US3807846A - Grid and co-ordinate location projection system - Google Patents

Grid and co-ordinate location projection system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3807846A
US3807846A US00261677A US26167772A US3807846A US 3807846 A US3807846 A US 3807846A US 00261677 A US00261677 A US 00261677A US 26167772 A US26167772 A US 26167772A US 3807846 A US3807846 A US 3807846A
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United States
Prior art keywords
grid
screen
aperture
ordinate
path
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00261677A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Swank
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NCR Voyix Corp
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Ncr
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Priority to US00261677A priority Critical patent/US3807846A/en
Priority to CA168,614A priority patent/CA996382A/en
Priority to GB2647873A priority patent/GB1379344A/en
Priority to DE2328817A priority patent/DE2328817C3/de
Priority to JP48064337A priority patent/JPS4957839A/ja
Priority to FR7321175A priority patent/FR2188854A5/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3807846A publication Critical patent/US3807846A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/10—Projectors with built-in or built-on screen
    • G03B21/11—Projectors with built-in or built-on screen for microfilm reading
    • G03B21/115—Projectors with built-in or built-on screen for microfilm reading of microfiches

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In a microform reader, a grid is permanently inserted into the optical system near the projection lens, and a pair of crosshairs, remotely controlled, are located near the plane of the grid. The cross hairs provide a visual co-ordinate location within the grid pattern.
  • a remotely controlled aperture stop is insertable into the optical path when it is desired to project a shadow image of the grid and the crosshairs onto the screen to aid in determining the location of information on the microform for rapid retrieval thereof.
  • One of the ways and means for such indication is to provide an index system on the reader wherein the rows and columns of images on the microfiche are readily available and are observed by the operator, which index system contains a schedule corresponding to that of the rows and columns of images.
  • Another of the ways and means for such indication is to provide additional apparatus within the projection system of the reader whereby an array pattern is superimposed on the screen over the microfiche data to permit the operator to rapidly move the microfiche to the desired position.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,319,518 issued to C. O. Carlson shows and describes a system for retrieving microimages formed on superpositioned microforms wherein alternate display of either form is provided by moving the position of the objective lens. Additionally, an indexing arrangement is placed adjacent the microform and simultaneous display of index data and one of the microforms is seen on the screen to locate a selected set of images on the form. A small amount of light is split from the beam to project the index data onto one screen while directing the beam to another screen to display the image.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,472,585 issued to R. A. Halberg and J. L. Sundquist shows and describes image 10- cating means for a projection device wherein a template bearing format corresponding to that of a microfiche indicates to the operator the position of the images on the fiche.
  • the present invention relates to projection systems and more particularly to the use of a grid and coordinate pattern in the optical path to effect the location of desired information for rapid retrieval thereof.
  • information retrieval apparatus such as is exemplified by microforms and readers therefor, the operator places the microform into the reader wherein the optical path of the projection system is available to project any of the microimages, by movement of the microform, onto a screen for viewing an enlarged image.
  • a transparent plate, or the like, is permanently inserted into the optical path between the projection lens and the screen, the plate having a grid pattern etched or scribed thereon, and a pair of crosshairs are supported in a position near the plane of the grid pattern.
  • a movable aperture stop is arranged to be inserted into and removed from the optical path.
  • the aperture stop may be in the form of a plate having a plurality of apertures therein, a selected aperture being matched to a particular magnification ratio of a lens in the projection assembly.
  • the crosshairs can be attached to a deflection device such as a meter movement or other suitable means or they can be moved by means of a mechanical linkage connected to the microfiche holder and thereby move with the movement of the holder to aid in determining the particular location of an image on the fiche.
  • the crosshairs show the location of the microfiche in relation to the projection lens and as the holder is moved, the crosshairs likewise move across the grid to give an indication to the operator.
  • the grid and the co-ordinates appear as shadows super imposed over the microfiche information projected onto the screen, thereby providing a coarse and fine indication of the position of the fiche, the coarse indication being that displayed by the grid and coordinate, and the fine indication being the display of the row and column numbers in the portion of the fiche observed.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide apparatus for rapid retrieval of information on a microform.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide means for indicating the location of a microform in relation to the projection lens optical axis.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide microform position'indicating means observable on the reader screen to enable rapid retrieval of the microform information.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to provide a grid and co-ordinate location of microimages wherein the co-ordinates are movable into the light projection path and appear as shadows on the reader screen.
  • a final object of the present invention is to provide for superimposition of a grid and co-ordinate shadow image over a microform image for locating a desired image.
  • FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a microform reader incorporating the structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing parts of the optical system employed in the reader
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view in side elevation of the transparency carrier, the projection lens assembly, and the mechanism associated with the transparency carrier for superimposing an image on the screen;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a plate containing the grid thereon
  • FIGS. 5-10 are diagrammatic views showing certain theory used in the practice of the invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic view showing a typical electromechanical system relating the movement of the microform holder to the co-ordinates associated with the grid.
  • a microform reader or viewer has a generally rectangular-shaped base portion 12 supporting an upper box-like enclosure 14, the base portion containing a source of light 16 directed upwardly through an aperture 18 in a frame plate 20 and through a projection lens assembly 22.
  • the enclosure 14 contains an upwardly positioned mirror 24 (FIG. 3) held at an angle to reflect an image onto a rearwardly positioned mirror 25 also held at an angle to carry the reflected image onto a screen 26, in a vertical position at the front of the reader enclosure 14, for viewing by the operator.
  • the light from source 16 as seen in diagrammatic form in FIG.
  • microfilm or microform 28 shines in a path through the aperture 18, through a microfilm or microform 28, and through the projection lens assembly 22 to mirror 24, then to mirror 25 which reflects the image onto the screen 26.
  • the microfilm or microform 28 is carried in a holder 30 (FIG. 2) which holder is movable in the X and Y directions at the option of the operator for observing a desired microimage on the film and which microimage is magnified and projected onto the screen in enlarged image form.
  • the images on the microfilm cannot be read by the human eye and therefore it is impossible to read the location or position of a particular microimage without the aid of magnifying means. Since it is desirable to locate such particular microimage as quickly as possible when using the reader, means should be provided within the reader for moving the holder 30 containing the microfilm 28 to a position generally corresponding to the area of a microimage which is within the knowledge of the operator. In other words, the operator may know generally the format of the columns and rows of microimages on a particular film and thereby enable moving of the film to such area for projection of certain images onto the screen. However, even when the general'area of the desired microimages appears on the screen it is important to view the particular image as quickly as possible.
  • the present invention provides for coarse tuning followed by a fine tuning of the pattern of microimages for retrieval of the desired information.
  • a transparent plate 40 rigidly held in place by suitable means, the plate having scribed or etched thereon a plurality of intersecting lines 42, 44 to form a grid-like pattern, as seen in FIG. 4.
  • the scribed or etched lines 42, 44 are viewable on the screen 26 under certain conditions and are used for indicating or locating the position of the image desired to be read.
  • Adjacent the plate 40, FIGS. 3 and 4 are a set of co-ordinates in the form of crosshairs 46, 48 which are supported and carried in a manner to permit movement of the crosshairs as a unit whenever the microform holder is moved about by the operator.
  • the lines 42, 44 of the grid are viewable on the screen 26 only under certain conditions.
  • the grid and co-ordinates do not appear on the screen because of the positioning of the elements along the path of light at a certain distance from the projection lens. This distance is selected at a range of 2-3 inches from the projection lens to effect a proper image on the screen under these certain conditions, which will be described later.
  • FIG. 2 which shows certain of the containments within the base portion 12, the light source 16 and its associated parts are supported from a tray 60, the tray being slidable out the front of the base portion for maintenance purposes.
  • a plate 62 is inserted over the source 16 when it is desired to superimpose the grid shadow over the particular microimages.
  • the plate 62 may include a plurality of different sized apertures 63 therein aligned in a manner so that upon sliding of the plate across the source of light, a real image of the aperture is formed between the projection lens and the grid which, in turn, acts as a point source illuminating the grid and projecting the shadow of the grid onto the screen.
  • the different sized apertures also permit the use of lenses of different magnification ratios in a typical reader.
  • FIGS. 5-10 have been included in the application, wherein FIG. 5 shows a point light source 75 which radiates light rays equally in all directions and producing illumination on the screen 76.
  • a small point 77 of finite size is located along the optical axis between the point light source 75 and the screen 76, a shadow 78 is projected onto the screen.
  • FIG. 6 shows a system that produces essentially the same optical results as shown in FIG. 5, except that the small point light source is now produced by inserting an aperture stop 79 into a light beam which then passes through a condenser lens 80 and is reimaged at point 81 on the other side of the lens from the aperture stop 79.
  • This virtual image 81 produced by aperture stop 79 then acts as a point light source for the finite size point 82 to cast a shadow 83 of point 81 onto the screen 84.
  • FIG. 7 is shown a microform or microfiche 90 which is imaged onto the, screen 91 by means of the projection lens 92.
  • Each point 0 of the microfiche located at the film plane radiates light energy toward the projection lens thereby producing light rays OA, OB, OC, OD, and OE.
  • These typical rays are then bent by the projection lens 92 and all will converge again at the screen plane 91 at the location indicated as S. If the point 95 is introduced into this system, all of the typical rays except E-S will converge at the screen plane.
  • FIG. 8 shows a microfilm projection system consisting of a filament 100, a condenser lens 101 which lens reimages the filament into the plane 99 of a projection lens 102.
  • the object film plane is located in a manner at 98 so that it is not at the image plane of the filament, but is imaged onto the screen by means of the projection lens 102. Also included in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a grid screen 103 which is inserted and positioned near the projection lens 102, and which grid corresponds optically to point 95 in FIG. 7.
  • the grid 103 close to the projection lens 102, the grid is projected onto the screen 104 in a manner that the image 105 of the grid 103 is badly blurred and cannot be observed by the operator.
  • This concept is also similar to that in FIG. 6 to produce a net dimming of the screen 104, but with no loss of resolution assuming that the grid pattern 103 is comprised of fine lines and is relatively simple. In this way it can be seen that the introduction of the grid 103 has not affected the microfilm projection system in any way other than to produce a slight dimming of the screen brightness.
  • FIG. 9 The same optical system of FIG. 8 is shown in FIG. 9 wherein an aperture stop has been introduced and is inserted into the illumination path beyond a condenser lens 114, the aperturev stop permitting only a small amount of the luminous flux from the filament 111 to pass therethrough and having an object film plane at 117.
  • This flux is captured by the projection lens 112 and is reimaged at 113 to form the image of the aperture stop, and wherein this virtual aperture stop 113 is seen to appear as an apparent point source of light which, in turn, is projected onto the screen 115. Since the grid 116 lies between this point source of light and the screen 115, the image of the grid (shadow of the grid) is thus projected onto the screen.
  • FIG. 10 shows another way and means for accomplishing similar results as FIG. 9, namely the projection of the grid and crosshairs onto the screen.
  • an aperture stop 120 is inserted into the optical path beyond the condenser lens 119 and near the filament 121, and is reimaged to form an image 122 of the stop, the object image plane being at 127, and which stop image, in turn, is reimaged on the other side of the projection lens 123 to produce an apparent point source of light 124.
  • a grid 125 is positioned between the apparent point 124 and the screen 126 whereon a shadow of the grid appears when the aperture stop 120 is inserted into the optical path.
  • a solenoid 130 is positioned within the tray and includes a plunger 131 connected to the plate 62 by means of a pin 132.
  • a spring 133 is connected to the pin 132 and a bracket 134 secured to the tray, whereby when it is desired to insert the aperture stop 62 into the optical path, a button or switch 135 is pushed to energize the solenoid 130 and to move the aperture plate forward or to the right in FIG. 2 where one of the apertures 63 will be positioned over the light source 16.
  • the pin 132 can be made removable to provide for adjustment in the lengthof travel of the aperture plate 62 if a different aperture is desired. Other means for controlling the positioning of the aperture plate may be by manual mechanical operation or by pneumatic methods.
  • FIG. 1 1 is shown a preferred method of controlling the position of the co-ordinates or crosshairs 46, 48 in relation to movement of the microfiche holder 30.
  • a wiper 141 secured to the holder 30 slides on a resistor 142 supported from member 140.
  • a change in resistance moves the pointer 143 of a meter 144 which is energized by means of a power supply 145 and controlled by the switch 135, through leads 147, 148, and 149, with leads 163 and 164 being connected to the sole noid 130.
  • a wiper 156 secured to the holder 30 slides on a resistor 157 supported from member 155.
  • a change in resistance moves the pointer 158 of a meter 159 which is energized from an extension lead 160 of lead 148, and controlled by leads 161 and 162.
  • the meters 144 and 159 have pointer extensions which are the crosshairs 46, 48 to effect the coordinates as seen across the grid image on the screen.
  • the pointer extensions are positioned over the projection lens and located as closely as possible to the grid without interference in operation. It may be convenient to place one crosshair above the grid and the other below. Any non-linearity introduced into the system by the positioning and characteristics of the meters and their movements can be nullified by the use of electrically non-linear resistors 142 and 157.
  • a simple mechanical method of connecting the crosshairs and causing movement thereof in relation to the microfiche holder may be accomplished by the use of cables and pulleys so positioned and located to maintain a taut control over the system.
  • a grid and co-ordinate projection system wherein a grid has been added to the illumination system and an aperture stop is insertable between the light source and the projection lens to effect a redistribution of the light by the aperture and to project a shadow of the grid on the screen.
  • the aperture stop is removed from the illumination system, the reader works normally, except that the screen brightness is reduced slightly by the presence of the grid. It must be noted, though, that the image of the grid is so greatly blurred that it cannot be discerned on the screen because the grid lines are finely constructed andthe grid is located close to the projection lens.
  • the film When the grid is in place and the film is located at the film plane, the film will be projected onto the screen and can be easily read with no reduction in resolution.
  • the aperture stop When the aperture stop is inserted into the optical path, the shadow of the grid is projected onto the screen and the image of the film at the film plane also is projected onto the screen.
  • the grid lines appear boldly on the screen while the film image is dimmed slightly but can easily be read.
  • the switch 135 is activated and the aperture stop is moved into place, it may be desirable to increase the lamp voltage and bring the screen brightness up to a more suitable level.
  • Tl-le crosshairs are located in approximately the same plane as the grid and as the microform holder is moved, the crosshairs move across the grid to indicate to the operator the location of the microforms in relation to the projection lens.
  • Projection apparatus for viewing microimages comprising a microimage holder, a
  • projection lens assembly for focusing rays from the light source along a path to a viewing screen for display of an enlarged image thereon
  • co-ordinate means connected with the microimage holder and movable across the grid means
  • the grid means comprises a transparent plate with intersecting scribe lines thereon.
  • the aperture means comprises a plate having a plurality of apertures therein and movable into and out of the optical path of the light source.
  • Means for indicating the position of microimages in relation to a projection lens assembly comprising a microimage holder, said lens assembly projecting an enlargement of said microimages onto a viewing screen, a
  • aperture plate defining an aperture therein and positioned to be moved to place the aperture into and out of the path of projection of the lens assembly
  • coordinate members comprise crosshairs movable with the microimage holder.
  • controlling means comprises a manually operated direct linkage.
  • a method of indicating to the operator the location of microimages in relation to a projection lens assembly by use of a grid and movable co-ordinate members comprising the steps of placing the grid and co-ordinate members into the path of light rays projected onto a viewing screen, moving the microimages into said path for viewing thereof, such movement causing the co-ordinate members to move across the grid in a manner corresponding to the position of the microimages, and

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)
US00261677A 1972-06-12 1972-06-12 Grid and co-ordinate location projection system Expired - Lifetime US3807846A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00261677A US3807846A (en) 1972-06-12 1972-06-12 Grid and co-ordinate location projection system
CA168,614A CA996382A (en) 1972-06-12 1973-04-12 Grid and co-ordinate location projection system
GB2647873A GB1379344A (en) 1972-06-12 1973-06-04 Micro-image reader
DE2328817A DE2328817C3 (de) 1972-06-12 1973-06-06 Einrichtung zum Aufsuchen von Mikrobildern
JP48064337A JPS4957839A (fr) 1972-06-12 1973-06-07
FR7321175A FR2188854A5 (fr) 1972-06-12 1973-06-12

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00261677A US3807846A (en) 1972-06-12 1972-06-12 Grid and co-ordinate location projection system

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US3807846A true US3807846A (en) 1974-04-30

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US00261677A Expired - Lifetime US3807846A (en) 1972-06-12 1972-06-12 Grid and co-ordinate location projection system

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US (1) US3807846A (fr)
JP (1) JPS4957839A (fr)
CA (1) CA996382A (fr)
DE (1) DE2328817C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2188854A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1379344A (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3988059A (en) * 1975-06-23 1976-10-26 Sanders Associates, Inc. Projector
US4291954A (en) * 1980-01-24 1981-09-29 Polaroid Corporation Audiovisual system with improved moving light pointer
US4336483A (en) * 1980-01-24 1982-06-22 Polaroid Corporation Capacitive position sensor
US4468560A (en) * 1982-02-11 1984-08-28 Hitachi, Ltd. Electron microscope equipped with measuring facility
US5024512A (en) * 1986-07-18 1991-06-18 American Photo Systems, Inc. Microfilm reader with microfilm and reticle images provided to each of two binocular eyepieces
US5560696A (en) * 1995-04-07 1996-10-01 Orlich; William N. Method and apparatus for establishing an alignment grid or pattern
US6129553A (en) * 1998-10-09 2000-10-10 Nix Company Ltd. Film image display system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3437654A1 (de) * 1984-10-13 1986-04-17 MAP Mikrofilm Apparatebau Dr. Poehler GmbH & Co KG, 6352 Ober-Mörlen Verfahren zum projizieren von filmbildern sowie mikrofilm-lesegeraet zu seiner durchfuehrung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3244067A (en) * 1962-11-14 1966-04-05 Jonker Business Machines Inc Optical retrieval apparatus of the peekaboo type
US3319518A (en) * 1965-02-17 1967-05-16 Ncr Co System for retrieving microimages formed on superpositioned microforms and the like
US3410640A (en) * 1966-02-21 1968-11-12 Escoa Corp Multiple ordinate locating instrument

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3244067A (en) * 1962-11-14 1966-04-05 Jonker Business Machines Inc Optical retrieval apparatus of the peekaboo type
US3319518A (en) * 1965-02-17 1967-05-16 Ncr Co System for retrieving microimages formed on superpositioned microforms and the like
US3410640A (en) * 1966-02-21 1968-11-12 Escoa Corp Multiple ordinate locating instrument

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3988059A (en) * 1975-06-23 1976-10-26 Sanders Associates, Inc. Projector
US4291954A (en) * 1980-01-24 1981-09-29 Polaroid Corporation Audiovisual system with improved moving light pointer
US4336483A (en) * 1980-01-24 1982-06-22 Polaroid Corporation Capacitive position sensor
US4468560A (en) * 1982-02-11 1984-08-28 Hitachi, Ltd. Electron microscope equipped with measuring facility
US5024512A (en) * 1986-07-18 1991-06-18 American Photo Systems, Inc. Microfilm reader with microfilm and reticle images provided to each of two binocular eyepieces
US5560696A (en) * 1995-04-07 1996-10-01 Orlich; William N. Method and apparatus for establishing an alignment grid or pattern
US6129553A (en) * 1998-10-09 2000-10-10 Nix Company Ltd. Film image display system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2328817B2 (de) 1978-08-10
FR2188854A5 (fr) 1974-01-18
CA996382A (en) 1976-09-07
JPS4957839A (fr) 1974-06-05
DE2328817A1 (de) 1974-01-03
DE2328817C3 (de) 1979-04-19
GB1379344A (en) 1975-01-02

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