US3808706A - Pneumatic lung analog - Google Patents

Pneumatic lung analog Download PDF

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Publication number
US3808706A
US3808706A US00327503A US32750373A US3808706A US 3808706 A US3808706 A US 3808706A US 00327503 A US00327503 A US 00327503A US 32750373 A US32750373 A US 32750373A US 3808706 A US3808706 A US 3808706A
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Prior art keywords
bellows
end plate
plate
lung
analog according
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00327503A
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English (en)
Inventor
K Mosley
C Barkalow
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MICHIGAN INSTR Inc
MICHIGAN INSTRUMENTS INC US
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MICHIGAN INSTR Inc
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Priority to US00327503A priority Critical patent/US3808706A/en
Priority to GB330074A priority patent/GB1456099A/en
Priority to DE742403616A priority patent/DE2403616C3/de
Priority to JP49010310A priority patent/JPS529957B2/ja
Priority to SU7401993285A priority patent/SU576583A1/ru
Priority to FR7402762A priority patent/FR2215664B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3808706A publication Critical patent/US3808706A/en
Priority to US05/724,211 priority patent/USRE29317E/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/091—Measuring volume of inspired or expired gases, e.g. to determine lung capacity
    • A61B5/093—Measuring volume of inspired or expired gases, e.g. to determine lung capacity the gases being exhaled into, or inhaled from, an expansible chamber, e.g. bellows or expansible bag
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine

Definitions

  • a vertically oriented bellows has a fixed plate at one end and a movable plate at the other end. As air flows into the bellows, the movable plate pivots relative to the fixed plate and the free end thereof is cooperative with a readout panel to indicate the volume of the bellows.
  • the plates are interconnected by an adjustable spring urging the plates toward each other when the bellows are expanded to simulate lung compliance.
  • Selected tubes having calibrated flow characteristics interconnect the bellows to a lung ventilator to simulate lung resistance.
  • a pair of bellows are arranged in mutual association together to simulate a pair of lungs in order to analyze their interdependency.
  • This invention pertains to an apparatus utilized to simulate a lung in order to evaluate the performance parameters of artificial lung support devices such as an artificial ventilator or respirator.
  • Ventilators are generally characterized as being either pressure responsive or volume responsive.
  • the ultimate success of treatment depends, of course, on the ability of the ventilator to provide a controlled and predictable flow of air to the lungs during inspiration.
  • back pressure is created essentially by ventilatory resistance and compliance.
  • the acceptability of an inhalation device depends on its performance in response to changes in respiratory resistance and compliance.
  • the prior art does not teach a pneumatic lung analog capable through adjustment of simulating a wide range of patient pulmonary physiology ranging from pediatric to large adult patients, with various types and states of pulmonary disease.
  • a pneumatic lung analog capable through adjustment of simulating a wide range of patient pulmonary physiology ranging from pediatric to large adult patients, with various types and states of pulmonary disease.
  • Such a device would be extremely useful in both evaluating and testing respiratory equipment, and in instruction in respiratory therapy technology.
  • Theonly devices known to Applicant which relate to lung performance are spirometers.
  • the object of these devices is to measure the actual performance of the patients lung. They do not lend themselves to simulate the patients lung in order to analyze the performance of ventilation equipment.
  • simulation of the lung is provided by a bellows secured at one end to a stationary plate means and at the other end to a movable plate means.
  • the bellows are interconnected by a tube to the inhalation equipment for inflation.
  • the movable plate pivots relative to the stationary plate as the bellows isinflated and the free end thereof in association with printed indicia on a panel positioned adjacent permits a visual readout of the volume and compliance characteristics of the inhalator.
  • Compliance is simulated by an adjustable spring means interconnected between the end plates which spring means urges the movable plate toward the fixed plate as the bellows are inflated.
  • Resistance is simulated by calibrated flow resistant tubes interconnected between the bellows and inhalation equipment.
  • means are provided to eliminate the gravitational effect of the movable plate when the bellows are arranged vertically and stop means are provided to limit the upper and downward movement of the movable end plate.
  • a pair of bellows having independent adjustments are arranged together mutually for operation by the inhalation device in order to simulate the interdependency of a pair of lungs.
  • a restraining means is cooperatively associated with the bellows to assure a uniform inflation of the bellows.
  • a unique lung analog is provided for studying and evaluating the performance characteristics of inhalation equipment.
  • the test lung is also extremely useful as a teaching aid and is housed in a compact composite portable structure to permit utilization of the lung in a variety of environments.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the apparatus of my invention illustrating one of the lung simulating bellows inflated;
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevation view of the apparatus of my invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentaryfront elevation view of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary rear elevation view of the illustration in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary side elevation view with the graphic panel folded down.
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary plan view of the restraining support for the bellows.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a box-like support case or frame 10 comprising a pair of sides 12, 14; bottom panel 16 and top panel 18.
  • the front end 20 of support case 10 is open during use while the rear end 22 is closed by a rear panel 26 which extends above top 18.
  • a movable plate 26 is pivotally anchored to support case 10 by a pair of L-shaped brackets 28 and 30 secured to top 18 at the top end 20 of case 10.
  • the rear edge 32 of plate 26 is free so that plate 26 pivots about a-horizontal axis passing generally through the front end 34 of plate 26.
  • the axis of pivot is spaced above top panel 18 so that when plate 26 is level, it is spaced above top panel 18.
  • a bellows 36 (FIG. 2) is positioned intermediate plate 26 and top panel 18 and closed thereby so that when bellows 36 is inflated, plate 26 pivots relative to top plate or panel 18.
  • a unique graphic panel 40 is arranged in front of the free end 32 of plate 26 and has printed indicia 42 printed thereon in the form of a graph which permits a visual readout of the position of plate 26 relative top 18. As will be described in more detail hereinafter, this provides an accurate readout of the volume and compliance of bellows 36 which in accordance with the invention is an analog of the lung.
  • Inflation of bellows 36 is achieved by the introduction of air into the bellows through a flow passageway comprised of a tube 42 having one end positioned in a fitting 44 and the opposite end in a Y-fitting 46.
  • Fitting 44 is a permanent part of the support housing and is interconnected to the bellows by a second tube (not shown) which is connected between fitting 44 and bellows 36.
  • a primary supply tube 47 interconnects the Y-fitting 46 with the inhalation device (not shown).
  • the alternative branch of fitting 46 is interconnected to tube 42a and fitting 44a for supplying the second bellows (not shown) of the lung analog.
  • each plugin tube 44 or 44a is fitted with a standard mm fitting (not shown) which plugs into either Y-fitting 46 or fittings 44, 44a.
  • Y-fitting 46 is provided with three female openings accepting the endotracheal tube fittings. If inflation of only one bellows is desired, the alternative branch of Y-fitting 46 is plugged or a calibrated tube can be connected directly between a bellows and the respirator.
  • the resistor tubes are calibrated in centimeters of water per liter per second at a differential pressure of 20.0 centimeters of water. Since the flow of gas through a tube is not linearly related to differential pressure (it is approximately proportional to the square root of the differential pressure), the resistance cannot be treated as a constant as differential pressure changes. Flow versus differential pressure curves are included for the standard resistor supplied with the lung analog. Other types of resistors can be devised yielding approximate linearity over limited ranges, and could be substituted for resistors described.
  • a spring 50 connected at one end to plate 26 and at its opposite end to case 10 so that as plate 26 is pivoted upwardly by the inflation of bellows 26, an increasing spring force urges the plate back toward its normal horizontal position.
  • the spring is adjustable along the length of plate 26 so that its effective spring force is movable radially with respect to the axis of rotation of plate 26.
  • a first guide rail 52 is located along one edge of plate 26 and a second guide rail 54 extends along the lower margin of sidewall 12.
  • An upper slide 46 is movable along guide rail 52 while a lower slide 58 is movable along guide rail 54.
  • Each slide includes a means for attaching the ends of spring 50 thereto in addition to a clamp mechanism for securing each slide at a preselected point along the guide rails,
  • the clamp mechanism is provided by a thumbscrew 60 threadable through the sidewall of each slide and engageable with the guide rail to lock the slide to the guide rail when the thumbscrew is tightened.
  • the inflation of bellows 46 will be proportionate to the selected resistance provided by the selection of a calibrated endotracheal tube 42 mounted intermediate the bellows and input tube 47 as well as the preselected compliance selected by the spring force of spring 50 and its location radially from the axis of pivot of plate 26 which rotates upwardly as bellows 46 is expanded.
  • the volume of the bellows is visually read by the alignment of free edge 32 of plate 26 with the graphic printed indicia on panel 40 and the particular pressure can easily be momitored by a pressure gauge 62 in communication with bellows 26 through tube 64.
  • pressure in bellows 26 or bellows 26a (not shown) is read directly by pressure gauges 62 and 62a. It is envisioned that the gauges could be mounted directly in panels 26, 26a in the openings 27 shown in FIG. 1. It will be appreciated that only one-half of the analog has been described. The other half is identical thereto and similar elements are identified by the same reference numerals with the suffix a added.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates in more detail the configuration of plate 26 and its mounting relative to top panel 18.
  • Plate 26 has an overall rectangular configuration with a downwardly projecting flange portion 66 extending from beneath its front end 34.
  • Flange 66 does not extend quite as far as side 12 of support case 10 so that a threaded pin 68 can be mounted through L bracket 28.
  • the interior end of flange 66 is similarly secured to bracket 30 which has an overall inverted T-shaped configuration since bracket 30 also anchors the second movable plate 260.
  • a pin 70 extends through the stem portion of bracket 30 to pivot both interior ends of flange 66 and 66a.
  • the plates 26 and 26a are shown in their horizontal position in FIG. 4 and it will be readily appreciated that upon expansion of the bellows as described hereinbefore, the plates will pivot up and away from top plate 18 about the axis of pins 68 and 70.
  • the spacing provided between plates 26, 26a and top 18 of support case 10 is primarily provided to contain the bellows intermediate the movable plates 26, 26a and stationary top plate 18.
  • a spring compensating mechanism 70 is provided which elimates the gravitational effect of plate26 as a factor in the inflation of bellows 36.
  • a bracket 72 (FIGS. 1 and 4) is attached to flange 66 and extends vertically beneath flange 66 with an aperture 74 provided toward its free end for receipt of one end of coil spring 76.
  • Flange portion 72 as shown in FIG. 4 is comprised of a rectangular piece of stock metal anchored to flange 66 by a pair of threaded fasteners 78.
  • a second L-shaped bracket is anchored to top plate 18 of support case 10 and has an upwardly extending leg portion 82 which is aligned with the opening 74 when movable plate 26 is in the horizontal position.
  • a pin 84 is inserted through opening 82 and has an eye hook 86 at one end for receipt of the opposite end of spring 76 and a threaded end engageable by a fastener 88.
  • Pin 84 slides freely through opening 82 so that the tension in coil spring 76 can be adjusted by the relative position of pin 84. This is accomplished by rotating fastener element 88 in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction to move pin 84 toward or away from the front end of plate 26.
  • the concept of spring mechanism 70 is to manipulate the device with movable plate 26 in a horizontal orientation so that the weight of the plate against bellows 36 is eliminated.
  • a pin 90 is anchored to top panel 18 near the rear end 22 of support case to provide a stop for plate 26 as it pivots counter-clockwise into a horizontal position.
  • the function of pin 90 is to assure proper positioning of plate 26 when bellows 36 are deflated.
  • the height of pin 90 can be adjusted by threading a screw 92 concentrically through the free end of pin 90.
  • An additional stop 94 in the form of a chain 96 prevents accidental over-expansion of bellows 36. Since the bellows are highly accurate elements, they are quite expansive and stop 94 prevents unintentional injury.
  • the chain 96 is anchored at one end to plate 18 and at the other end to the underside of plate 26. The upper maximum position of plate 26 is shown in FIG. 2 with chain 96 being taut.
  • upper guide rail 52 mounted along the outer edge of movable plate 26 is comprised of an elongated rail having an L-shape configuration.
  • One leg 100 is affixed to the upper marginal surface of plate 26, and the other leg 102 projects perpendicular to the upper surface of plate 26 to form the rail.
  • the lower guide rail 54 has a generally inverted U-shape configuration.
  • One of the legs 104 is attached to the side 12 of case support 10 while the other-leg 106 projects downwardly opposite the direction of leg 102 of the upper guide rail forming the sliding rail portion of the lower unit.
  • the slides 56 and 58 which interconnect spring 50 between case support 10 and movable plate 26 are identical to each other although they are oriented in the opposite direction.
  • Each slide has a generally hook-shaped cross section forming a track engaging groove 108.
  • the web portion 110 of each slide is biased by spring 50 into engagement with the upper end of each arm 102 and 106 of the guide tracks for sliding engagement therealong.
  • the groove 108 acts to capture each slide into operative engagement with guide rails 52 and 54.
  • a thumbscrew 60 is threadable through the sidewall of each side for abutting engagement against arms 102 and 106 respectively of the slides to clamp each slide at a selected position along the rail.
  • the free end 112 of each slide includes an opening 114 for receipt of the ends of spring 50.
  • a scale 116 (FIG. 1) is conveniently located adjacent the upper guide rail 52 to provide a quick and simple readout of the compliance setting.
  • compliance can be selected over a range from 0.01 to 0.2 liters per centimeter of water for each bellows. The 0.01 setting shown in FIG. 2 with the spring set nearest the axis of rotation of plate 26.
  • Total pulmonary compliance is obtained by summing the two individual bellows compliance settings.
  • the individual volumes may be read directly from chart 42 or panel 40 as will be described hereinafter.
  • the bellows should be opened to atmosphere or totally deflated, whereupon the top and bot' bottom slide 58 is positioned in its natural" position of vertical alignment below top slide 56. This slide is then tightened and the lung analog is ready for operation. It has been found through use that only the top clamp location is critical for purposes of accuracy. The bottom may be mislocated appreciably without significant adverse effect.
  • FIG. 2 as movable plate 26 is pivoted by the expansion of bellows 26, the rear or free edge 32 along with the entire plate rotates arcuately about the axis of pins 68 and 69.
  • the volume of ventilation achieved in the bellows for the particular compliance and resistance settings is visually ascertained by the graphic indicia printed on the unique panel 40 illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the panel is curved to match the arcuate path of free edge 32 to provide a direct correlative readout of the volume of bellows 36. Due to several factors which effect the volume of bellows 36 as it expands, the graphic readout illustrated by charts 42 and 42a are calibrated for different compliance settings.
  • the vertical lines on the chart indicate the particular compliance setting since the actual volume of a lung simulated by the device varies depending on the compliance in a nonlinear fashion.
  • One reason for this variance is the compressibility of gas depending on the compliance pressure and the slight bulging of the bellows during inflation.
  • the volume scale must be calibrated for each setting of compliance. The result of these calibrations are curves represented generally by the horizontal lines on the charts. This method of calibrating the volume scale eliminates the slight error introduced by the variable spring force of spring 50 and variations in bellows volumes due to variable pressures.
  • panel 40 is pivotally mounted to back panel 22 of support case 10 in such a way that it is biased into either a generally vertical position illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 or a generally horizontal position illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the back panel 24 extends above top panel 18. Preferably, it extends a distance above top panel 18 to compensate for the vertical height of bellows 36 and movable plates 26 and 26a when the bellows are deflated. Panel 40 when in the horizontal position fits over the top of movable plates 26 and 26a.
  • a cover fits over and snaps onto the top of the case while a front panel snaps onto the open front end 20 of the support case.
  • the front panel (not shown) which snaps over the open front end 20 of the support case 10 includes a carrying handle so that the unit can be carried similar to a suitcase.
  • bottom 16 and rear panel 24 include a plurality of rubber bumpers 118 to permit supporting the unit on its bottom or end.
  • the upper margin 120 (FIG. 5) of end panel 24 is generally recessed vertically with respect to the upper corners 122 so that panel 40 can be pivotally mounted with respect to the corners 122 and hence fit slightly within the recessed area adjacent upper margin 120.
  • a square rod 124 extending the entire length of panel 40 is attached thereto along its lower margin at the rear surface.
  • a pin 126 is anchored in each end thereof and extends axially from bar 124 for receipt in a groove 128 (FIG. formed in the rear surface of corners 122. Pins 126 are retained in grooves 128 by a pair of resilient spring elements 130 (only one of which is shown) biased against bar 124.
  • Spring element 130 is spaced from panel 124 by a spacer block 132 (FIG. 3) and extends essentially vertically for engagement with the rearwardmost surface 138 of bar 124.
  • the urgency of spring element 130 against bar 134 is in a generally horizontal inward direction as described previously.
  • graphic panel 40 is manually flipped up into a vertical position as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5, the corner 140 of bar 124 cams spring element 130 rearwardly thereby increasing the effective force spring element 130.
  • the spring acts as a biased keeper assisting the upper movement of graphic panel 40 so that it snaps into the vertical position shown in FIG. 5.
  • the force of spring element 130 in effect becomes a keeper element retaining panel 40 in its vertical position.
  • FIG. 6 The same functional operation toward the horizontal orientation is shown in FIG. 6. Corner 140 cams the spring outwardly to increase its effective force rate and as soon as it passes the midpoint of rotation approximately 45 from either the vertical or horizontal, the spring urges panel 40 into its downwardly horizontal position as a result of its tendency to seek alignment with the lower surface 142 of bar 124.
  • the effect of spring element 130 is to urge panel 40 into either the horizontal or vertical orientation thereby preventing unintentional movement of the panel out of either selected position.
  • a rubber bumper 144 is positioned on the outer free end of the top surface of movable plate 26 so that when panel 40 is rotated into a horizontal storage position as shown in FIG. 7, the upper margin 146 is not permitted to come into contact with the top surface of plate 26.
  • bellows 36 are inflated.
  • the inflation of bellows 36 is generally vertical, it does move arcuately as it follows the pivotal movement of plate 26.
  • the bellows there is a tendency of the bellows to sag in certain directions and bulge in other directions since the axis of deflection through the center of the bellows is not a straight line.
  • Bracket 160 preferably consists of a sheet metal plate 162 having a punched hole 164 just larger than the pleat of the bellows. Bracket 160 is hinged at its inner end 166 by a pair of arms 167, 167a for rotation about the axis of pins 68 and so that it is free to move up and down with the bellows. However, it defines the position of the bellows in that it prevents for example, the midsection during inflation from sagging inwardly at the point of its smallest radius. Likewise, it prevents outward sagging or bulging. Preferably, the plate is confined about the bellows at its midsection to provide assistance throughout the operational position of bellows 36.
  • a pneumatic lung analog comprising, in combination; a frame; a bellows in said frame, said bellows simulating a lung, said bellows having a stationary end plate secured to said frame and a movable end plate secured to said frame, said movable end plate being pivotal relative to said stationary plate; said bellows having air inlet and air outlet means for inflating and deflating said bellows, said movable end plate pivoting away from said stationary end plate when theflow of air is into said bellows and moving toward said stationary end plate when the flow of air is out of said bellows, said air inlet means defining a passageway having a preselected cross section flow area to simulate a preselected flow resistance through the respiratory track; means biasing said movable end plate toward said stationary end plate, said biasing means acting as a resistance to the expansion of said bellows, said biasing means simulating the respiratory compliance in a lung; and indicating means associated with said movable end plate, said indicating means providing a performance read
  • said means biasing said movable end plate toward said stationary end plate is a spring connected at one end to said movable end plate and at the other end to said frame, said spring providing a force against said movable end plate urging it toward said stationary end plate when said bellows is expanded.
  • said attachment means includes a pair of spaced guide rails, one of said guide rails being anchored on said movable end plate and extending radially from the axis of pivot of said movable end plate, the other of said guide rails being anchored to said frame and aligned with said one guide rail, and clamp means movable along said guide rails for receiving the ends of said spring, said clamp means positioning said spring radially with respect to the pivot axis of said movable end plate.
  • said adjustment means includes a calibrated scale along one of said guide rails to provide a visual readout of the position of said spring relative the pivot axis of said movable end plate.
  • said adjustable stop is a shaft threadably anchored to said frame and extending toward said movable end plate, said shaft having a free end abutting said movable end plate when said bellows is deflated.
  • said stop is a wire means having a preselected length, one end of said wire means being anchored to said frame, the other end of said wire means being anchored to said movable end plate to limit the movement of said movable end plate away from said stationary plate.
  • the lung analog according to claim 1 wherein the axis of said bellows extends vertically when said bellows is deflated and said end plates extending horizontally, said movable end plate extending parallel to and spaced above said stationary end plate when said bellows is deflated; and adjustment means cooperatively associated with said movable end plate to neutralize the effect of its weight as a force acting against said bellows when said bellows is deflated.
  • said adjustment means is comprised of a spring anchored at one end to said movable end plate and at the other end to said frame, said spring when tensioned exerting a force on said movable end plate urging it away from said stationary plate.
  • said movable end plate includes a bracket extending vertically downwardly, said one end of said spring being attached to said bracket at a point spaced below said movable end plate, said spring extending horizontally beneath said movable end plate so that when said spring is tensioned, the force of said spring acts on said movable end plate through said spacing to create a moment urging said movable end plate to pivot away from said stationary end plate.
  • said indicating means is comprised of a panel having printed indicia thereon, said panel being positioned adjacent the free end of said movable end plate and generally perpendicular thereto when said bellows is deflated, said printed indicia having a locus of visual readouts indicating the simulated compliance and volume of the bellows at the associated free end of said movable end plate when pivoted relative the stationary end plate.
  • said indicating means further includes means retaining said panel in either of said selected positions to prevent unintentional movement towards the other of said positions.
  • said indicating means further includes resilient bumper means engageable with said panel in said generally horizontal position to avoid vibration of said panel during storing and transportation of said lung analog.
  • said means defining a passageway is comprised of a tube having a preselected cross section and length thereby defining a preselected volume flow at a preselected pressure, said tube being replaceable by similar tubes of varying cross section in order to simulate various respiratory resistances.
  • said retaining means comprises an annular ring means positioned about said one of the pleats and pivotally anchored to said frame by one or more brackets.
  • a pneumatic lung analog comprising, in combination: a housing; a pair of bellows anchored at one end to said housing, said bellows each having a movable plate means secured to the other end, each of said plate means being pivotally anchored to said housing so that when said bellows are inflated, said plates pivot arcuately relative to said housing; air inlet and outlet means for inflating and deflating each of said bellows independently of each other; first means associated with each of said bellows for controlling the flow of air into said bellows at a preselected flow rate at a preselected differential pressure to simulate lung resistance; second means associated with each of said bellows resisting the inflation of said bellows to simulate lung compliance; and third means associated with each of said bellows for indicating the differential pressure, volume and compliance of said bellows.
  • said lung analog according to claim 25 wherein said first means is comprised of one or more flow tubes connected to said inlet means and having an arbitrary length and cross section calibrated for a known volume flow at given pressure differentials.
  • each of said bellows includes separate air inlet means connected to a common source of air by individual flow tubes.
  • said second means is comprised of a spring means interconnected between said housing and movable plate means said spring means resisting inflating of said bellows by urging said movable plate means toward said one end of said bellows as said bellows are inflated.
  • said third means includes a panel positioned adjacent the free end of said plate means, said panel including graphic indicia on its face calibrated to indicate the volume and compliance of said bellows at each position thereof during inflation by comparing the position of the free end of said plate means along said graphic indicia.
  • said third means further includes pressure gauges associated with each of said bellows to provide a differential pressure readout.
  • said fourth means includes an adjustable spring means urging said plate means and bellows toward an inflated position, said adjustable spring means being preset to offset the gravitational weight of said bellows and plate means urging said bellows and plate means toward deflation.

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US00327503A 1973-01-29 1973-01-29 Pneumatic lung analog Expired - Lifetime US3808706A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00327503A US3808706A (en) 1973-01-29 1973-01-29 Pneumatic lung analog
GB330074A GB1456099A (en) 1973-01-29 1974-01-24 Pneumatic lung analogue
DE742403616A DE2403616C3 (de) 1973-01-29 1974-01-25 Pneumatisches MeBgerät
JP49010310A JPS529957B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-01-29 1974-01-25
SU7401993285A SU576583A1 (ru) 1973-01-29 1974-01-28 Механическа модель легких
FR7402762A FR2215664B1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-01-29 1974-01-28
US05/724,211 USRE29317E (en) 1973-01-29 1976-09-17 Pneumatic lung analog

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US05/724,211 Reissue USRE29317E (en) 1973-01-29 1976-09-17 Pneumatic lung analog

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Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3889660A (en) * 1973-10-04 1975-06-17 Searle Cardio Pulmonary Syst Spirometer
USD244637S (en) 1976-09-13 1977-06-07 Life Support Equipment Corporation Pulmonary function tester computer
US4060077A (en) * 1975-11-12 1977-11-29 Diana W. Friedman Respirator
USD246599S (en) * 1975-07-28 1977-12-06 Puritan-Bennett Corporation Pulmonary diagnostic instrument unit
US4146222A (en) * 1977-08-31 1979-03-27 Hribar Albert F Fluid filled exercise device
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FR2808207A1 (fr) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-02 Hemocare Dispositif de controle d'appareils d'assistance respiratoire et systeme de controle comprenant un tel dispositif
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US4060077A (en) * 1975-11-12 1977-11-29 Diana W. Friedman Respirator
USD244637S (en) 1976-09-13 1977-06-07 Life Support Equipment Corporation Pulmonary function tester computer
US4146222A (en) * 1977-08-31 1979-03-27 Hribar Albert F Fluid filled exercise device
US5767412A (en) * 1992-04-30 1998-06-16 L.A. Gear, Inc. Pneumatic pressure indicator
US5890908A (en) * 1992-05-13 1999-04-06 University Of Florida Research Foundation Apparatus for and method of simulating the injection and volatilizing of a volatile drug
US5868579A (en) * 1992-05-13 1999-02-09 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Apparatus and method for simulating lung sounds in a patient simulator
US5941710A (en) * 1992-05-13 1999-08-24 University Of Florida Research Foundation Apparatus and method of simulating the determination of continuous blood gases in a patient simulator
US5769641A (en) * 1992-05-13 1998-06-23 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Apparatus and method for synchronizing cardiac rhythm related events
US5772443A (en) * 1992-05-13 1998-06-30 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Apparatus and method for detecting and identifying a drug
US5772442A (en) * 1992-05-13 1998-06-30 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Apparatus and method for simulating bronchial resistance or dilation
US5779484A (en) * 1992-05-13 1998-07-14 University Of Florida Research Foundation Apparatus and method of stimulating breathing sounds
US5584701A (en) * 1992-05-13 1996-12-17 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Incorporated Self regulating lung for simulated medical procedures
US5882207A (en) * 1992-05-13 1999-03-16 University Of Florida Research Foundation Apparatus and method for quantifying fluid delivered to a patient simulator
US5403192A (en) * 1993-05-10 1995-04-04 Cae-Link Corporation Simulated human lung for anesthesiology simulation
US5385139A (en) * 1993-05-24 1995-01-31 Corn; Stephen B. Method and apparatus for testing anethesia machine valves
US5975748A (en) * 1996-09-30 1999-11-02 Ihc Health Services, Inc. Servo lung simulator and related control method
US6273728B1 (en) 1997-09-04 2001-08-14 The University Of Florida Life support simulation system simulating human physiological parameters
FR2808207A1 (fr) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-02 Hemocare Dispositif de controle d'appareils d'assistance respiratoire et systeme de controle comprenant un tel dispositif
WO2005104062A1 (en) * 2004-04-27 2005-11-03 Kings College London Lung simulator
US8192203B2 (en) 2004-11-24 2012-06-05 Imtmedical Ag Device for checking anesthesia and ventilation units
US20090215017A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2009-08-27 Imtmedical Ag Device for Checking Anesthesia and Ventilation Units
US20110167937A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2011-07-14 Imtmedical Ag Device for checking anesthesia and ventilation units
US8128411B2 (en) * 2004-11-24 2012-03-06 Imtmedical Ag Device for checking anesthesia and ventilation units
US11937872B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2024-03-26 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Epicardial ablation catheter and method of use
US11951303B2 (en) 2007-11-09 2024-04-09 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Steerable epicardial pacing catheter system placed via the subxiphoid process
US20120034588A9 (en) * 2008-01-11 2012-02-09 Einar Mestad Device for simulating variable lung compliance
WO2009088304A1 (en) 2008-01-11 2009-07-16 Laerdal Medical As A device for simulating variable lung compliance
AU2009203223B2 (en) * 2008-01-11 2013-11-14 Laerdal Medical As A device for simulating variable lung compliance
EP2243129A4 (en) * 2008-01-11 2014-05-21 Laerdal Medical As DEVICE FOR SIMULATING VARIABLE PULMONARY COMPLIANCE
US8764451B2 (en) * 2008-01-11 2014-07-01 Laerdal Medical As Device for simulating variable lung compliance
US20100285439A1 (en) * 2008-01-11 2010-11-11 Einar Mestad Device for simulating variable lung compliance
US8585412B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2013-11-19 Covidien Lp Configurable respiratory muscle pressure generator
US9642534B2 (en) 2009-09-11 2017-05-09 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Systems and methods for determining location of an access needle in a subject
US11083381B2 (en) 2009-09-11 2021-08-10 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Systems and methods for determining pressure frequency changes in a subject
US20130139819A1 (en) * 2009-12-10 2013-06-06 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Sleep apnea treatment device
US9218752B2 (en) * 2010-02-18 2015-12-22 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation System, method, and computer program product for simulating epicardial electrophysiology procedures
US20130108999A1 (en) * 2010-02-18 2013-05-02 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation System, method, and computer program product for simulating epicardial electrophysiology procedures
US11110238B2 (en) * 2012-01-27 2021-09-07 Safeguard Medical Hodco, LLC Resuscitator device
WO2013143933A1 (en) 2012-03-28 2013-10-03 Laerdal Global Health As Lung simulator
CN104998328A (zh) * 2015-07-08 2015-10-28 湖南明康中锦医疗科技发展有限公司 模拟肺装置及模拟肺装置运行系统
CN105212937A (zh) * 2015-10-28 2016-01-06 上海弘联医学科技集团有限公司 一种用于模拟可变的肺顺应性的装置及方法
CN105212937B (zh) * 2015-10-28 2018-05-04 上海弘联医学科技集团有限公司 一种用于模拟可变的肺顺应性的装置及方法
CN113963614A (zh) * 2017-01-27 2022-01-21 科玛科学公司 患者模拟器及相关设备、系统和方法
US11847933B2 (en) * 2017-01-27 2023-12-19 Gaumard Scientific Company, Inc. Patient simulator and associated devices, systems, and methods
US20210035472A1 (en) * 2017-01-27 2021-02-04 Gaumard Scientific Company, Inc. Patient simulator and associated devices, systems, and methods
CN110111644A (zh) * 2019-04-09 2019-08-09 长沙师范学院 一种能够调整力度的便携式乐器指力练习装置
US20230285699A1 (en) * 2020-06-04 2023-09-14 United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of Nasa Manual ventilators and methods for making ventilators
US20220108632A1 (en) * 2020-10-05 2022-04-07 Anthony David Wondka Physiologically-correct electro-mechanical Lung Simulator
US20220309957A1 (en) * 2021-03-29 2022-09-29 Cae Healthcare Canada Inc. Lung simulator
US11694578B2 (en) * 2021-03-29 2023-07-04 Cae Healthcare Canada Inc. Lung simulator
CN117982334A (zh) * 2024-04-02 2024-05-07 核工业四一六医院 一种心内科用心肺复苏装置

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DE2403616A1 (de) 1974-08-01
JPS529957B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1977-03-19
FR2215664A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-08-23
DE2403616C3 (de) 1979-03-08
SU576583A1 (ru) 1977-10-15
JPS49110193A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-10-19
FR2215664B1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1978-03-24
DE2403616B2 (de) 1978-07-13

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