches musikinstrument mit vibratoerzeugung
DE2523881A1 (de) * 1974-05-31 1975-12-11 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Elektronisches musikinstrument mit rauschueberlagerungseffekt
US3926088A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-12-16 Ibm Apparatus for processing music as data
US3929053A (en) * 1974-04-29 1975-12-30 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Production of glide and portamento in an electronic musical instrument
US3951030A (en) * 1974-09-26 1976-04-20 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Implementation of delayed vibrato in a computor organ
US3952623A (en) * 1974-11-12 1976-04-27 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Digital timing system for an electronic musical instrument
US3956960A (en) * 1974-07-25 1976-05-18 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Formant filtering in a computor organ
US3972259A (en) * 1974-09-26 1976-08-03 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Production of pulse width modulation tonal effects in a computor organ
US3978755A (en) * 1974-04-23 1976-09-07 Allen Organ Company Frequency separator for digital musical instrument chorus effect
US3992970A (en) * 1974-11-15 1976-11-23 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US3992971A (en) * 1974-11-15 1976-11-23 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US3994195A (en) * 1974-11-15 1976-11-30 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US4103582A (en) * 1976-04-02 1978-08-01 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US4108039A (en) * 1976-08-09 1978-08-22 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Switch selectable harmonic strength control for a tone synthesizer
US4119005A (en) * 1973-03-10 1978-10-10 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha System for generating tone source waveshapes
US4149440A (en) * 1976-03-16 1979-04-17 Deforeit Christian J Polyphonic computer organ
US4202234A (en) * 1976-04-28 1980-05-13 National Research Development Corporation Digital generator for musical notes
US4257303A (en) * 1978-07-31 1981-03-24 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument of partials synthesis type
US4437377A (en) 1981-04-30 1984-03-20 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Digital electronic musical instrument
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US4532848A (en) * 1984-01-09 1985-08-06 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Generation of mutation pitches in an electronic musical instrument

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USRE31648E (en) * 1973-03-10 1984-08-21 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha System for generating tone source waveshapes
US4119005A (en) * 1973-03-10 1978-10-10 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha System for generating tone source waveshapes
US3888153A (en) * 1973-06-28 1975-06-10 Nippon Gakki Seiko Kk Anharmonic overtone generation in a computor organ
US3894463A (en) * 1973-11-26 1975-07-15 Canadian Patents Dev Digital tone generator
US3915047A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-10-28 Ibm Apparatus for attaching a musical instrument to a computer
US3926088A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-12-16 Ibm Apparatus for processing music as data
US3910150A (en) * 1974-01-11 1975-10-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Implementation of octave repeat in a computor organ
US3884108A (en) * 1974-01-11 1975-05-20 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Production of ensemble in a computor organ
US3908504A (en) * 1974-04-19 1975-09-30 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Harmonic modulation and loudness scaling in a computer organ
US3978755A (en) * 1974-04-23 1976-09-07 Allen Organ Company Frequency separator for digital musical instrument chorus effect
US3929053A (en) * 1974-04-29 1975-12-30 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Production of glide and portamento in an electronic musical instrument
US3913442A (en) * 1974-05-16 1975-10-21 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Voicing for a computor organ
DE2524062A1 (de) * 1974-05-31 1975-12-11 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Elektronisches musikinstrument mit vibratoerzeugung
DE2523881A1 (de) * 1974-05-31 1975-12-11 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Elektronisches musikinstrument mit rauschueberlagerungseffekt
US3956960A (en) * 1974-07-25 1976-05-18 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Formant filtering in a computor organ
US3951030A (en) * 1974-09-26 1976-04-20 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Implementation of delayed vibrato in a computor organ
US3972259A (en) * 1974-09-26 1976-08-03 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Production of pulse width modulation tonal effects in a computor organ
US3952623A (en) * 1974-11-12 1976-04-27 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Digital timing system for an electronic musical instrument
US3992970A (en) * 1974-11-15 1976-11-23 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
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US3994195A (en) * 1974-11-15 1976-11-30 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US4149440A (en) * 1976-03-16 1979-04-17 Deforeit Christian J Polyphonic computer organ
US4103582A (en) * 1976-04-02 1978-08-01 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US4202234A (en) * 1976-04-28 1980-05-13 National Research Development Corporation Digital generator for musical notes
US4108039A (en) * 1976-08-09 1978-08-22 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Switch selectable harmonic strength control for a tone synthesizer
US4257303A (en) * 1978-07-31 1981-03-24 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument of partials synthesis type
US4437377A (en) 1981-04-30 1984-03-20 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Digital electronic musical instrument
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2404431A1 (de) 1974-08-01
DE2404431B2 (de) 1980-04-10
JPS49102322A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-09-27
JPS5326966B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-08-05
DE2404431C3 (de) 1980-12-18

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