US3808620A - Remote valve for pneumatic tool - Google Patents
Remote valve for pneumatic tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3808620A US3808620A US00244404A US24440472A US3808620A US 3808620 A US3808620 A US 3808620A US 00244404 A US00244404 A US 00244404A US 24440472 A US24440472 A US 24440472A US 3808620 A US3808620 A US 3808620A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- housing
- stem
- passage
- piston
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
- B25C1/00—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices
- B25C1/04—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by fluid pressure, e.g. by air pressure
- B25C1/041—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by fluid pressure, e.g. by air pressure with fixed main cylinder
- B25C1/043—Trigger valve and trigger mechanism
Definitions
- This invention relates to a remotevalve for a pneumatic tool having a pressure operated main valve.
- the remote valve of this invention will be manually actuatable, but it will of course be understood that in various arrangements, automatic mechanisms or the like can be utilized to-actuate the remote valve.
- the invention has great and particular utility in connection with pneumatic fastener applying devices.
- pneumatic fastener applying devices There is a vast body of patent art describing such tools, and exemplary reference may be made to U.S. reissue Pat. No. 26,262 in the name of A. G. Juilfs, issued on Sept. 5, 1967 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,278,104 inthe names of C. T. Becht et al., issued Oct. 11, 1966.
- the pneumatic fastener device includes a tool body or housing having a working cylinder disposed in the head portion.
- a piston and associated fastener driver are disposed for reciprocal motion within the working cylinder.
- Each of these patents also contemplates a main valve structure which both-controls the admission of compressed air into the working cylinder, andthe exhaust of compressed air from the working cylinder.
- air under pressure is admitted into the working cylinderto drive the piston in a working stroke.
- the upper portion of theworking cylinder is vented to atmosphere to permit the return stroke of the piston to its original position.
- the main valve structure is pneumatically actuated. More specifically, these tools each include a remote valve which is responsive to manual actuation, and which controls the main valve.
- actuation of the manual trigger is effective to move a slidable member in a remote valve, and movement of this member controls the fluid under pressure acting upon the main valve.
- the operator very slowly squeezes the trigger of the tool, he will cause a correspondingly slow change in the pressure of the fluid acting on the main valve. Since the main valve is actuated by pressure differentials, this slow squeezing of the trigger will have a very direct effect upon the speed of operation of the main valve.
- the slowing down of the operation of the main valve has a markedly detrimental effect on the efficiency of a fastener driving tool a detrimental effect which becomes more pronounced as the size of the tool increases. Failure of the main valve of a fastener driving tool to open quickly and completely may result in a sufticient loss of driving power to prevent the fastener from being fully driven into the work piece;
- this invention contemplates a remote valve for a pneumatic tool.
- the remote valve will normally be manually actuated by means of a trigger under the control of an operator.
- the remote valve of this invention includes a movable or oscillating stem which is effective to control the fluid under pressure acting upon the pneumatic main valve. Shifting or movement of the stem is accomplished by means of a manually actuatable trigger core which is effective upon movement to utilize fluid under pressure to cause the shifting of the oscillating stem.
- FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a pneumatic tool embodying the remote valve of this invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the remote valve of this invention in the initial position.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the valve of FIG. 2 in a second position of operation. 8
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the remote valve of FIG. 2 in a third position of operation.
- FIG. 1 illustrates somewhat schematically a fastener driving tool with which the remote valve of this invention may be utilized. A detailed description of other aspects of this tool is set forth in the copending application referred to above.
- the tool includes a housing having a head portion indicated generally at 10.
- the working cylinder 154 for the tool is disposed within the head portion 10, and a piston 146 and driver assembly are reciprocable in the working cylinder in opposed working and return strokes.
- valve shown in FIG. 1 is that of said copending applicaabove the piston is vented to atmosphere so that the piston may be returned to its initial position.
- the pneumatically actuated main valve according to U. S. Pat. No. 3,170,487 is ofa type wherein airunder pressure is normally admitted against the top surface of the valve to bias it to the closed position. Upon exhaust of that air, the main valve will be opened. Admission of further compressed air to the top surface of the main valve will cause it to close again.
- the tool shown in FIG. 1 also includes a handle portion indicated generally at 12, within which the remote valve indicated generally at 14 in FIG. 1 will be mounted.
- the interior of the handle portion 12 defines a reservoir 16 which will be in communication with a supply of air under pressure. This tool will be cycled by manual actuation of the trigger 18.
- FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 the remote valve of this invention will be described in detail. It will be recalled from FIG. I that the remote valve is mounted in the tool casting at essentially the juncture of the handle portion 12 and the head portion 10, and extends through the reservoir 16. In FIGS. 2 through 4, fragmentary portions of the tool casting are indicated at 20 and 22.
- the lower portion 22 of the casting is provided with the bores 24, 26, and 28.
- the upper portion of the casting 20 is provided with the bores and 32.
- the upper end of the bore 30 will be closed in part by a cap (not shown in these figures) which will be provided with a passage to atmosphere.
- valve housing or sleeve indicated generally at 34 is slidably received within the bore 24. It will be observed that the lower portion of the housing 34 is enlarged at 36 and provided with the O-ring 38 for sealing engagement with the walls of the bore 24.
- the upper portions 40a and 40b (which are of the same diameter) are slightly larger than the central portion 42 of the housing and noticeably smaller than the enlarged portion 36.
- the portions 40a and 40b are provided respectively with the sealing O-rings 44 and 46.
- valve housing Internally, the valve housing is provided at its upper and lower ends respectively with the bores 48 and 50. Intermediate these bores is the bore 52 of somewhat smaller diameter.
- valve sleeve is also provided with the radial apertures 54 providing communication between the bore and the reservoir 16, and the radial apertures 56 providing communication between the bore 52 and the exterior of the sleeve between the O-rings 44 and 46.
- the bores 30 and 32 in the casting portion 20 are each at least as large as the bore 24 in the casting portion 22.
- the valve sleeve can be placed in position through the top of the tool before the cap is secured in place.
- the spacing sleeve 58 may then be positioned in the bores 30 and 32. Sealing engagement between the external surface of the sleeve 58 and thebores 30 and 32 is accomplished by means of the O-rings 60 and 62.
- the sleeve is provided with the radial bores 64 between the O-rings 60 and 62 which communicates with the relieved area 66 on the interior of the sleeve.
- the trigger housing 68 Disposed within the lower portion of the bore 50 of the valve sleeve is the trigger housing 68.
- the trigger housing is provided on its exterior with the O-rings 70 and 72 which respectively maintain sealing engagement with the bore 50 in the housing 34 and the bore 26 in the casting portion 22.
- the upper portion of the trigger housing 68 is of reduced diameter so as to define an annular space 74 within the bore 50.
- the interior of the trigger housing is provided with the bores 76, 78, and of progressively decreasing diameters.
- the lowermost and of the trigger housing may be provided with the relieved area 82.
- the trigger housing is provided with one or more radial ports 84 extending between the annular space 74 and the bore 80.
- the trigger core 86 Slidable within the trigger housing is the trigger core 86.
- the trigger core 86 has an enlarged end 88 provided with the O-ring 90 to maintain sealing engagement in the bore 78 in the position illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the trigger core is also provided with the O-ring 92, which in the position shown in FIG. 2 will be disposed in the relieved area 82.
- the O-ring 92 Upon upward movement of the trigger core, the O-ring 92 will of course move into sealing engagement with the bore 80. It will be understood that the fit between the trigger core 86 and the bore 80 is not air-tight.
- the annular space 74 is in effect vented to atmosphere via the passage 84, through the passage 80, the relieved area 82 and the bore 28.
- the oscillating stem Slidably disposed within the upper portion of the valve housing 34 is the oscillating stem indicated generally at 94.
- the lowermost end of the stem 94 is provided with the O-ring 96 for sliding, sealing engagement in the bore 76.
- An intermediate portion 98 of the oscillating stem is of enlarged diameter and carries the O-ring 100 for sliding, sealing engagement in the bore 50 of the valve housing.
- the upper end of the oscillating stem 94 includes the portions 102a and 102b of the same diameter, provided respectively with the sealing O-rings 104a and 104b.
- the oscillating stern has a portion 106 of reduced diameter between the portions 102a and l02b.
- the oscillating stem is also provided with a cross bore 108 disposed between the O-rings 104b and 100, and an axial bore 110 extending from the cross bore 108 through the lower end of the stem.
- FIG. 2 The operation and interaction of the components previously identified will now be described.
- the handle reservoir 16 With the tool connected to a suitable supply of air under pressure, the handle reservoir 16 will of course be filled with such air under pressure. Air from the reservoir may pass through the radial port 54 in the valve housing, past the O-ring 104b, through the ports 56 in the valve housing, through the ports 64 in the spacing sleeve, and into the passage 112 in the casting portion 20.
- the passage 112 communicates with a portion of the main valve of the pneumatic tool.
- US. Pat. No. 3,170,487 in the names of A. G. .luilfs et al. and the said copending ap plication for a description of pneumatically actuated main valve which may be used with the remote valve of this invention. According to that patent and the application, compressed air passing through the passage 112 is effective to hold the main valve in the closed position.
- the effective area of the portion 98 of the oscillating stem is greater than the effective area 102a.
- the compressed fluid passing through the radial ports 54 with the components in the position shown is effective to bias the oscillating stem downwardly to the position shown.
- Air passing through the ports 54 can also pass through the cross bore 108 and axial bore 110 so as to act downwardly on the top surface of the portion 88 of the trigger core, normally air biasing this element to the down position.
- the annular area 74 will be vented to atmosphere via the radial port 84 and the clearance between the bore 80 and trigger core 86.
- the operator will depress the manual trigger 18, thereby raising the trigger core 86 to the position shown in FIG. 3.
- This upward motion of the trigger core will first bring the O-ring 92 into sealing engagement with the bore 80, thereby cutting off the exhaust for the annular space 74.
- the O-ring 90 will then move out of sealing engagement with the bore 78 and into the bore 76.
- This will permit compressed air from the reservoir to pass through the ports 54, the cross bore 108, the axial bore 110, around the O-ring 90, through the radial bore 84, and into the annular space 74.
- the air under pressure is effective to act upon the underside of the portion 98 of the oscillating stem. This overcomes the air bias previously referred to and rapidly shifts the oscillating stem upwardly to the position shown in FIG. 3.
- the O-ring 102a will move into the bore 48 and out of sealing engagement with the bore 52, As previously indicated, this will open a passage to atmosphere.
- air holding the main valve of the pneumatic tool closed may pass through the passage 112, through the radial ports 64, through the radial ports 56, past the O-ring l04a, and out the exhaust passage in the cap referred to earlier.
- This exhaust of the air holding the main valve closed will of course permit it to be opened pneumatically. This, as is well known in the art, will initiate the working cycle of the tool and cause the piston to be driven rapidly downwardly, thereby driving a fastener into a work piece.
- the remote valve of this invention is designed to accomplish such repetitive cycling.
- the portion 22 of the tool casting is provided with a passage 114 which will be supplied with air under pressure from the return air reservoir 154 only when the working piston has reached substantially the end of its working stroke.
- This compressed air from the passage 114 can act upon the underside of the portion 36 of the valve housing, overcoming the air bias referred to earlier. This will move the valve housing upwardly to the position shown in FIG. 4. In other words, the valve housing is moving upwardly relative to the oscillating stem, so that the relative positions of these components is the same as in FIG. 2. Compressed air can pass through the ports 54, past the O-ring 104b, through the ports 56, the ports 64, and into the passage 112 briefly closing the main valve, even though the manual trigger 18 remains actuated.
- the opening and closing of the main valve is controlled by movement of the oscillating stem.
- the oscillating stem in actual practice is extremely light in weight, and pneumatically actuated. Thus, its movement is extremely rapid.
- movement of the oscillating stem is pneumatically controlled. That is, it is normally air biased down. As soon as the total upward force on the oscillating stem is greater than the total downward force, just cracking the lowermost seal, air under pressure can effectively be applied to the entire bottom surface of the stem, very rapidly moving it to the full up position.
- a tool adapted to be connected to a source of fluid under pressure, and having a pneumatically actuated main valve for controlling the flow of said fluid under pressure, a cylinder and a working piston reciprocable therein under control of said main valve, said tool having an air return reservoir adapted to be charged with fluid by said piston at substantially the end of its working stroke, and having a remote valve, the improvement comprising:
- a stem (94) providing valves (102a, l02b) slidable in said housing between a lower position in which it connects said source of fluid under pressure with said main valve, and an upper position in which it connects said main valve with said exhaust passage;
- said stem having a piston element (98) having a downwardly extending shank;
- a trigger valve having a shank (86) disposed in said reduced diameter bore with clearance;
- said stem is normally biased to its lower position by said fluid under pressure, and whereby upon actuation of said trigger valve, said fluid under pressure has access to the underside of said stem piston to overcome said bias, and move said stem to its upper position.
- valve housing is movable between first and second positions.
- the remote valve claimed in claim 3 including means to move said valve housing from said first position to said second position and back.
- the remote valve claimed in claim 3 including means normally biasing said valve housing to said first position, and passage means for utilizing compressed fluid to overcome said bias and move said valve housing to said second position.
- valve housing is reciprocable between a lower position and an upper position and is provided with a piston element, a cylinder element for said piston element, a passage communicating between said air return reservoir and said cylinder element below the piston element of said valve housing, and means for blocking said last mentioned passage; whereby, when said last named passage is blocked, the stem is normally biased to its lower position by said fluid under pressure, and upon actuation of said trigger valve said fluid under pressure has access to the underside of said stem piston to overcome said bias and move said stem to its upper position to actuate said main valve and thereby the working piston, and upon release of said trigger valve to return all parts to their original position; and when said last named passage is opened, the fluid charged into said'air return reservoir substantially at the end of the working stroke of the working piston, is applied to said housing piston element to move it to its upper position in which its relationship to said stem is reestablished, and said tool then continues to operate automatically so long as said trigger valve is actuated.
- the remote valve claimed in claim 8 including means normally biasing said stem to one position.
- the remote valve claimed in claim 8 including means normally biasing said valve housing to one posivalve housing is slidably mounted in said tool.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
- Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00244404A US3808620A (en) | 1972-04-17 | 1972-04-17 | Remote valve for pneumatic tool |
GB384573A GB1386704A (en) | 1972-04-17 | 1973-01-25 | Remote valve for pneumatic tool |
JP48023783A JPS5134144B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) | 1972-04-17 | 1973-03-01 | |
NL737303548A NL154139B (nl) | 1972-04-17 | 1973-03-14 | Met een drukmiddel werkend gereedschap voor het in een werkstuk drijven van bevestigingsmiddelen. |
DE19732314209 DE2314209C3 (de) | 1972-04-17 | 1973-03-22 | Hilfsventil zum Steuern des Einlaß- und Auslaßventils eines Druckluftnagler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00244404A US3808620A (en) | 1972-04-17 | 1972-04-17 | Remote valve for pneumatic tool |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3808620A true US3808620A (en) | 1974-05-07 |
Family
ID=22922610
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00244404A Expired - Lifetime US3808620A (en) | 1972-04-17 | 1972-04-17 | Remote valve for pneumatic tool |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3808620A (enrdf_load_html_response) |
JP (1) | JPS5134144B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) |
GB (1) | GB1386704A (enrdf_load_html_response) |
NL (1) | NL154139B (enrdf_load_html_response) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3964659A (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1976-06-22 | Senco Products, Inc. | Safety firing control means for a fluid operated tool |
US4053093A (en) * | 1975-11-28 | 1977-10-11 | Thueringer Stephen E | Air-actuated stapling gun improvement |
DE3222949A1 (de) * | 1981-11-16 | 1983-06-01 | Senco Products, Inc., 45244 Cincinnati, Ohio | Automatische abschussvorrichtung fuer ein pneumatisch betriebenes werkzeug |
DE8801114U1 (de) * | 1988-01-30 | 1988-03-31 | Joh. Friedrich Behrens AG, 2070 Ahrensburg | Steuerventileinrichtung an einem mit Druckluft betriebenen Gerät zum Eintreiben von Befestigungsmitteln |
DE3837694A1 (de) * | 1987-11-05 | 1989-05-24 | Max Co Ltd | Schlagwerkzeug |
DE3910736A1 (de) * | 1988-04-01 | 1989-10-26 | Hitachi Koki Kk | Nagelmaschine |
US6745928B2 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2004-06-08 | Hitachi Co., Ltd | Trigger valve apparatus for pneumatic tool |
US20050156008A1 (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2005-07-21 | Yoshiichi Komazaki | Pneumatically operated fastener driving tool |
US20060180632A1 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2006-08-17 | Haruhiko Oouchi | Pneumatically operated power tool having mechanism for changing compressed air pressure |
US7225961B1 (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-06-05 | Samson Power Tool Co., Ltd. | Air path arrangement for pneumatic nail gun |
US20070261546A1 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2007-11-15 | Samson Power Tool Co., Ltd. | Switch mechanism for trigger of pneumatic tools |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3278104A (en) * | 1965-09-14 | 1966-10-11 | Senco Products | Fastener applying device |
US3583496A (en) * | 1969-02-19 | 1971-06-08 | Behrens Friedrich Joh | Compressed air-operated drive-in apparatus to drive-in fastening means such as nails, staples or the like |
US3730414A (en) * | 1971-08-25 | 1973-05-01 | Senco Products | Fastener applying device |
-
1972
- 1972-04-17 US US00244404A patent/US3808620A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1973
- 1973-01-25 GB GB384573A patent/GB1386704A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-03-01 JP JP48023783A patent/JPS5134144B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1973-03-14 NL NL737303548A patent/NL154139B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3278104A (en) * | 1965-09-14 | 1966-10-11 | Senco Products | Fastener applying device |
US3583496A (en) * | 1969-02-19 | 1971-06-08 | Behrens Friedrich Joh | Compressed air-operated drive-in apparatus to drive-in fastening means such as nails, staples or the like |
US3730414A (en) * | 1971-08-25 | 1973-05-01 | Senco Products | Fastener applying device |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3964659A (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1976-06-22 | Senco Products, Inc. | Safety firing control means for a fluid operated tool |
US4053093A (en) * | 1975-11-28 | 1977-10-11 | Thueringer Stephen E | Air-actuated stapling gun improvement |
DE3222949A1 (de) * | 1981-11-16 | 1983-06-01 | Senco Products, Inc., 45244 Cincinnati, Ohio | Automatische abschussvorrichtung fuer ein pneumatisch betriebenes werkzeug |
US4436237A (en) | 1981-11-16 | 1984-03-13 | Senco Products, Inc. | Automatic firing system for pneumatic tools |
DE3837694A1 (de) * | 1987-11-05 | 1989-05-24 | Max Co Ltd | Schlagwerkzeug |
DE8801114U1 (de) * | 1988-01-30 | 1988-03-31 | Joh. Friedrich Behrens AG, 2070 Ahrensburg | Steuerventileinrichtung an einem mit Druckluft betriebenen Gerät zum Eintreiben von Befestigungsmitteln |
US4915013A (en) * | 1988-01-30 | 1990-04-10 | Joh. Friedrich Behrens Ag | Control valve means for pressurized air-operated devices for driving fasteners into workpieces |
DE3910736A1 (de) * | 1988-04-01 | 1989-10-26 | Hitachi Koki Kk | Nagelmaschine |
US5046653A (en) * | 1988-04-01 | 1991-09-10 | Hitachi Koki Company, Limited | Fastener driving tool |
US20040188488A1 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2004-09-30 | Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. | Trigger valve apparatus for a pneumatic tool |
US6745928B2 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2004-06-08 | Hitachi Co., Ltd | Trigger valve apparatus for pneumatic tool |
US7014089B2 (en) | 2000-01-24 | 2006-03-21 | Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. | Trigger valve apparatus for pneumatic tool |
US20060180632A1 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2006-08-17 | Haruhiko Oouchi | Pneumatically operated power tool having mechanism for changing compressed air pressure |
US7255257B2 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2007-08-14 | Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. | Pneumatically operated power tool having mechanism for changing compressed air pressure |
US20050156008A1 (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2005-07-21 | Yoshiichi Komazaki | Pneumatically operated fastener driving tool |
US7156012B2 (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2007-01-02 | Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. | Pneumatically operated fastener driving tool |
US20070113733A1 (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2007-05-24 | Yoshiichi Komazaki | Pneumatically operated fastener driving tool |
US7398647B2 (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2008-07-15 | Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. | Pneumatically operated fastener driving tool |
US20070261546A1 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2007-11-15 | Samson Power Tool Co., Ltd. | Switch mechanism for trigger of pneumatic tools |
US7225961B1 (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-06-05 | Samson Power Tool Co., Ltd. | Air path arrangement for pneumatic nail gun |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5134144B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) | 1976-09-24 |
NL154139B (nl) | 1977-08-15 |
GB1386704A (en) | 1975-03-12 |
DE2314209A1 (de) | 1973-10-31 |
DE2314209B2 (de) | 1976-04-15 |
NL7303548A (enrdf_load_html_response) | 1973-10-19 |
JPS4920771A (enrdf_load_html_response) | 1974-02-23 |
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