US3809541A - Vanadium-containing tool steel article - Google Patents

Vanadium-containing tool steel article Download PDF

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Publication number
US3809541A
US3809541A US00300094A US30009472A US3809541A US 3809541 A US3809541 A US 3809541A US 00300094 A US00300094 A US 00300094A US 30009472 A US30009472 A US 30009472A US 3809541 A US3809541 A US 3809541A
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United States
Prior art keywords
vanadium
steel
tool
article
carbon
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00300094A
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English (en)
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G Steven
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Crucible Materials Corp
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Individual
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Priority to US00300094A priority Critical patent/US3809541A/en
Priority to GB4816473A priority patent/GB1394316A/en
Priority to CA183,610A priority patent/CA981490A/en
Priority to DE2352620A priority patent/DE2352620B2/de
Priority to AT898773A priority patent/AT334937B/de
Priority to SE7314386A priority patent/SE395289C/xx
Priority to BR8257/73A priority patent/BR7308257D0/pt
Priority to ES419865A priority patent/ES419865A1/es
Priority to IT53318/73A priority patent/IT994794B/it
Priority to JP11904573A priority patent/JPS5427817B2/ja
Priority to FR7337912A priority patent/FR2203887B1/fr
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Publication of US3809541A publication Critical patent/US3809541A/en
Assigned to COLT INDUSTRIES OPERATING CORP. reassignment COLT INDUSTRIES OPERATING CORP. MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME Assignors: CRUCIBLE CENTER COMPANY (INTO) CRUCIBLE INC. (CHANGED TO)
Assigned to CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION reassignment CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: COLT INDUSTRIES OPERATING CORP.
Assigned to MELLON BANK, N.A. FOR THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK (NATIONAL ASSOCIATION) AND MELLON BANK N.A., CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, THE (NATIONAL ASSOCIATION) AS AGENT reassignment MELLON BANK, N.A. FOR THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK (NATIONAL ASSOCIATION) AND MELLON BANK N.A. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). 1ST Assignors: CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.
Assigned to MELLON FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION, MELLON BANK, N.A. AS AGENT FOR MELLON BANK N.A. & MELLON FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION reassignment MELLON FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). 2ND Assignors: CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.
Assigned to CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION reassignment CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MELLON BANK, N.A.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/1208—Containers or coating used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%

Definitions

  • Wear resistance is promoted by high hardness and, particularly, by high MC-type (vanadium) carbide content of the tool steel.
  • toughnesscommonly measured in terms of impact strength also contributes to tool life in that, particularly in intermittent cutting applications, the tool is able to withstand repeated impacts during cutting without breaking.
  • the combination of high wear resistance and high toughness is diflicult to achieve, because of the MC-type carbide content is increased by the necessary changes in the composition of the steel, the toughness or impact resistance of the steel decreases.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the amount of MC-type (vanadium) carbide in the as-hardened structure of conventional high-speed steels AISI M1, M4 and T15;
  • FIG. 2 is a similar graph showing the efiect of MC-type (vanadium) carbide contents on the toughness of these three conventional steels when heat treated to a hardness of R 65;
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the MC-type (vanadium) carbide contents of these three conventional steels on the wear resistance when heat treated to a hardness of R 64;
  • FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph of a steel compact in accordance with the present'invention showing the carbide size and distribution thereof at a magnification of 1000 and
  • FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph showing the prior austenite grain size of the compact of FIG. 4 at a magnification of 1000X.
  • the tool steel of the invention consists essentially of, in weight percent, carbon 1.5 to 1.6, chromium 3.5 to 4.5, vanadium 2.5 to 3.5, tungsten 9 to 11, molybdenum 4.5 to 5.5, cobalt 8.0 to 12.5, manganese up to 1, silicon up to 1, nitrogen .02 to .08 and balance iron.
  • this steel is used in the form of powder of about minus 16 mesh US. Standard. This powder is placed in a metal container, which is gas tight.
  • the container is heated to an elevated temperature in excess of about 2000 F. and during the initial stages of heating its interior is pumped to a low pressure whereupon the gaseous reaction products and principally those resulting from the reaction of carbon and oxygen are removed from the interior of the container, which operation is termed as outgassing. Thereafter and upon rernoval of the gaseous reaction products, the container is heated to or above the desired compacting temperature,
  • Compacting may be achieved by use of a mechanical apparatus wherein the sealed container is placed in a die and a ram is inserted therein? to compact the container and charge.
  • the container may be placed in a fluid-pressure vessel, 'corn 1900 F.
  • compacting to this density' may be i achieved by a plurality of separate compacting" opera-'- tions, and the powder charge may be precompacted to a low density, e.g. 60%, prior to outgassing.
  • a low density e.g. 60%
  • the articles are austenitized at a temperature on the order of 2170 F. and then hardened during cooling.
  • the austenitizing step involves heating to a temperature sufiicient to dissolve, to a considerable extent, the.
  • carbide phases present in the microstructure of the steel After quenching from the austenitizing temperature, the article is subjected to reheating at a lower temperature in which case carbide-forming elements, e.g. vanadium, tungsten ,and molybdenum, are precipitated in the form of fine carbides. This, of course, produces the secondary hardening necessary for high-speed cutting applications.
  • carbide-forming elements e.g. vanadium, tungsten ,and molybdenum
  • the restricted combination of carbon and vanadium in the alloy achieves the result of a good combination of wear resistance and toughness.
  • the cobalt present in the alloy contributes to the retention of hardness at high temperature, to which the alloy articles are subjected during high-speed cutting use. Nitrogen is necessary to achieve a desired fine carbide distribution. Both molybdenum and tungsten within the recited limits are necessary to obtain suflicient heat resistance for operation of a cutting tool at high speeds.
  • powdered charges of steels A, B, C and D of Table I were made by conventional gas atomizing and screened to a size consist of minus 16 mesh US. Standard.
  • Each of the particle charges of steels A, B, C and D were processed in the following manner.
  • a particle charge of A and B was placed in a mild-steel cylinder about 6" length and having a diameter of 5 /2".
  • the particle charge of C and D was filled into a cylinder about 48" length and having a diameter of about 11".
  • the particle-filled container was heated to a temperature of about 2100 F. for about 5 hours, and during the early stages of heating the interior of the container was connected to a vacuum pump which was used to remove the gaseous reaction products from the container.
  • the container and charge were compacted to achieve a density of about 99% of theoretical by the use of an isostatic compaction pressure of 15,000 p.s.i. in a gas pressure vessel with nitrogen being the gaseous pressure medium employed.
  • the compacted article was forged into 1" square bars.
  • the bars were then austenitized at 2160" F. for 2 minutes and then oil quenched. Microscopic examination of these bars showed a uniform dispersion of carbides in an iron-rich alloy matrix, and further that the carbide phase particles were predominantly less than 3 microns in size.
  • Steels A, B, and C as a group were distinctly superior to steel D as well as to AISI Type T15 high-performance high-speed tool steel.
  • tool life increased from steel A to steel B to steel C, i.e., in the order of the increasing carbon or vanadium carbide contents, as expected.
  • a definite criticality of the carbon content of the inventive steel in the range of 1.50 to 1.60% is indicated. This finding is even more surprising when the higher hardness of steel B (R 69.5) in comparison to steel A (R, 68.5) and steel D (R 68.5) is taken into consideration. As explained hereinabove, at this higher hardness, one would expect that the toughness of the tool bit of steel B, as demonstrated by intermittent cut tool life, would decrease.
  • a full dense, tool-steel, powder-metallurgy compacted article produced from prealloyed tool-steel powder consisting essentially of, in weight percent, carbon 1.5 to 1.6, chromium 3.5 to 4.5, vanadium 2.5 to 3.5, tungsten 9 to 11, molybdenum 4.5 to 5.5, cobalt 8.0 to 12.5, manganese up to 1, silicon up to 1, nitrogen .02 to .08 and balance iron.
  • the article of claim 1 having a substantially uniform carbide dispersion with the carbide particles predominantly less than three microns in size.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
US00300094A 1972-10-24 1972-10-24 Vanadium-containing tool steel article Expired - Lifetime US3809541A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00300094A US3809541A (en) 1972-10-24 1972-10-24 Vanadium-containing tool steel article
GB4816473A GB1394316A (en) 1972-10-24 1973-10-16 Vanadium-containing tool steel article thereof and method for producing the same
CA183,610A CA981490A (en) 1972-10-24 1973-10-17 Vanadium-containing tool steel, article thereof and method for producing the same
DE2352620A DE2352620B2 (de) 1972-10-24 1973-10-19 Pulvermetallurgisch hergestelltes Schnellarbeitsstahlerzeugnis mit hoher Härte und Zähigkeit
SE7314386A SE395289C (sv) 1972-10-24 1973-10-23 Verktygsstalprodukt och sett att framstella dylik
BR8257/73A BR7308257D0 (pt) 1972-10-24 1973-10-23 Aco para ferramentas,artigo compactado e denso de aco para ferramentas produzido por metalurgia de po e processo de producao dos ditos artigos
ES419865A ES419865A1 (es) 1972-10-24 1973-10-23 Un metodo para producir un articulo de acero de herramien- tas.
AT898773A AT334937B (de) 1972-10-24 1973-10-23 Verfahren zur herstellung von werkstucken aus werkzeugstahl
IT53318/73A IT994794B (it) 1972-10-24 1973-10-24 Processo per produrre utensili di acciaio al vanadio e relati vi utensili
JP11904573A JPS5427817B2 (ja) 1972-10-24 1973-10-24
FR7337912A FR2203887B1 (ja) 1972-10-24 1973-10-24

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00300094A US3809541A (en) 1972-10-24 1972-10-24 Vanadium-containing tool steel article

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US3809541A true US3809541A (en) 1974-05-07

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US00300094A Expired - Lifetime US3809541A (en) 1972-10-24 1972-10-24 Vanadium-containing tool steel article

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3809541A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5427817B2 (ja)
AT (1) AT334937B (ja)
BR (1) BR7308257D0 (ja)
CA (1) CA981490A (ja)
DE (1) DE2352620B2 (ja)
ES (1) ES419865A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2203887B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1394316A (ja)
IT (1) IT994794B (ja)
SE (1) SE395289C (ja)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3850621A (en) * 1972-12-27 1974-11-26 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Gmbh High-speed tool steels
US4140527A (en) * 1976-05-21 1979-02-20 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Nitrogen containing powder metallurgical tool steel
US4242130A (en) * 1977-12-27 1980-12-30 Thyssen Edelstahlwerke Ag High-speed steel
WO1981003451A1 (en) * 1980-05-30 1981-12-10 Uk Nii Spezial Stalei Splavov Method of making tool articles with steel powders
US4780139A (en) * 1985-01-16 1988-10-25 Kloster Speedsteel Ab Tool steel
US5435827A (en) * 1991-08-07 1995-07-25 Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag High speed steel manufactured by power metallurgy
US5525140A (en) * 1991-08-07 1996-06-11 Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag High speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy
US6162275A (en) * 1997-03-11 2000-12-19 Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag Steel and a heat treated tool thereof manufactured by an integrated powder metalurgical process and use of the steel for tools
US20100233500A1 (en) * 2009-03-12 2010-09-16 Boehler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co Kg Cold-forming steel article

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58175712U (ja) * 1982-05-18 1983-11-24 藤原　利一 カフス釦
CH680137A5 (ja) * 1989-12-22 1992-06-30 Htm Ag
WO1993002819A1 (en) * 1991-08-07 1993-02-18 Kloster Speedsteel Aktiebolag High-speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy
FR2754275B1 (fr) * 1996-10-04 1998-12-24 Thyssen France Sa Perfectionnements apportes aux aciers pour outils de mise en forme
CN111690800B (zh) * 2020-06-16 2022-02-18 北京首钢吉泰安新材料有限公司 拉丝机塔轮用钢及其制备方法、拉丝机塔轮及应用
CN113814400A (zh) * 2021-08-18 2021-12-21 泉州市宇豪粉末冶金有限公司 一种插秧机秧针的生产工艺
FR3146063A1 (fr) 2023-02-23 2024-08-30 Capsum Produit comprenant une composition liquide et une composition solide comprenant au moins une cavité
FR3147713A1 (fr) 2023-04-13 2024-10-18 Capsum Dispersion cosmétique stabilisée par suspension stérique

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB873529A (en) * 1958-08-12 1961-07-26 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Improvements in and relating to cast high-speed steel tools
US3150444A (en) * 1962-04-26 1964-09-29 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Method of producing alloy steel
US3556780A (en) * 1966-01-03 1971-01-19 Iit Res Inst Process for producing carbide-containing alloy
US3561934A (en) * 1967-09-11 1971-02-09 Crucible Inc Sintered steel particles containing dispersed carbides

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3850621A (en) * 1972-12-27 1974-11-26 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Gmbh High-speed tool steels
US4140527A (en) * 1976-05-21 1979-02-20 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Nitrogen containing powder metallurgical tool steel
US4242130A (en) * 1977-12-27 1980-12-30 Thyssen Edelstahlwerke Ag High-speed steel
WO1981003451A1 (en) * 1980-05-30 1981-12-10 Uk Nii Spezial Stalei Splavov Method of making tool articles with steel powders
US4780139A (en) * 1985-01-16 1988-10-25 Kloster Speedsteel Ab Tool steel
US5435827A (en) * 1991-08-07 1995-07-25 Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag High speed steel manufactured by power metallurgy
US5525140A (en) * 1991-08-07 1996-06-11 Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag High speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy
US6162275A (en) * 1997-03-11 2000-12-19 Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag Steel and a heat treated tool thereof manufactured by an integrated powder metalurgical process and use of the steel for tools
US20100233500A1 (en) * 2009-03-12 2010-09-16 Boehler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co Kg Cold-forming steel article
US8298313B2 (en) * 2009-03-12 2012-10-30 Boehler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co Kg Cold-forming steel article

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5427817B2 (ja) 1979-09-12
FR2203887A1 (ja) 1974-05-17
DE2352620A1 (de) 1974-05-02
BR7308257D0 (pt) 1974-06-27
AT334937B (de) 1977-02-10
GB1394316A (en) 1975-05-14
SE395289C (sv) 1987-02-02
FR2203887B1 (ja) 1976-10-01
ES419865A1 (es) 1976-07-01
ATA898773A (de) 1976-06-15
IT994794B (it) 1975-10-20
DE2352620B2 (de) 1979-05-17
CA981490A (en) 1976-01-13
SE395289B (sv) 1977-09-05
JPS4994515A (ja) 1974-09-07

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