US3809524A - Injection of liquid fuels into shaft furnaces - Google Patents

Injection of liquid fuels into shaft furnaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3809524A
US3809524A US00269556A US26955672A US3809524A US 3809524 A US3809524 A US 3809524A US 00269556 A US00269556 A US 00269556A US 26955672 A US26955672 A US 26955672A US 3809524 A US3809524 A US 3809524A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tuyere
generatrix
blast
nose
curved
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00269556A
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English (en)
Inventor
P Bruhlet
G Quillet
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Compagnie Francaise de Raffinage SA
Wendel Sidelor SA
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Individual
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/16—Tuyéres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the injecting of liquid fuels into a shaft furnace, and more particularly to the injection of fuel into a blast furnace.
  • Methods and devices are known for injecting fuel into the nozzle or tuyere of a shaft furnace in which the fuel is injected into the blast via injectors or blowpipes under a relatively high pressure.
  • the average size of the injected droplets of fuel is generally too large and the combustion becomes defective when the rate of the injection of the fuel is increased.
  • a process in which the fuel is injected into a tuyere, preferably in the formof a Laval tuyere.
  • the fuel previously atomized by an'auxiliary gas, is injected therein into the blast, in a convergence.
  • the convergence isfollowed by a divergence of linear profile, the'half angle of which is between and 7.5, and preferably between 0 and 35.
  • This process has the purpose of imparting to the blast-fuel mixture at speed of departure from the tuyere which is equal to or greater than mach 1 so as to permit the penetration of said mixture to the center of the blast furnace (Belgian Patent 39,431).
  • An object of the present invention is to avoid these substantial variations in the impulse of the gases entering the hearth as a function of the amount of fuel injected, which may vary between zero and stoichiometry and even beyond, while assuring the best conditions of combustion. .that is to say, reducing the formation of carbon soot to a minimum.
  • an embodiment of the present invention is a process for introducing through the tuyeres into the hearth of a shaft furnace, a blast mixture, whether with added oxygen or not, and large quantities of atomized liquid fuel, in which process:
  • liquid fuel isatomized by the blast at a speed of be tween mach 0.3 and mach l;
  • Another embodiment of the invention consists of a shaft furnace tuyere for the carrying out of said process, in which:
  • the feed conduit for the atomized liquid fuel/blast mixture has the shape of a curved diffuser any generatrix of which is a curve the equation of which has a second derivative which is always positive;
  • a line tangent to the end of any curved generatrix forms with a line tangent to the point of origin of said generatrix an angle at most equal to 15, and preferably between 10 and 12.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is a shaft furnace tuyere for the carrying out of the said process, in
  • the feed conduit for the atomized liquid fuel-blast mixture has the shape of a curved diffuser any generatrix of which is a curve whose equation has a second derivative which is always positive, the said curved diffuser being extended by a linear diffuser;
  • the generatrix of the linear portion forms with a line tangent to the origin of the curved generatrix with which it connects, an angle at most equal to 15, and preferably between 10 and 12;
  • a line tangent to the end of any curved generatrix forms with the line tangent to the origin of said generatrix an angle at most equal to 15 and preferably between 10 and 12.
  • the conditions of flow of the fuel injection blast and in particular the amount of impulse of the mixture at the nose of the tuyere and the losses in pressure in the blast feed conduit, are not substantially changed as compared with a blowing of the shaft furnace without fuel injection, whatever the amount of fuel injected.
  • the invention furthermore makes it possible to vary the rate of injection without modifying the diameter at the nose of the tuyeres. ln particular, it makes it possible to inject. under good conditions, very large quantities of fuel into the shaft furnace and to do this with all the progressiveness desired.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section through the inner profile of the blast feed conduit at the outlet into the shaft furnace in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a section through the same profile, the downstream part of which has'been modified in accordance with adifferent embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal diagrammatic section through a blast furnace tuyere in accordance with the invention.
  • the invention consists in feeding to the nose of the tuyere a mixture of fuel and combustion-supporting agent, ready to be ignited and burned'intensely upon its arrival at the nose of the tuyeres, without prior ignition in the blast conduit and with a minimum cracking of the fuel.
  • the atomization is effected economically in known manner by injection of the liquid fuel into the hot blast brought to high speed by passage through a portion of conduit of suitable section a.
  • the distribution-of the liquid fuel in the hot blast improves increasingly rapidly in the direction of flow, the finer the atomization is.
  • the speed of the blast in the injection zone must be at least equal to mach 0.3, which establishes the upper limit of the cross-section a.” i r
  • the velocity of the blast upon its entrance into the hearth, is a function of the operating conditions of the shaft furnace of which-it constitutes one of the adjustment parameters.
  • the invention Inorder to pass from speeds of more than about mach 0.3, which assures good atomization, to the lower speeds imposed by the operation of the apparatus, the invention employs a conduit of constantly increasing cross-section which connects the injection zone to the nose of the tuyere.
  • the conduit of increasing cross-section whose dimensions have just been determined must furthermore have an overall shape such as not to create at any point of the flow of the fluid at the wall points of particular loss of pressure where recirculation streams could appear. It is necessary to reduce the risk of ignition in the boundary layer of the stream of blast flowing in said conduit.
  • the invention proposes imparting to said conduit the shape of a curved diffuser permitting laminar flow at the wall.
  • the hot blast is fed through the conduit 1 of cross-section a at a speed of between mach 0.3 and mach
  • the liquid fuel is injected into the zone 2 via one or more injectors which feed the fuel in sheets substantially perpendicular to the flow of the blast.
  • the mixture of blast and atomized fuel is then guided by the curveddiffuser 3 up to the nose of the tuyere 4 which debouch es into the furnace 5.
  • the upstream cross-section a'of the diffuser 3 is the cross-section of the blast conduit in-the injection zone 2; the downstream cross-section A of the diffuser 3 is that of the nose of the tuyere 4 upon discharge into the shaft furnace.
  • the length L is at most equal to the length L as determined previously, that is to say, the maximum distance permitted between the injection zone and the nose of the tuyere. If the length of the curved diffuser is designated by A, then L is equal to X when the injection is effected at the entrance to the diffuser. L is greater than A when the injection is effected upstream of the entrance to the diffuser.
  • the generating curves of this diffuser 3 are curvilinear and characterized by equations whose second derivative is always positive. Each generatrix has its origin a point B located on the connecting line between the point of origin of the diffuser and the blast feed conduit and passes through a point D of the downstream section of the diffuser which is imposed by the outlet cross-section of the tuyere.
  • the boundary layer must remain very thin. As a matter of fact, it generally creates a heterogeneity of distribution of the fuel in the blast, which heterogeneity must be reduced, particularly when the amount of fuel injected is high and close to stoichiometric.
  • the angle a defined by the tangent at this point and the tangent at the origin must remain less than half of the limit angle.
  • the angle a as shown in FIG. 1, defined by the lines tangent to the points B and D must be at most equal to I5", and preferably be between and 12.
  • the curvilinear generatrix BD of the diffuser is then replaced by a curvilinear generatrix BD extended by a straight line DD, tangent at D to the generatrix BD and forming with the tangent at B to BD an angle equal to said limit angle, as indicated at 6 in FIG. 2.
  • the point D can be determined since it is common to the curvilinear generatrix BD and to the straight line DD and the tangent at this point to the generatrix BD is identical with the straight line DD.
  • the variation in impulse of the injected gases as compared with a conventional injection does not result in any disturbances in the operation of the furnace.
  • each curvilinear generatrix may advantageously be of the form:
  • A length of the curved part of the diffuser
  • FIG. 3 which shows the blast feed device in the hearth of the blast furnace, the tuyere 7 which has the characteristics enumerated above is cooled in known manner. It has a water chamber 8 with one or more water inlets 9 and one or more outlets 10.
  • the blast conduit of the tuyere 7 having the axis X'X consists from upstream to downstream of a succession of portions of conduits of revolution around the axis X'X.
  • the upstream frustoconical portion is of convergent form 13.
  • the area of the inlet cross-section of the convergent portion 13 is equal to that of the cross section of the conduit of the nozzle 11 and the area of its downstream cross-section is equal to that of the cross-section of the cylindrical portion of a diameter of 1 10 mm forming the neck 12 which follows it.
  • a convergent shape 13 and a length of the neck 12 which result in minimum losses in pressure.
  • the neck 12 has a length of2 I0 mm.
  • the convergence I3 and the neck 12 improve the stabilization of the flow of the blast.
  • the area of the cross-section of the neck 12 is smaller than that of the conduit of the nozzle II so as to increase the speed of the blast in order to assure a satisfactory pneumatic atomization of the fuel by the blast.
  • the speed of the blast is then from 350 to 400 m/sec.
  • the total length of the diffuser is equal to the length L.
  • the upstream cross-section of the diffuser is circular and its diameter is equal to that of the neck 12. Its downstream cross-section is also circular, with a diameter equal to that of the nose of the tuyere 7.
  • R represents the radius of the downstream section of the curved portion of the diffuser and r the radius of the upstream section.
  • the radius R is therefore not the radius of the nose of the tuyere at the point D, but that of the blast conduit at the point D,
  • the straight line DD forms an angle of 1 1 with the tangent to B' (which in this case is parallel to the axis X'X).
  • a method according to claim 2 wherein the curved diffuser profile portion of said flow path has an outer boundary hose shape is defined by a generatrix the equation for the curve of which has a second derivative which is always positive.
  • an improvement in said discharge conduit comprising means for supplying through said injection zone a substantially stabilized blast at a speed of between mach 0.3 and 1, a curved diffuser with a constantly and smoothly increasing cross-section throughout its length from said inlet and extending tangentially at its other end towards said discharge outlet nose to flow said blast within said conduit without any recirculation andto deliver it at said discharge outlet nose at conventional furnace blowing velocities, said curved diffuser having a shape the generatrix of which is a curve whose equation has a second derivative which is always positive, and the axial distance from said inlet to said outlet nose being no greater than L 10.
  • the improvement further comprising a tangential linear extension to said diffuser.
  • the improvement further comprising the tangent to the end of any curved generatrix forming an angle of at most l5 with the tangent to the origin of said generatrix.
  • the improve ment further comprising the angle being between 10 and 12.
  • a tuyere according to claim 11, wherein the generatrix of the curved diffuser is defined by the following equation:
  • L is the maximum length of the tuyere as measured from the injection zone to the nose of the tuyere which for said given furnace, tuyere, and blast means conducts the fuel atomized in said blast to the nose of said tuyere before ignition.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
US00269556A 1971-07-08 1972-07-07 Injection of liquid fuels into shaft furnaces Expired - Lifetime US3809524A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7125093A FR2145089A5 (es) 1971-07-08 1971-07-08

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US3809524A true US3809524A (en) 1974-05-07

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US (1) US3809524A (es)
JP (1) JPS5223964B1 (es)
AT (1) AT320997B (es)
AU (1) AU470953B2 (es)
BE (1) BE785612A (es)
CA (1) CA975556A (es)
CS (1) CS188879B2 (es)
DD (1) DD98998A5 (es)
FR (1) FR2145089A5 (es)
GB (1) GB1356218A (es)
IT (1) IT956988B (es)
LU (1) LU65671A1 (es)
NL (1) NL159141B (es)
PL (1) PL75754B1 (es)
SE (1) SE376018B (es)
SU (1) SU524530A3 (es)
ZA (1) ZA724643B (es)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4246236A (en) * 1977-04-19 1981-01-20 Montedison S.P.A. Apparatus for carrying out gaseous phase reactions
US4690333A (en) * 1984-12-04 1987-09-01 Flakt Ab Media mixing nozzle assembly
US4865820A (en) * 1987-08-14 1989-09-12 Davy Mckee Corporation Gas mixer and distributor for reactor
US5129583A (en) * 1991-03-21 1992-07-14 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Low pressure loss/reduced deposition atomizer
US5227117A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-07-13 Usx Corporation Apparatus for blast furnace fuel injection
US5330105A (en) * 1993-03-26 1994-07-19 Valkyrie Scientific Proprietary, L.C. Aspirating nozzle and accessory systems therefor
US20050095186A1 (en) * 2003-10-30 2005-05-05 Conocophillips Company Feed mixer for a partial oxidation reactor
US20060201065A1 (en) * 2005-03-09 2006-09-14 Conocophillips Company Compact mixer for the mixing of gaseous hydrocarbon and gaseous oxidants
US7205252B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2007-04-17 Schott Ag Method of making a glass-ceramic article
US20080211148A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2008-09-04 U.S. Steel Canada Inc. Apparatus and method for injection of fluid hydrocarbons into a blast furnace
US20120118108A1 (en) * 2009-05-14 2012-05-17 Wim Dobbelaere Recovery of Precious Metals from Spent Homogeneous Catalysts
US20130306271A1 (en) * 2012-05-18 2013-11-21 Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. Blowing Device and Method for Using the Blowing Device

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5314870U (es) * 1976-07-19 1978-02-07
JPS5896746U (ja) * 1981-12-23 1983-07-01 ヤンマー農機株式会社 コンバインのカツタ−装置
US4490171A (en) * 1982-03-31 1984-12-25 Kobe Steel, Limited Method and apparatus for injecting pulverized fuel into a blast furnace
FR2681417B1 (fr) * 1991-09-17 1998-01-30 Air Liquide Dispositif et procede d'injection de gaz et de charbon dans un four de fusion de metal.

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US290343A (en) * 1883-12-18 And henry franklin
US966704A (en) * 1906-08-17 1910-08-09 John Pickles Oil-burning twyer.
FR537892A (fr) * 1921-07-02 1922-05-31 Brûleur pour foyers à combustible liquide ou pulvérisé
US3558119A (en) * 1967-12-08 1971-01-26 Pont A Mousson Device for the injection of liquid fuels into blast furnaces
US3596894A (en) * 1967-12-13 1971-08-03 Wendel Soc D Method of blowing furnances and system for the carrying out of the method
US3608881A (en) * 1967-03-24 1971-09-28 Za Zvetni Metali K Tuyere apparatus for using liquid fuel in the fuming process

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US290343A (en) * 1883-12-18 And henry franklin
US966704A (en) * 1906-08-17 1910-08-09 John Pickles Oil-burning twyer.
FR537892A (fr) * 1921-07-02 1922-05-31 Brûleur pour foyers à combustible liquide ou pulvérisé
US3608881A (en) * 1967-03-24 1971-09-28 Za Zvetni Metali K Tuyere apparatus for using liquid fuel in the fuming process
US3558119A (en) * 1967-12-08 1971-01-26 Pont A Mousson Device for the injection of liquid fuels into blast furnaces
US3596894A (en) * 1967-12-13 1971-08-03 Wendel Soc D Method of blowing furnances and system for the carrying out of the method

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4246236A (en) * 1977-04-19 1981-01-20 Montedison S.P.A. Apparatus for carrying out gaseous phase reactions
US4690333A (en) * 1984-12-04 1987-09-01 Flakt Ab Media mixing nozzle assembly
US4865820A (en) * 1987-08-14 1989-09-12 Davy Mckee Corporation Gas mixer and distributor for reactor
US5129583A (en) * 1991-03-21 1992-07-14 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Low pressure loss/reduced deposition atomizer
EP0575669A1 (en) * 1991-03-21 1993-12-29 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Atomizers and nozzle inserts therefor
US5227117A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-07-13 Usx Corporation Apparatus for blast furnace fuel injection
US5330105A (en) * 1993-03-26 1994-07-19 Valkyrie Scientific Proprietary, L.C. Aspirating nozzle and accessory systems therefor
US20050095186A1 (en) * 2003-10-30 2005-05-05 Conocophillips Company Feed mixer for a partial oxidation reactor
US7108838B2 (en) 2003-10-30 2006-09-19 Conocophillips Company Feed mixer for a partial oxidation reactor
US7205252B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2007-04-17 Schott Ag Method of making a glass-ceramic article
US20060201065A1 (en) * 2005-03-09 2006-09-14 Conocophillips Company Compact mixer for the mixing of gaseous hydrocarbon and gaseous oxidants
US7416571B2 (en) 2005-03-09 2008-08-26 Conocophillips Company Compact mixer for the mixing of gaseous hydrocarbon and gaseous oxidants
US20080211148A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2008-09-04 U.S. Steel Canada Inc. Apparatus and method for injection of fluid hydrocarbons into a blast furnace
US7837928B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2010-11-23 U.S. Steel Canada Inc. Apparatus and method for injection of fluid hydrocarbons into a blast furnace
US20120118108A1 (en) * 2009-05-14 2012-05-17 Wim Dobbelaere Recovery of Precious Metals from Spent Homogeneous Catalysts
US9249477B2 (en) * 2009-05-14 2016-02-02 Umicore Recovery of precious metals from spent homogeneous catalysts
US20130306271A1 (en) * 2012-05-18 2013-11-21 Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. Blowing Device and Method for Using the Blowing Device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DD98998A5 (es) 1973-07-12
PL75754B1 (es) 1974-12-31
NL7208930A (es) 1973-01-10
FR2145089A5 (es) 1973-02-16
AT320997B (de) 1975-05-10
AU4427572A (en) 1974-01-10
SU524530A3 (ru) 1976-08-05
CS188879B2 (en) 1979-03-30
DE2232637A1 (de) 1973-01-18
IT956988B (it) 1973-10-10
LU65671A1 (es) 1972-10-30
JPS5223964B1 (es) 1977-06-28
CA975556A (en) 1975-10-07
DE2232637B2 (de) 1976-04-22
ZA724643B (en) 1973-03-28
SE376018B (es) 1975-05-05
NL159141B (nl) 1979-01-15
GB1356218A (en) 1974-06-12
AU470953B2 (en) 1976-04-01
BE785612A (fr) 1972-10-16

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