US3806761A - Gas discharge device with improved memory margin - Google Patents

Gas discharge device with improved memory margin Download PDF

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Publication number
US3806761A
US3806761A US00174046A US17404671A US3806761A US 3806761 A US3806761 A US 3806761A US 00174046 A US00174046 A US 00174046A US 17404671 A US17404671 A US 17404671A US 3806761 A US3806761 A US 3806761A
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Prior art keywords
argon
torr
gaseous medium
pressure
panel
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US00174046A
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English (en)
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W Bode
J Miller
N Photos
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Techneglas LLC
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Owens Illinois Inc
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Priority to US00174046A priority Critical patent/US3806761A/en
Priority to CA149,635A priority patent/CA961087A/en
Priority to FR7229839A priority patent/FR2150414B1/fr
Priority to IT52305/72A priority patent/IT962188B/it
Priority to DE2241181A priority patent/DE2241181C3/de
Priority to JP8442272A priority patent/JPS538190B2/ja
Priority to GB3927072A priority patent/GB1408593A/en
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Publication of US3806761A publication Critical patent/US3806761A/en
Assigned to OWENS-ILLINOIS TELEVISION PRODUCTS INC. reassignment OWENS-ILLINOIS TELEVISION PRODUCTS INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC., A CORP. OF OHIO
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J11/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with alternating current induction of the discharge, e.g. alternating current plasma display panels [AC-PDP]; Gas-filled discharge tubes without any main electrode inside the vessel; Gas-filled discharge tubes with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • H01J11/20—Constructional details
    • H01J11/54—Means for exhausting the gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J11/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with alternating current induction of the discharge, e.g. alternating current plasma display panels [AC-PDP]; Gas-filled discharge tubes without any main electrode inside the vessel; Gas-filled discharge tubes with at least one main electrode outside the vessel

Definitions

  • a multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having an electrical memory and capable of producing a visual display
  • the panel being characterized by an ionizable gaseous medium in a gas chamber formed by a pair of opposed dielectric material charge storage members, each of which is respectively backed by an array of electrodes, the electrodes behind each dielectric material member being oriented with respect to the electrodes behind the opposing dielectric material member so as to define a plurality of discrete discharge volumes, each of which constitutes a discharge unit.
  • ARGON CONCENTRATION PERCENT ATONS
  • PATENTED APR 2 3 I974 SHEET 10? 3 4 .04 .06
  • ARGON CONCENTRATION PERCENT ATOMS
  • This invention relates to novel multiple gas discharge display/memory panels or units which have an electrical memory and which are capable of producing a visual display or representation of data such as numerals, letters, radar displays, aircraft displays, binary words, educational displays, etc.
  • Multiple gas discharge display and/or memory panels of one particular type with which the present invention is concerned are characterized by an ionizable gaseous medium, usually a mixture of at least two gases at an appropriae gas pressure, in a thin gas chamber or space between a pair of opposed dielectric charge storage members which are backed by conductor (electrode) members, the conductor members backing each dielectric member typically being transversely oriented so as to define a plurality of discrete discharge volumes, each constituting a discharge unit.
  • an ionizable gaseous medium usually a mixture of at least two gases at an appropriae gas pressure
  • the discharge units are additionally defined by surrounding or confining physical structure such as by cells or apertures in perforated glass plates and the like so as to be physically isolated relative to other units.
  • charges electrospray, ions
  • the discharge units are additionally defined by surrounding or confining physical structure such as by cells or apertures in perforated glass plates and the like so as to be physically isolated relative to other units.
  • the dielectric layers prevent the passage of substantial conductive current from the conductor members to the gaseous medium and also serve as collecting surfaces for ionized gaseous medium charges (electrons, ions) during the alternate half cycles of the A.C. operating potentials, such charges collecting first on one elemental or discrete dielectric surface area and then on an opposing elemental or discrete dielectric surface area on alternate half cycles to constitute an electrical memory.
  • a continuous volume of ionizable gas is confined between a pair of dielectric surfaces backed by conductor arrays forming matrix elements.
  • the cross conductor arrays may be orthogonally related (but any other configuration of conductor arrays may be used) to define a plurality of opposed pairs of charge storage areas on the surfaces of the dielectric bounding or confining the gas.
  • the number of elemental discharge volumes will be the product H X C and the number of elemental or discrete areas will be twice the number of elemental discharge volumes.
  • the panel may comprise a so-called monolithic structure in which the conductor arrays are created on a single substrate and wherein two or more arrays are separated from each other and from the gaseous medium by at least one insulating member.
  • the gas discharge takes place not between two opposing members, but between two contiguous or adjacent members on the same substrate.
  • the conductor arrays may be shaped otherwise. Accordingly, while the preferred conductor arrangement is of the crossed grid type as shown herein, it is likewise apparent that where a maximal variety of two dimensional display patterns is not necessary, as where specific standardized visual shapes (e.g., numerals, letters, words, etc.) are to be formed and image resolution is not critical, the conductors may be shaped accordingly.
  • the gas is one which produces visible light or invisible radiation which stimulates a phosphor (if visual display is an objective) and a copious supply of charges (ions and electrons) during discharge.
  • a phosphor if visual display is an objective
  • ions and electrons ions and electrons
  • the space bea tween the dielectric surfaces occupied by the gas is such as to permit photons generated on discharge in a selected discrete or elemental volume of gas to pass freely through the gas space and strike surface areas of dielectric remote from the selected discrete volumes, such remote, photon struck dielectric surface areas thereby emitting electrons so as to condition other and more remote elemental volumes for discharges at a uniform applied potential.
  • the allowable distance or spacing between the dielectric surfaces depends, inter alia, on the frequency of the alternating current supply, the distance typically being greater for lower frequencies.
  • V is the half amplitude of the smallest sustaining voltage signal which results in a discharge every half cycle, but at which the cell is not bi-stable and V is the half amplitude of the minimum applied voltage sufficient to sustain discharges once initiated.
  • basic electrical phenomenon utilized in this invention is the generation of charges (ions and electrons) alternately storable at pairs of opposed or facing discrete points or areas on a pair of dielectric surfaces backed by conductors connected to a source of operating potential.
  • Such stored charges result in an electrical field opposing the field produced by the applied potential that created them and hence operate to terminate ionization in the elemental gas volume between opposed or facing discrete points or areas of dielectric surface.
  • sustain a discharge means producing a sequence of momentary discharges, one discharge for each half cycle of applied alternating sustaining voltage, once the elemental gas volume has been fired, to maintain alternate storing of charges at pairs of opposed discrete areas on the dielectric surfaces.
  • FIGS. 2 5 and the description of these figures are from the above mentioned Baker et al, US. Pat. No. 3,499,167.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph in which pressure of a neon/argon gas mixture is plotted against the concentration of argon in the mixture showing the conditions for optimum memory margin of a gas discharge memory device
  • FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway plan view of a gaseous display/memory panel as connected to a diagrammatically illustrated source of operating potentials
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view (enlarged, but not to proportional scale since the thickness of the gas volume, dielectric members and conductor arrays have been enlarged for purposes of illustration) taken on the lines 22 of FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory partial cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 (enlarged, but not to proportional scale), and
  • FIG. 5 is an isometric view of a larger gaseous discharge display/memory panel.
  • the invention utilizes a pair of dielectric films or coatings and 11 separated by a thin layer or volume of a gaseous discharge medium 12, said medium 12 producing a copious supply of charges (ions and electrons) which are alternately collectable on the surfaces of the dielectric members at opposed or facing elemental or discrete areas X and Y defined by the conductor matrix on nongas-contacting sides of the dielectric members, each dielectric member presenting large open surface areas and a plurality of pairs of elemental X and Y areas. While the electrically operative structural members such as the dielectric members 10 and 11 and conductor matrixes 13 and 14 are all relatively thin (being exaggerated in thickness in the drawings) they are formed on and supported by rigid nonconductive support members 16 and 17 respectively.
  • one of both of nonconductive support members 16 and 17 pass light produced by discharge in the elemental gas volumes.
  • they are transparent glass members and these members essentially define the overall thickness and strength of the panel.
  • the thickness of gas layer 12 as determined by spacer 15 is under 10 mils and preferably about 5 to 6 mils
  • dielectric layers 10 and 1 1 over the conductors at the elemental or discrete X and Y areas
  • conductors 13 and 14 about 8,000 angstroms thick (tin oxide).
  • support members 16 and 17 are much thicker (particularly larger panels) so as to provide as much ruggedness as may be desired to compensate for stresses in the panel.
  • Suppport members 16 and 17 also serve as heat sinks for heat generated by discharges and thus minimize the effect of temperature on operation of the device. If it is desired that only the memory function be utilized, then none of the members need be transparent to light although for purposes described later herein it is preferred that one of the support members and members formed thereon be transparent to or pass ultraviolet radiation.
  • support members 16 and 17 are not critical.
  • the main function of support members 16 and 17 is to provide mechanical support and strength for the entire panel, particularly with respect to pressure difierential acting on the panel and thermal shock. As noted earlier, they should have thermal expansion characteristics substantially matching the thermal expansion characteristics of dielectric layers 10 and 11.
  • Ordinary V4 inch commercial grade soda lime plate glasses have been used for this purpose.
  • Other glasses such as low expansion glasses or transparent devitrified glasses can be used provided they can withstand processing and have expansion characteristics substantially matching expansion characteristics of the dielectric coatings 10 and 11.
  • the stress and deflection of plates may be determined by following standard stress and strain formulas (see R. J. Roark, Formulas for Stress and Strain, McGraw-Hill, 1954).
  • Spacer 15 may be made of the same glass material as dielectric films 10 and 11 and may be an integral rib formed on one of the dielectric members and fused to the other members to form a bakeable hermetic seal enclosing and confining the ionizable gas volume 12. However, a separate final hermetic seal may be effected by a high strength devitrified glass sealant 15S.
  • Tubulation 18 is provided for exhausting the space between dielectric members 10 and 11 and filling that space with the volume of ionizable gas. For large panels small bead like solder glass spacers such as shown at 15B may be located between conductors intersections and fused to dielectric members 10 and 11 to aid in withstanding stress on the panel and maintain uniformity of thickness of gas volume 12.
  • Conductors arrays 13 and 14 may be formed on support members 16 and 17 by a number of well known processes, such as photoetching, vacuum deposition, stencil screening, etc. In the panel shown in FIG. 5 the center to center spacing of conductors in the respective arrays is about 30 mils.
  • Transparent or semitransparent conductive material such as tin oxide, gold or aluminum can be used to form the conductor arrays and should have a resistance less than 3,000 ohms per line. It is important to select a conductor material that is not attacked during processing by the dielectric material.
  • conductor arrays 13 and 14 may be wires or filaments of copper, gold, silver or aluminum or any other conductive metal or material.
  • 1 mil wire filaments are commercially available and may be used in the invention.
  • formed in situ conductor arrays are preferred since they may be more easily and uniformly placed on and adhered to the support plates 16 and 17.
  • Dielectric layer members and 11 are formed of an inorganic material and are preferably formed in situ as an adherent film or coating which is not chemically or physically effected during bake-out of the panel.
  • One such material is a solder glass such-as Kimble SG-68 manufactured by and commercially available from the assignee of the present invention.
  • This glass has thermal expansion characteristics substantially matching the thermal expansion characteristics of certain soda-lime glasses, and can be used as the dielectric layer when the support members 16 and 17 are soda-lime glass plates.
  • Dielectric layers 10 and 11 must be smooth and have a dielectric strength of about 1000 v. and be electricallyhomogeneous on a microscopic scale (e.g., no cracks, bubbles, crystals, dirt, surface films, etc.).
  • the surfaces of dielectric layers 10 and l I should be good photoemitters of electrons in a baked out condition.
  • a supply of free electrons for conditioning gas 12 for the ionization process may be provided by inclusion of a radioactive material within the glass or gas space.
  • a preferred range of thickness of dielectric layers 10 and 11 overlying the conductor arrays 13 and 14 is between 1 and 2 mils.
  • at least one of dielectric layers 10 and 11 should pass light generated on discharge and be transparent or translucent and, preferably, both layers are optically transparent.
  • the preferred spacing between surfaces of the dielectric films is about 5 to 6 mils with conductor arrays 13 and 14 having center to center spacing of about 30 mils.
  • conductors 14-1 14-4 and support member 17 extend beyond the enclosed gas volume 12 and are exposed for the purpose of making electrical connection to interface and addressing circuitry 19.
  • the ends of conductors 13-1 13-4 on support member 16 extend beyond the enclosed gas volume 12 and are exposed for the purpose of making electrical connection to interface and addressing circuitry 19.
  • the interface and addressing circuitry or system 19 may be relatively inexpensive line scan systems or the somewhat more expensive high speed random access systems.
  • a lower amplitude of operating potentials helps to reduce problems associated with the interface circuitry between the addressing system and the display/memory panel, per se.
  • tolerances and operating characteristics of the panel with which the interfacing circuitry cooperate are made less rigid.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the condition of one elemental gas volume 30 having an elemental cross-sectional area and volume which is quite small relative to the entire volume and cross-sectional area of gas 12.
  • the cross-sectional area of volume 30 is defined by the overlapping common elemental areas of the conductor arrays and the volume is equal to the product of the distance between the dielectric surfaces and the elemental area. It is apparent that if the conductor arrays are uniform and linear and are orthogonally (at right angles to each other) related each of elemental areas X and Y will be squares and if conductors of one conductor array are wider than conductors of the other conductor array, said areas will be rectangles.
  • the conductor arrays are at transverse angles relative to each other, other than the areas will be diamond shaped so that the cross-sectional shape of each volume is determined solely in the first instance by the shape of the common area of overlap between conductors in the conductor arrays 13 and 14.
  • the dotted lines 30' are imaginary lines to show a boundary of one elemental volume about the center of which each elemental discharge takes place.
  • the cross-sectional area of the discharge in a gas is affected by, inter alia, the pressure of the gas, such that, if desired, the discharge may even by constricted to within an area smaller than the area of conductor overlap.
  • the light production may be confined or resolved substantially to the area of the elemental cross-sectional area defined by conductor overlap. Moreover, by operating at such pressure charges (ions and electrons) produced on discharge are laterally confined so as to not materially affect operation of adjacent elemental discharge volumes.
  • a conditioning discharge about the center of elemental volume 30 has been initiated by application to conductor 13-1 and conductor 14-1 firing potential V,, as derived from a source 35 of variable phase, for example, and source 36 of sustaining potential V,,,(which may be a sine wave, for example).
  • the potential V is added to the sustaining potential V as sustaining potential V, increases in magnitude to initiate the conditioning discharge about the center of elemental volume 30 shown in FIG. 4.
  • the phase of the source 35 of potential V has been adjusted into adding relation to the alternating voltage from the source 36 of sustaining voltage V, to provide a voltage V,', when switch 33 has been closed, to conductors 13-1 and 14-1 defining elementary gas volume 30 sufficient (in time and/or magnitude) to produce a light generating discharge centered about discrete elemental gas volume 30.
  • conductor 13-1 is positive, electrons 32 have collected on and are moving to an elemental area of dielectric members 10 substantially corresponding to the area of elemental gas volume 30 and the less mobile positive ions 31 are beginning to collect on the opposed elemental area of dielectric member 1 1 since it is negative.
  • these charges build up they constitute a back voltage opposed to the voltage applied to conductors 13-1 and 14-1 and serve to terminate the discharge in elemental gas volume 30 for the remainder of a half cycle.
  • Electrons 38 are, in effect, free electrons in gas medium 12 and condition each other discrete elemental gas volume for operation of a lower firing potential V, which is lower in magnitude than the firing potential V, for the initial discharge about the center of elemental volume 30 and this voltage is substantially uniform for each other elemental gas volume.
  • the entire gas volume can be conditioned for operation at uniform firing potentials by use of external or internal radiation so that there will be no need for a separate source of higher potential for initiating an initial discharge.
  • all discharge volumes can be operated at uniform potentials from addressing and interface circuit 19.
  • switch 33 may be opened so that only the sustaining voltage V, from source 36 is applied to conductors 13-1 and 14-1. Due to the storage of charges (e.g., the memory) at the opposed elemental areas X and Y, the elemental gas volume 30 will discharge again at or near the peak of negative half cycles of sustaining voltage V, to again produce a momentary pulse of light. At this time, due to reversal of field direction, electrons 32 will collect on and be stored on elemental surface area Y of dielectric member 11 and positive ions 31 will collect and be stored on elemental surface area X of dielectric member 10.
  • charges e.g., the memory
  • the sustaining voltage may be removed.
  • the volumes be selectively turned off by application to selected onelemental volumes a voltage which can neutralize the charges stored at the pairs of opposed elemental areas.
  • the plates 16-17 need not be fiat but may be curved, curvature of facing surfaces of each plate being complementary to each other. While the preferred conductor arrangement is of the crossed grid type as shown herein, it is likewise apparent that where an inifinite variety of two dimensional display patterns are not necessary, as where specific standardized visual shapes (e.g., numerals, letters, words, etc.) are to be 7 formed and image resolution is not critical, the conductors may be shaped accordingly.
  • the device shown in FIG. 5 is a panel having a large number of elemental volumes similar to elemental volume 30 (FIG. 4). In this case more room is provided to make electrical connection to the conductor arrays 13' and 14, respectively, by extending the surfaces of support members 16' and 17' beyond seal 15S, alternate conductors being extended on alternate sides. Conductor arrays 13 and 14as well as support members 16' and 17' are transparent. The dielectric coatings are not shown in FIG. 5 but are likewise transparent so that the panel may be viewed from either side.
  • a gas discharge panel is provided with a gaseous medium having a pressure of about 680 to about torr and consisting essentially of neon and about 0.02 to about 0.1 percent atoms of argon, the gaseous medium pressure and the argon concentration having a correlation in accordance with the shaded portion of the curve in FIG. 1 when square wave operating potentials are applied to the panel at a frequency of about I to about 200 KH,, preferably about 15 to 50 KI-I,.
  • gaseous medium may contain small varying amounts of other gaseous components, e.g. helium, provided such components are relatively neutral and do not substantially alter (such as shift) the curve of FIG. 1.
  • other gaseous components e.g. helium
  • FIG. 1 there is plotted total gaseous medium (neon plus argon) pressure versus argon concentration.
  • This curve was prepared by operating a gas discharge memory panel with square wave potentials at a frequency of about 1 to about 200 101,, preferably about 15 to about 50 KB,
  • the memory margin of a gas discharge memory device can be optimized by operating the device with square wave potentials at a frequency of about I to 200 KB, and with a neon-argon gaseous medium at pressure and argon concentration conditions within the approximate shaded portion of FIG. 1.
  • this invention can provide additional advantages including improved dynamic addressability of the gas discharge panel and improved panel life in terms of initial burn in.
  • a gas discharge panel is operated with square wave voltages at a frequency of about 1 to 200 KHz and a gaseous medium consisting essentially of neon and about 0.02 percent atoms of argon, the gas mixture having a pressure within the panel of about 600 torr.
  • a gaseous medium consisting essentially of neon and about 0.05 percent atoms of argon, the gas mixture having a panel pressure of about 350 torr.
  • the gaseous medium consists essentially of neon and about 0.07 percent atoms of argon, the gas mixture having a panel pressure of about 300 torr.
  • the gaseous medium consists essentially of neon and about 0.1 percent atoms of argon, the gas mixture having a panel pressure of about 200 torr.
  • the absolute memory margin within the shaded portion of FIG. 1 changes with varying argon concentration.
  • the memory margin is substantially optimized at a given locus within the area relative to a given outside locus above or below the inside area.
  • FIG. 1 has great utility not only in establishing an optimum memory margin, but can also be used as a decision model to trade-off memory margin for other desired panel characteristics, such as lower voltage, increased brightness, etc.
  • Memory margins are maximized and sustaining potentials are minimized for neon-argon mixtures approaching 0.l percent Ar at low total pressures (e.g. 300 torr); sustaining potential related brightness is maximized for low argon partial pressures at relatively high total pressures (e.g. 0.02 percent Ar at 600 torr total).
  • operating voltage is defined as any potential applied to the panel, including both sustaining and firing voltages.
  • the use of square wave operating potentials for driving a gas discharge display/memory is well known in the prior art. For instance, reference is made to U.S. letters Pat. No. 3,588,597 issued'to Ellsworth M. Murley, Jr.
  • a gaseous discharge panel containing at least two electrodes, at least one of the electrodes being insulated from a gaseous medium by a dielectric member, the improvement wherein the gaseous medium is at a pressure of about 680 torr to about 160 torr and consists essentially of neon and about 0.02 to about 0.1 percent atoms of argon, the gaseous medium pressure and the argon concentration being correlated in accordance with the shaded portion of the curve in FIG. 1 when square wave operating voltages are applied to the panel at a frequency of about 1 to about 200 KH,.
  • a gaseous discharge display/memory panel characterized by an ionizable gaseous medium in a gas chamber formed by a pair of opposed dielectric material charge storage members, each of which is respectively backed by an array of electrodes, the electrodes behind each dielectric material member being oriented with respect to the electrodes behind the opposing dielectric material so as to define a plurality of discrete discharge volume, each of which constitutes a discharge unit, and wherein square wave operating A.C.
  • the gaseous medium is at a pressure of about 680 torr to about torr and consists essentially of neon and about 0.02 to about 0.1 percent atoms of argon, the gaseous medium pressure and the argon concentration being correlated in accordance with the shaded portion of the curve in FIG. 1.
  • gaseous medium contains small varying amounts of at least one other gaseous component which is relatively neutral and which does not substantially change the curve of FIG. 1.
  • a gaseous discharge panel having an electrical memory and characterized by an ionizable gaseous medium in a gas chamber formed by a pair of opposed dielectric material charge storage members
  • the improvement which comprises optimizing the memory margin of the panel by filling the panel with a gaseous medium having a pressure of about 680 torr to about 160 torr and consisting essentially of neon and about 0.02 to about 0.1 percent atoms of argon, said pressure and said argon concentration being correlated in accordance with the shaded portion of the curve in FIG. 1, and then operating the panel with square wave A.C. voltages at a frequency of about I to about 200 KI-I 6.
  • the gaseous medium contains helium in a small quantity insufficient to substantially change the curve of FIG. 1.
  • an ionizable gaseous medium for a gaseous discharge display/memory panel consisting essentially of neon and about 0.02 to about 0.1 percent atoms of argon and having a pressure of about 680 torr to about 160 torr, the pressure and argon concentration being correlated in accordance with the shaded portion of the curve in FIG. 1 when square wave operating A.C. voltages are applied to the panel at a frequency of about 1 to about 200 KH 8.
  • the gaseous medium has a pressure of about 600 torr and contains about 0.02 percent atoms of argon.
  • gaseous medium has a pressure of about 350 torr and contains about 0.05 percent atoms of argon.
  • gaseous medium has a pressure of about 300 torr and contains about 0.07 percent atoms of argon.
  • gaseous medium has a pressure of about 200 torr and contains about 0.1 percent atoms of argon.
  • V 14 The invention of claim 1, wherein the gaseous medium has a pressure of about 350 torr and contains about 0.05 percent atoms of argon.
  • gaseous medium has a pressure of about 300 torr and contains about 0.07 percent atoms of argon.
  • gaseous medium has a pressure of about 200 torr and contains about 0.1 percent atoms of argon.
  • the invention of claim 1 wherein the frequency ranges from about 15 to about 50 KH 18.
  • gaseous medium has a pressure of about 350 torr and contains about 0.05 percent atoms of argon.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
US00174046A 1971-08-23 1971-08-23 Gas discharge device with improved memory margin Expired - Lifetime US3806761A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00174046A US3806761A (en) 1971-08-23 1971-08-23 Gas discharge device with improved memory margin
CA149,635A CA961087A (en) 1971-08-23 1972-08-17 Gas discharge device with improved memory margin
FR7229839A FR2150414B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-23 1972-08-21
DE2241181A DE2241181C3 (de) 1971-08-23 1972-08-22 Gasentladungsanzeigetafel
IT52305/72A IT962188B (it) 1971-08-23 1972-08-22 Pannello di presentazione memorizzazione a scarica elettrica in gas con perfezionato margine di memoria
JP8442272A JPS538190B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-23 1972-08-23
GB3927072A GB1408593A (en) 1971-08-23 1972-08-23 Gas discharge panel

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US00174046A US3806761A (en) 1971-08-23 1971-08-23 Gas discharge device with improved memory margin

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US3806761A true US3806761A (en) 1974-04-23

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US (1) US3806761A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS538190B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA961087A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2241181C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2150414B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1408593A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT962188B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4048533A (en) * 1971-10-12 1977-09-13 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Phosphor overcoat
US4081712A (en) * 1974-04-08 1978-03-28 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Addition of helium to gaseous medium of gas discharge device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61167958U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1985-04-08 1986-10-18

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1965582A (en) * 1929-07-27 1934-07-10 Gen Electric Vapor Lamp Co Electric discharge device
US1965585A (en) * 1929-10-07 1934-07-10 Gen Electric Vapor Lamp Co Electric gaseous discharge device
US2098519A (en) * 1930-08-23 1937-11-09 Sirian Lamp Co Display device
US3252028A (en) * 1961-06-23 1966-05-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp High-output fluorescent lamp having means for maintaining a predetermined mercury vapor pressure during operation

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1965582A (en) * 1929-07-27 1934-07-10 Gen Electric Vapor Lamp Co Electric discharge device
US1965585A (en) * 1929-10-07 1934-07-10 Gen Electric Vapor Lamp Co Electric gaseous discharge device
US2098519A (en) * 1930-08-23 1937-11-09 Sirian Lamp Co Display device
US3252028A (en) * 1961-06-23 1966-05-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp High-output fluorescent lamp having means for maintaining a predetermined mercury vapor pressure during operation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4048533A (en) * 1971-10-12 1977-09-13 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Phosphor overcoat
US4081712A (en) * 1974-04-08 1978-03-28 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Addition of helium to gaseous medium of gas discharge device

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CA961087A (en) 1975-01-14
JPS538190B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-03-25
DE2241181C3 (de) 1980-05-14
GB1408593A (en) 1975-10-01
JPS4830866A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-04-23
FR2150414A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-04-06
FR2150414B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-08-26
DE2241181A1 (de) 1973-03-01
IT962188B (it) 1973-12-20
DE2241181B2 (de) 1979-08-23

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