US3808815A - Heaters for hot-gas engines - Google Patents

Heaters for hot-gas engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3808815A
US3808815A US00304274A US30427472A US3808815A US 3808815 A US3808815 A US 3808815A US 00304274 A US00304274 A US 00304274A US 30427472 A US30427472 A US 30427472A US 3808815 A US3808815 A US 3808815A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
heater
limbs
hot
path
grids
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00304274A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Friedemann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
Motoren Werke Mannheim AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19712154714 external-priority patent/DE2154714C3/de
Application filed by Motoren Werke Mannheim AG filed Critical Motoren Werke Mannheim AG
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
    • F02G2244/50—Double acting piston machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2255/00—Heater tubes
    • F02G2255/20—Heater fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F05C2225/08—Thermoplastics

Definitions

  • a heater of a hot-gas engine comprises substantially U-form tubular devices each connected between a hot chamber and a regeneration chamber of the engine.
  • the two limbs of each device are formed by two tubes positioned one downstream of the other with respect to the flow of primary fluid medium.
  • the limbs of the devices are transverse to this flow and are arranged side-by-side in at least two rows to form at least two grids which are face-to-face with each other.
  • the rows of limbs also extend transversely of the flow of primary medium
  • the heater consists of a plurality of U-form tubular devices via which a secondary fluid medium, while receiving heat from a stream of primary fluid medium supplied by a heat-source, can flow from a hot chamber to a cold chamber of the hot-gas engine by way of a regeneration chamber and a cooler, as well as in the reverse sense, the two limbs of each U-form device being positioned one downstream of the other in the path of flow of the primary medium, one limb being connected to the hot chamber and the other limb to the regeneration chamber.
  • the heater is the heat-exchanger on the energy input side of the hot-gas engine and performs the function of picking up heat from the stream of primary medium, e.g., combustion gas, while cooling this stream, and of passing the heat to the circulating secondary medium,
  • primary medium e.g., combustion gas
  • the energy represented by the temperature difference between the two media must be utilized as completely as possible.
  • the heater should be of limited size, since the space for the secondary medium constitutes a dead space for the hot-gas engine.
  • a heater likewise consisting of tubular devices, is illustrated and described in German Patent Specification No. 806,740, for example. It fulfils the requirements mentioned in the preceding paragraph only by means of a construction which is difficult to produce and is trouble-prone in operation.
  • the U-form tubular devices are disposed at the periphery of a cylindrical combustion chamber, one end face of which is constituted by the heat-source in the form of a burner, while its other end face is formed by the wall of the hot chamber.
  • the combustion gases first flow in an axial direction of the combustion chamber and are diverted towards the tubular devices on the wall of the hot chamber.
  • each of the cylinders of a multi-cylinder hot-gas engine which are arranged in line has to be equipped with its own burner and all the associated ancillary means such as air pre-heaters and fuel atomizers.
  • a heater for a hot-gas engine comprising a plurality of substantially U-form tubular means each for connection at one end to a hot chamber and at the other end to a regeneration chamber to conduct a secondary fluid each other, and said rows also extending transversely of said path.
  • tubular means i.e., tubular devices
  • the need to deflect the stream of primary medium by an uncooled component such as a heat shield
  • a blower for combustion. air will have less resistance to overcome and therefore less power is required for driving it.
  • greater freedom of choice is offered as regards the arrangement of the burner or burners in relation to the working cylinders of the hotgas engine; for example several working cylinders of an in-line engine may be served by a single burner.
  • thermal expansion in the tubular devices under the effect of the primary medium flowing through the heater and'of the associated higher temperature on the approach side can take place freely.
  • the bends curve outwardly towards the stream of primary medium, whereas the system of grids in accordance with the invention no longer gives changes in the crosssections of the gaps between the limbs for the stream of primary medium.
  • These cross-sections should be maintained in a precise manner and should remain unchanged during operation, since their size determines the quantity of heat extracted from the stream of primary medium.
  • heat-transfer capacities of substantially equal magnitude are achieved for all the limbs involved by providing all the limbs, or only those disposed downstream of the first grid, with heat-transfer fins, the surfaces of the fins on each grid first approached being smaller than those of the subsequently approached grids.
  • the arrangement of the tubular devices being such that tubular devices the limbs of which are disposed in the first and second grids alternate with tubular devices the limbs of which are disposed in the first and third grids, the primary medium flowing successively through the first, second and third grids.
  • the secondary medium first flows through the first grid, which may have no tins, and then through the second or third grid,-the second grid being provided with relatively small fins and the third grid with relatively large wide fins.
  • the height and/or width of the heater can be reduced as compared with the arrangement comprising two grids.
  • the four-grid heater can be approximately 30 40 percent smaller in width than the two-grid heater, since correspondingly fewer limbs can be contained in each grid.
  • the four-grid heater can be approximately percent lower in height than a two-grid heater.
  • the volume of the structure of the hot-gas engine is decisively reduced by the reduction in the approach surface of the heater.
  • the gaps among the limbs are considerably greater than in the case of the two-grid heater.
  • the U-form tubular devices are connected at the free ends of their limbs to collectors which for reasons of manufacture may be advantageou sly formed integrally with the walls of the hot chamber or the regeneration chamber. However, they may instead simply be connected to the walls of these chambers.
  • the surfaces of the fins may be advantageously dimpled or otherwise roughened to increase turbulence of flow.
  • Each U-form tubular device can be produced in an economical and advantageous manner by being composed of two straight tubes and a bend. Such separate parts are suitable for meeting the requirements of a high-quality casting process, particularly as regards the manufacture and mounting of the mould core.
  • the use of a high-quality casting process enables those heatresisting materials to be employed which are not capable of being shaped by a plastic-shaping operation or by machining. It thus becomes possible to increase the working temperature or pressure of the hot-gas engine while obtaining the same service life from the components of the heater, and thus to increase the power density.
  • the U-form tubular devices can also be constituted by drawn tubes in heat-resisting wrought alloys, any heat-transfer fins that are required being attached to the tubes by soldering. In this way bending and manipulating of the tubes and thus local excess stretching which may lead to cracks are avoided.
  • the use of straight tubular limbs reduces the number of operations during manufacture. To ensure that the flow of heat from the fins to the limbs is as uniform as possible, the fins may be advantageously'shorter on the upstream side than on the downstream side.
  • a common duct for the primary medium and a common unit for preheating the air which result in a simple construction, can be achieved by accommodating the heaters of the individual cylinders side-by'side in a single duct for the primary medium.
  • a plurality of burner chambers may be expediently provided in the duct for the primary medium.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through a U-form tubular device of a two-grid heater of a hot-gas engine, the section being taken on the lines I-l of FIG. 3,.
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevation of the heater
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the heater
  • FIG. 4 is a partial section through two U-fonn tubular devices of a three-grid heater of a hot-gas engine, the section being taken on the lines IV-IV of FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the three-grid heater
  • FIG. 6 is a partial section through two U-fonn tubular devices of a four-grid heater of a hot-gas engine, the section being taken on the line VIVI of FIG. 7,
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of the four-grid heater
  • FIG. 8 shows a partial section through part of the hot gas engine including the two-grid heater of FIGS. 1 to FIG. 9 is a plan view of the part illust-ratedin FIG. 8,
  • FIG. 10 shows a front elevation of the part illustrated in FIG. 8,
  • FIG. 11 shows a partial section through part of the hot-gas engine including the three-grid heater of FIGS. 4 and 5,
  • FIG. 12 is a section through the hot-gas engine shown partly in FIGS. 8 to 10, and
  • FIG. 13 is a plan view of the hot-gas engine of FIG. 12.
  • the main component of the two-grid heater which is illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, is a U-form tubular device l which consists of a plain tube 2, a tube 4 having large narrow heat transfer fins 3 and a bend 5.
  • the tube 2 may have small heat-transfer fins.
  • U-form tubular devices 6 and 10 are present in the three-grid form of heater illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • Each device 6 consists of a plain tube 2, a short bend 7 and a tube 8 having small circular heat-transfer fins 9.
  • Each device 10 consists of a plain tube 2, a medium sized bend 11 and a tube 13 provided with large wide heat-transfer fins 12.
  • each device 14 consists of a plain tube 2, a large bend 15 and a tube 17 provided with large narrow heat-transfer fins 16 offset with respect to the axis of the tube 17 in the direction of flow A of the primary medium.
  • Each device 18 consists of a tube 8 fitted with small circular heat-transfer fins 9, a short flat bend l9 and a tube 21 provided with medium-sized circular heat-transfer fins 20.
  • the tubes 2 and 4, 2 and 8, 2 and 13, 2 and 17, or 8 and 21, form the limbs of a U, the connecting web of the U being constituted by the bend 5, 7, 11, 15 or 19.
  • the limbs 2, 4, 8, 13, 17 or 21 are arranged side-by-side in a row to form flat grids.
  • the hot primary medium flows in the direction A at right-angles to the planes of the grids, as well as at right angles to the axes of the limbs 2, 4, 8, 13, 17 and 21.
  • the planes of the grids are indicated by the numerals 22 and 23 (FIG. 3) in the case of the two-grid heater.
  • the plane of the first grid is designated by the numeral 22, that of illustrated second grid by the numeral 23 and that of the third grid by. the numeral 24.
  • the plane of the first grid is designated by the numeral 22, that of the second grid by the numeral 23, that of the third grid by the numeral 24 and that of the fourth grid by the numeral 25 (FIG. 7).
  • the free ends of the limbs 2 and 4 are connected to collectors 26 and 27 (FIGS. 1, 2, 8, 9 and 10).
  • the collector 26 extends to the hot chamber 28 and the collector 27 to the regeneration chamber 29.
  • the free ends of the limbs 8 and 9 as illustrated in FIG. 11 are connected to a double collecmi 30 which leads to the regeneration chamber 29.
  • the free ends of the limbs 2, as in the two-grid heater, are connected to a single collector 26 which leads to the hot chamber 28.
  • the limbs 2 and 8 are connected to a double collector 31 which leads to the hot chamber 28.
  • the limbs 17 and 21 are connected to the regeneration chamber 29 through a double collector 30.
  • the collectors 26, 27, 30 and 31 are integral with the walls of the chambers 28 and 29 as seen in FIGS. 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, l0, l1 and 12. However, they may instead simply be connected to these walls.
  • the tubes 2, 4, 8, 13, 17 and 21 are connected to the bends 5, 7, 11, and 19 and to the collectors 26, 27, 30 and 31 by a high-temperature vacuum soldering process.
  • the heat-transfer fins 3, 9, 12, 16 and can be made integral with thetubes 2, 4, 8, 13, 17 and 21, a high-quality casting process being employed for the purposerl-Iowever, the fins may instead be soldered on to these tubes, which in this case are drawn tubes of heat-resisting wrought alloys.
  • the surfaces of the heat-transfer fins 3, 9, 12, 16 and 20 maybe dimpled or otherwise roughened. As shown in FIG.
  • the fins may be shorter on the upstream side of the tubes 17 than on the downstream side, in order to ensure the greatest possible uniformity in the flow of heat to the tubes 17.
  • the hot primary medium is supplied by one or more burner chambers 32 to which the combustion air is supplied by a blower, not illustrated, by way of an inlet orifice 33 and an air preheater 34, as indicated by the arrows.
  • the heaters of the cylinders of the hot-gas engine in which the cylinders are arranged in line, can be arranged side-by-side in a single duct 36 for the primary medium, as shown in FIG. 13.
  • a plurality of burner chambers 32 can be provided in the duct 36.
  • the devices 1, 6, 10, 14 and 18 can be arranged in any desired positions with respect to the axis 37 of the engine above the hot chambers 28 and the regeneration chambers 29, depending upon the space conditions.
  • a'combination comprising a heater, means for supplying a hot primary fluid medium to said heater, a hot chamber connected to said heater for supplying thereto a secondary fluid medium to be heated in said heater, and a regeneration chamber connected to said heater to receive said secondary fluid medium therefrom, said heater comprising a plurality of substantially U-form tubular means each connected at one end to said hot chamber and at the other end to said regeneration chamber, the two limbs of each U- forrn tubular means being positioned one downstream of the other with respectto the intended path of flow of said primary fluid medium through the heater, the limbs of the U-form tubular means extending transversely of said path and being arranged side-by-side in at least two rows to form at least two grids arranged face-to-face with respect to each other, and said rows also extending transversely of said path.
  • each fin projects further downstream from the associated limb than it projects upstream from the limb.
  • each tubular means comprises two co-extensive straight dium therefrom, each heater comprising a plurality of substantially U-form tubular means each connected at one end to said hot chamber and at the other end to said regeneration chamber, the two limbs of each U- form tubular means being positioned one downstream of the other with respect to the intended path of flow of said primary fluid medium through the heater, the limbs of the U-form tubular means of each heater extending transversely of said path and being arranged side-by-side in at least two rows to form at least two grids arranged face-to-face with respect to each other, and said rows also extending transversely of said path.
  • said means for supplying said primary fluid medium comprises a plurality of burner chambers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US00304274A 1971-11-04 1972-11-06 Heaters for hot-gas engines Expired - Lifetime US3808815A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712154714 DE2154714C3 (de) 1971-11-04 Erhitzer für einen Heissgasmotor

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US3808815A true US3808815A (en) 1974-05-07

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US00304274A Expired - Lifetime US3808815A (en) 1971-11-04 1972-11-06 Heaters for hot-gas engines

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US (1) US3808815A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE374942B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4050250A (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-09-27 Eaton Corporation Heat transfer element
US4069670A (en) * 1976-03-09 1978-01-24 Kommanditbolaget United Stirling (Sweden) Ab & Co. Hot gas engine heater head
US4422291A (en) * 1981-10-05 1983-12-27 Mechanical Technology Incorporated Hot gas engine heater head
US4800955A (en) * 1986-10-20 1989-01-31 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Munchen Gmbh Heat exchanger
US4809774A (en) * 1985-12-12 1989-03-07 Mtu Motoren-Und Turbinen- Union Munchen Gmbh Reversal chamber for a tube matrix of a heat exchanger

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US289485A (en) * 1883-12-04 Heater for air-engines
US2484393A (en) * 1945-12-03 1949-10-11 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot-gas engine heatine head arrangement

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US289485A (en) * 1883-12-04 Heater for air-engines
US2484393A (en) * 1945-12-03 1949-10-11 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot-gas engine heatine head arrangement

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4050250A (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-09-27 Eaton Corporation Heat transfer element
US4069670A (en) * 1976-03-09 1978-01-24 Kommanditbolaget United Stirling (Sweden) Ab & Co. Hot gas engine heater head
US4422291A (en) * 1981-10-05 1983-12-27 Mechanical Technology Incorporated Hot gas engine heater head
US4809774A (en) * 1985-12-12 1989-03-07 Mtu Motoren-Und Turbinen- Union Munchen Gmbh Reversal chamber for a tube matrix of a heat exchanger
US4800955A (en) * 1986-10-20 1989-01-31 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Munchen Gmbh Heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2154714A1 (de) 1973-05-10
SE374942B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-03-24
DE2154714B2 (de) 1976-12-02

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