US3804077A - Hot or cold pack - Google Patents

Hot or cold pack Download PDF

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Publication number
US3804077A
US3804077A US16932871A US3804077A US 3804077 A US3804077 A US 3804077A US 16932871 A US16932871 A US 16932871A US 3804077 A US3804077 A US 3804077A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pack
chemicals
chemical
cold
reaction
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Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
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V Williams
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Baxter International Inc
Kay Laboratories Inc
Original Assignee
Kay Laboratories Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kay Laboratories Inc filed Critical Kay Laboratories Inc
Priority to US16932871 priority Critical patent/US3804077A/en
Priority to JP5083272A priority patent/JPS5719971B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3804077A publication Critical patent/US3804077A/en
Assigned to AMERICAN HOSPITAL SUPPLY CORPORATION reassignment AMERICAN HOSPITAL SUPPLY CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: AMERICAN KAY, INC.
Assigned to BAXTER TRAVENOL LABORATORIES, INC. A CORP. OF DE reassignment BAXTER TRAVENOL LABORATORIES, INC. A CORP. OF DE MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE ON 11/25/1985 ILLINOIS Assignors: AMERICAN HOSPITAL SUPPLY CORPORATION INTO
Assigned to BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC. reassignment BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE ON 10/17/1988 Assignors: BAXTER TRAVENOL LABORATORIES, INC., A CORP. OF DE
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F7/02—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling
    • A61F7/03—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling thermophore, i.e. self-heating, e.g. using a chemical reaction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/32—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging two or more different materials which must be maintained separate prior to use in admixture
    • B65D81/3261—Flexible containers having several compartments
    • B65D81/3266—Flexible containers having several compartments separated by a common rupturable seal, a clip or other removable fastening device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/32—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging two or more different materials which must be maintained separate prior to use in admixture
    • B65D81/3261—Flexible containers having several compartments
    • B65D81/3272—Flexible containers having several compartments formed by arranging one flexible container within another
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F24V30/00—Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F7/02—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling
    • A61F2007/0203—Cataplasms, poultices or compresses, characterised by their contents; Bags therefor
    • A61F2007/0215—Cataplasms, poultices or compresses, characterised by their contents; Bags therefor containing liquids other than water
    • A61F2007/0219—Gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F7/02—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling
    • A61F2007/0268—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling having a plurality of compartments being filled with a heat carrier
    • A61F2007/0276—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling having a plurality of compartments being filled with a heat carrier with separate compartments connectable by rupturing a wall or membrane
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F7/10—Cooling bags, e.g. ice-bags
    • A61F7/106—Cooling bags, e.g. ice-bags self-cooling, e.g. using a chemical reaction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package
    • B65D81/3484—Packages having self-contained heating means, e.g. heating generated by the reaction of two chemicals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02W90/10—Bio-packaging, e.g. packing containers made from renewable resources or bio-plastics

Definitions

  • a hot or cold pack is provided in which two'materials are normally separated'from each other in separate compartments and in which the materials are mixed to produce a chemical reaction'between the materials when one of the compartments is ruptured.
  • the pack includes a third material such as a form of starch which is stored in one of the compartments and which responds to the mixture of the two materials to produce a gel.
  • the production of the gel has certain advantages.
  • Another advantage is that the. gel prolongs the time during which the heat or c'old'can be applied to the desired position.
  • This invention relates generally to hot and cold packs for generating heat or cold through the reaction of chemicals and more specifically to the addition of a material which forms a gel with the other materials in such packs.
  • the formation of a gel in such-packs prolongs the period during which heat is transferred to or from the apparatus.
  • the formation of a gel also prevents the heat-producing material in the packs from being displaced to insure that the heat or cold is applied continuously and efficiently to a desired object.
  • Hot and cold packs are now in use for applying heat or cold to desired objects such as localized positions on a persons body.
  • the hot or cold packs generally employ a first material in a first compartment and a material such as water in a second compartment which is sealed within the first compartment.
  • the first and second materials have properties of reacting chemically with each other when the second compartment is ruptured as by a sharp blow to the pack.
  • the first and second materials react chemically in an exothermic reaction.
  • the first and second materials react chemically in an endothermic reaction.
  • the invention includes a first sealed compartment containing particles of a first material such as calcium chloride or ammonium nitrate. Particles of a suitable material such as a starch are mixed with the particles of the first material in the first compartment.
  • the first compartment is preferably disposed within ,a sealed second compartment containing a second material such as water and having rupturable properties.
  • the materials in the two compartments become mixed.
  • the first material in the first compartment reacts chemically with the water in the second compartment to generate heat if the reaction is exothermic and to. generate cold if the reaction is endothermic.
  • the starch in the first compartment forms a paste when the temperature of the pack reaches a particular temperature such as approximately F.
  • the pa'ste serves as a gel to partially solidify the pack.
  • the gel allows the pack to. be bent to any desired shape such that it can be applied to objects of particular shape such as a persons knee.
  • the gel prevents the material in the pack from moving downwardly to the bottom of the pack. This is important in insuring that the heat will be generated continuously at the position where it is desired to apply the heat such as a patients knee.
  • the starch forms a gel and impedes the movements of the materials in'the pack, it does not prevent the chernicalreaction between the materials in the pack.
  • the inclusion of the starch in the pack isadvantageous to the chemical reaction between the materialsin the pack since it slows the rate at which the chemical reaction occurs and thus prolongs the life of the pack.
  • the starch is further advantageous since it is compatible with the other materials in the pack and does not react chemically-with any of these other materials in the pack to prevent thesematerials from reacting chemically with each other to produce heat or cold.
  • a modified form of starch such as tapioca is included in the first compartment.
  • the tapioca is precooked so that it will form a paste immediately when the materials in the two compartments react chemically. Because of this, the starch in the cold pack forms a paste immediately and without any requirement that the cold pack reach a specified temperature.
  • the pack is capable of being applied to humans, animals, birds, reptiles, and inanimate objects.
  • the pack 11 is composed of a container or bag 13 having walls 15.
  • the container 13 will typically be formed from a flexible plastic such as polyethylene so that the container 13 canbe sealed by heat treating the walls 15.
  • a rupturable bag 21 is preferably disposed within the container 13.
  • a first chemical 19 is disposed within the container 13 and at least one second chemical 17 such as water is disposed in the rupturable bag 21.
  • the first and second chemicals 17 and 19 react with each other upon contact to either give off or absorb heat in a temperature-altering reaction. At least one of the chemicals icals 17 and 19 be easily mixed so that the timing of the temperature-altering reaction can be predetermined and controlled.
  • the chemicals 17 and 19 must also be compatible with the material used for the walls of container 13.
  • the walls 15 must be capable of containing not only'the chemicals 17 and 19 but also any chemicals or compounds which are produced as a result of the temperature altering reaction.
  • ammonium nitrate and water are particularly adapted for use in the rupturable bag 21 as the chemical 17 and the ammonium nitrate is disposed within the container 13.
  • the pack 11 with the features described above may be constructed in a manner similar to that described and claimed in application Ser. No. 809,870 filedon Mar. 24, I969, by Thomas E. Cornwall and Maurice A. Lynch, Jr., now abandoned, and assigned of record to the assignee of this application.
  • the bag 13 canbe struck, thereby rupturing the rupturable container 21 and releasing the water in one container to be mixed with the first chemical 19 in the container 13.
  • the chemical reaction is facilitated by shaking the container 13 back and forth to expedite the mixture of the chemicals 17 and 19.-
  • the first chemical l9 constitutes calcium chloride
  • the reaction is exothermic so that heat is released.
  • the first chemical l9 constitutes ammonium nitrate
  • the reaction is endothermic so that heat is absorbed from the surrounding area and cold is generated in this area.
  • Materials such as calcium chloride and ammonium nitrate are desirable as the first chemical 19 since they are inexpensive and since they release or absorb considerable heat per unit of volume.
  • the use of water as the chemical 17 is desirable since it is plentiful and inexpensive and reacts fully and efficiently with the chemical'l9.
  • The'chemicals l7 and 19 are further advantageous in that they are chemically neutral relative to their respective bags 13 and 21 before and after their chemical reaction with each other.
  • a suitable material such as a starch 23 is mixed with the. chemical 19 in the container 13.
  • the starch 23 inhibits the temperature-altering reaction by placing at least a portion of the chemicals 17 and 19 in suspension so that they are temporarily isolated from the temperature-altering reaction. As the isolated chemicals become available to the reaction, more heat or cold is developed. In this manner, the starch 23 is also a prolongingmeans which extends the period during which the temp'eraturealtering reaction effectively generates heat or cold.
  • the starch 23 offers certain additional advantages.
  • the starch 23 provides for an efficient transfer of heat between the pack and a contiguous object, particularly when the object has an individual shape. For example, when the object constitutes a persons knee or leg 25 such as shown in FIG. 5, the pack l1 may be wrapped over the leg 25.
  • the starch 23 retains the material in the pack along the full length of the pack so that the leg 25 receivesheat from the chemical reaction of such materials along the full length of the pack. This is in contrast to the prior art where the material in the pack has tended to flow to the opposite ends of the pack because these opposite ends constitute the lowest positionsin the pack.
  • the inclusion ,of the starch 23 in the pack also offers other advantages.
  • the starch forms a gel with the other materials in the pack, it inhibits the opportunity of the water to reach the first chemical 19 immediately.
  • the gel has characteristics which allow the first and second chemicals to reach each other to provide for a continued chemical reaction since the gel is physically consistent and does not coagulate. This tendsto prolong the time during which the chemical reaction between the firstchemical 19 and the chemical 17 such'as water occurs so that the operative life of the pack is accordingly enhanced.
  • the operative life of the pack' has been increased by as much as 20 percent by including the starch 23.
  • the starch 23 also serves the function of resisting the convection of heat from the interior regions 27 of the container 13 to the walls 15. This results from the fact that the gel formed in the pace prevents the material in the pack from sloshing around to present different material tothe surface of the pack. With the convection of heat thus inhibited, heat transfer from the interior regions 27 to the walls 15 is substantially accomplished by conduction. For example, heat which exists in amolecule at the interior regions27 of container 13 cannot be carried by that molecule to the walls 15. That heat must be passed between adjacent molecules until it reaches the walls 15.
  • the starch'23 thereby prolongs the period of time in which the pack is able to transfer heat between the pack and a contiguous object to which the pack is applied.
  • the transfer of heat is also prolonged because the starch provided the pack with an increased mass for the same volume withinthe pack 11 and for the same surface area of the pack so that the heat is retained within the pack for an increased period of time.
  • the starch 23 When used in a hot pack, the starch 23 may be any suitable type of corn starch and may be included .in the pack in an amount of approximately l2 to 16 grams when approximately 66 grams of calcium chloride are used and approximately 100 grams of water are used.
  • the starch 2'3 is preferably not precooked. Because of this, the calcium chloride and the water react chemicallyto produce a temperature of approximately 160F to cook the starch.
  • the starchbecomes cooked it is able to form a paste with the water in a manner similar to that described above.'Be delaying the formation of the paste, the reaction between the calcium chloride and the water is facilitated for a limited period of time.
  • tion constitutes a pregelatinized (precooked) tapioca starch which provides high water-binding properties and relatively high viscosity.
  • a suitable amount of starch such as approximately 1 l to grams of tapioca may be used with approximately 127 grams of ammonium nitrate and lOO grams of water. Since the starch is precooked, it operates immediately to form a paste with the water. This in turn produces a gel wtih the other materials in the pack. This is desirable because ammonium'chloride reacts with water at a different rate in the cold pack than the rate atwhich calcium chloride reacts with water in the hot pack.
  • the starch used in the cold pack is also precooked in the cold pack since the pack is not able to generate any heat to cook the starch.
  • the starch in the hot and cold packs is in the form of particles rather than granules. This is desirable since granules would tend to accumulate at the position of sealing the container 13 and would tend to prevent the container from being effectively sealed.
  • FIG. 2 A second embodiment of the pack 11 is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the container or bag 13 is shown with a marginal region 29 around the periphery of the container 13 and a seam 31 connecting the marginal region 29 with'the 'bag 21.
  • the container or bag 13 is typically cOnstructed of a flexible plastic such as polyethylene and the marginal region 29 and the seam 31 is typically formed by heat sealing.
  • the seam 31 is weaker than the seals around the remaining portions of the container 13 and the bag 21.
  • the first chemical 19 and the starch 23 are disposed in the container 13.
  • the second 6 chemical 17 such as water is disposed in the bag 21.
  • the bag 21 is typically struck, thereby opening seam 31 so that the first and second chemicals l9 and 17 can be mixed.
  • the .opening in the seam 31 occurs so that the container 13' and the bag 21 form a single sealed compartment.
  • the chemicals 19 and 17 react chemically when mixedand the starch 23 forms a gel with these chemicals in a manner similar to that described above.
  • the material such as calcium chloride and ammonium nitrate may be mixed in a bag with the material such as starch I which is to form a paste when the pack is used.
  • the material such as starch I which is to form a paste when the pack is used.
  • water is poured through an opening in the container holding the chemicals.
  • a clip may be provided in the bag 21 and may be removed to provide a mixing of the chemicals when the pack is to be used.
  • said gel-producing means comprises particles of a material having properties of holdingat least one of said chemicals in suspension whereby said chemical is temporarily isolated at least-in part from said temperature-altering reaction and the time during which said chemical enters said reaction is prolonged.
  • one of the chemicals is water and the gel-producing means has the property of absorbing water and.
  • means are provided for separating the water from the other chemical and the gelproducing means and for providing for a mixing of the water with the other chemical and the gelproducing means when the pack is to be used to generate heat or cold.
  • a pack for transferring heat or cold to an object comprising:
  • a sealed container retaining said chemicals and having walls through which heat or cold is readily transferred;
  • firstmeans disposed within the sealed container releasably isolating a particular one of said chemicals from the other of said chemicals so that their reaction can be prevented prior to a pre-determined time;
  • second means disposed within said container in mixed relationship with the other chemical and having properties of forming a gel-like, viscous fluid with at least one of the pair of chemicals, upon the release of the particular one of the chemicals by the first means, to provide for a shaping of the pack to any desired configuration during the temperature-altering reaction while inhibiting the movement of the chemicals within the pack.
  • said second means comprises a precooked starch and said other chemical reacts chemically with the water to produce an endothermic reaction and wherein the starch produces a paste with the water and wherein the paste forms a gel with the chemicals in the pack to inhibit the movement of the chemicals within the pack and to prolong the time during which cold is transferred from the pack.
  • a-sealed container enclosing said first chemical and including walls which readily transfer heat or cold to said object;
  • a rupturable bag disposed within said sealed container and holding said other chemical for mixing with the first chemical within said sealed containerupon rupture of said bag; I means initially froming a mixture with the first chemical and providing during the temperature-altering reaction characteristics for temporarily isolating portions of the first chemical, without preventing 8- the reaction of said chemicals to prolong the temperature-altering reaction.
  • a pack as defined in claim 8 wherein said isolating means comprises a starch.
  • a pack for transferring heat or cold to an object comprising: i
  • a container having walls for transferring heat or cold to the object
  • said gel-producing means comprises particles of a material having properties of holding at least one of said chemicals in suspension whereby said chemical is temporarily isolated at least in .part from said temperature-altering reaction and the time during which said chemical enters said reaction is progenerate heat or cold.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
US16932871 1971-08-05 1971-08-05 Hot or cold pack Expired - Lifetime US3804077A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16932871 US3804077A (en) 1971-08-05 1971-08-05 Hot or cold pack
JP5083272A JPS5719971B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-05 1972-05-24

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US16932871 US3804077A (en) 1971-08-05 1971-08-05 Hot or cold pack

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US3804077A true US3804077A (en) 1974-04-16

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US (1) US3804077A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5719971B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (138)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3893834A (en) * 1974-03-04 1975-07-08 Arthur E Armstrong Insulated cold pack
US4000996A (en) * 1975-11-07 1977-01-04 Hospital Marketing Services Co., Inc. Refrigerating package
WO1979000483A1 (en) * 1978-01-06 1979-07-26 D Miller Method of and means for producing a body of a foamed solid
FR2478463A1 (fr) * 1980-03-21 1981-09-25 Kensen Co Ltd Dispositif de chauffage a reaction exothermique pour le corps humain
US4327046A (en) * 1979-12-07 1982-04-27 Southern Research Institute Method for producing a rigid, shaped mass support system
DE3102599A1 (de) * 1981-01-27 1982-08-12 Hans Dipl.-Ing. 5928 Laasphe Osterrath Selbstheizende oder -kuehlende dose
US4397315A (en) * 1981-09-16 1983-08-09 The Kendall Company Dressing with temperature pack
US4427010A (en) 1980-10-18 1984-01-24 Marx Guenter H Method and means for cooling injured parts or areas of a human or animal body
US4462224A (en) * 1983-07-11 1984-07-31 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Instant hot or cold, reusable cold pack
US4510919A (en) * 1982-11-05 1985-04-16 Simon Benmussa Self heating receptacle
US4619678A (en) * 1983-12-20 1986-10-28 Howard Rubin Apparatus and method for transporting and preserving perishable test samples
US4696302A (en) * 1985-08-09 1987-09-29 Clark Leigh B Proctologic device
US4745909A (en) * 1987-05-15 1988-05-24 Pelton Robert J Cold massage tool and method of use thereof
US4756311A (en) * 1985-05-15 1988-07-12 Jack Frost Laboratories, Inc. Microwavable thermal compress and method of use thereof
WO1988008110A1 (en) * 1987-04-14 1988-10-20 Lahey Thomas P Time release cooling system
US4967573A (en) * 1989-12-04 1990-11-06 Wilhelm Raymond P Thermal pack
US4996972A (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-03-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Hot air heat gun
US5035241A (en) * 1989-12-12 1991-07-30 Packaging Electronics & Devices Corp. Reusable and microwavable hot insulated compress and method of manufacture
US5050598A (en) * 1989-11-07 1991-09-24 Tucker Dalton R Body warming bladder
US5050596A (en) * 1989-12-12 1991-09-24 Packaging Electronics & Devices Corp. Reusable and microwavable hot or cold therapy mitt and method of manufacture
EP0533808A4 (en) * 1990-06-15 1993-04-07 Prism Technologies, Inc. Reusable warmers of the type employing a super-cooled solution and an activator
US5263991A (en) * 1992-10-21 1993-11-23 Biomet, Inc. Method for heating biocompatible implants in a thermal packaging line
US5269368A (en) * 1991-08-05 1993-12-14 Vacu Products B.V. Rechargeable temperature regulating device for controlling the temperature of a beverage or other object
US5456704A (en) * 1994-04-21 1995-10-10 Kilcullen; Robert J. Method of treatment with therapeutic moist heating pad
US5513629A (en) * 1995-01-20 1996-05-07 Dura Therm Inc. Microwavable heat releasing and absorbing composition and container
US5534020A (en) * 1994-01-24 1996-07-09 Cheney, Iii; Henry H. Instant reusable compress
US5539934A (en) * 1993-11-24 1996-07-30 Ponder; Christopher W. Protective helmet cooling apparatus
US5553741A (en) * 1993-08-06 1996-09-10 River Medical, Inc. Liquid delivery device
US5571261A (en) * 1993-08-06 1996-11-05 River Medical, Inc Liquid delivery device
US5588556A (en) * 1993-08-06 1996-12-31 River Medical, Inc. Method for generating gas to deliver liquid from a container
US5643336A (en) * 1995-01-09 1997-07-01 Lopez-Claros; Marcelo Enrique Heating and cooling pad
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