US3804019A - Shot shell and improved wadding therefor - Google Patents

Shot shell and improved wadding therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3804019A
US3804019A US00295053A US29505372A US3804019A US 3804019 A US3804019 A US 3804019A US 00295053 A US00295053 A US 00295053A US 29505372 A US29505372 A US 29505372A US 3804019 A US3804019 A US 3804019A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wadding
shot
shot shell
water
shell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00295053A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Hurley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hercules LLC
Original Assignee
Hercules LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hercules LLC filed Critical Hercules LLC
Priority to US00295053A priority Critical patent/US3804019A/en
Priority to CA168,925A priority patent/CA1000560A/en
Priority to JP48056395A priority patent/JPS4971799A/ja
Priority to IT29716/73A priority patent/IT1001575B/it
Priority to GB4613373A priority patent/GB1403148A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3804019A publication Critical patent/US3804019A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F42B7/08—Wads, i.e. projectile or shot carrying devices, therefor

Definitions

  • this invention relates to loaded shot shells containing a plastic wad member which, after the shot, is readily dissolved in water-, dew-, or rain-wet/environments including small streams, lakes, rivers and the like, and hence does not accumulate in the environment as a pollutant.
  • Shot shell wads are disposed in the shot casing between the propellant and the shot to seal the hot propellant gases from the shot particles after the firing, and hence serve as a piston to drive the shot through the gun barrel.
  • the wadding material has for many years been formed from cloth or paper, and more recently discs of fiber or felt, molded pliable plastic wads particularly those from polyethylene and polypropylene are now more generally used.
  • the pliable plastic materials form a much improved gas seal, and when molded in form of a cup the wad also acts as a sleeve to protect the shot during passage through the barrel and contribute significantly to improve ballistic performance and pattern efficiency.
  • plastic wad materials often accumulate in the firing area as pollutants in the environment and are particularly damaging to wildlife.
  • One instance of such undesirable pollution effect arises in trap and skeet shooting areas in which after firing, the wads generally travel to 40 feet from the muzzle of the gun and with continued heavy shooting they accumulate around the shooting station to present a serious litter problem.
  • these plastic wads are shot over water, ducks and geese endeavor to consume them but, in so doing, they are unable to swallow the plastic materials which then become lodged in the throat area to cause choking and ultimate death.
  • This invention is concerned with loaded shot shells in which the wadding is a pliable plastic affording the advantages of such materials heretofore without incurring the litter and pollution problems inherent in the use of those plastic materials in water environments.
  • a loaded shot shell including primer, propellant, wadding, and shot pellet components
  • the wadding is formed from a water-soluble plastic means which when discharged from a gun into a water containing environment dissolves in the water to eliminate its presence as an environmental pollutant.
  • hydroxypropyl cellulose known commercially as Klucel is now preferred.
  • the preferred hydroxypropyl cellulose can be prepared by mixing the cellulosic material, alkali, water and a water-miscible inert organic diluent, removing excess liquid from the resulting alkali cellulose, and then causing the alkali cellulose to react with propylene oxide.
  • the water soluble plastic product (Klucel) is soluble in cold water, insoluble in hot water, soluble in polar organic solvents and is thermoplastic; and it has an M.S. of from 2-l0, more often 3-5, by which term it is meant the average number of moles of reactant combined with the cellulose per anhydroglucose unit.
  • thermoplastic hydroxypropyl cellulose product (Klucel), and its manufacture, are further described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,278,521, which for that purpose is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Other suitable water soluble plastic wadding materials include polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl celluose.
  • the wadding is preferably formed by injection molding the water-soluble plastic material in shape and size to coaxially close the shell casing and produce a sufficiently close fit with the shell inner wall for the requisite seal to prevent escape of gas from the ignited propellant into the shot.
  • the wadding is loaded in the shell under compression sufficient for the required close fit but permitting the wad member to yield in response to axial force of the propellant gases for travel through the barrel in the requisite gas tight relationship therewith.
  • the diameter of the wad member to be loaded into the gun is substantially the same as the bore of the gun barrel.
  • the wadding members are generally formed by injection molding, they can be formed in accordance with any suitable procedure, such as by extrusion, vacuum forming, compression molding, and the like.
  • the shot shell wadding is cup-shaped, the open end facing, and encompassing the adjacent shot pellets in the shell.
  • An exemplary cup-shaped wadding material for a 12- gauge shot shell has an outside diameter in order of three-fourth inch, a height of about 1% inch, a wall thickness of about one thirty-second inch, a depth of about three-fourths and is slightly tapered outwardly toward the open end.
  • the wadding material can be of any suitable shape often as a solid, elongated cylinder, or a disc, pressed into position.
  • a lubricant ingredient can often be advantageously incorporated into the wadding member during its formation, for deposition on the gun barrel walls to provide a lubricated barrel surface for the firing, such is generally unnecessary inasmuch as sufficient of the plastic wadding material generally deposits on the gun barrel wall for that purpose.
  • Fiber reinforcing materials are advantageously utilized as components of the water soluble plastic formulation when the latter is to be molded to form the wadding material.
  • fibrous molding materials are short staple cotton, rayon, polyester, polypropylene and fiberglass in lengths in the order of from about one-sixteenth to one-fourth inch. These materials have an-insignificant effect on water solubility of the plastic wadding material unless they are hydrophilic, in which event they assist in break up of the wadding material in water.
  • the reinforcing fibers assist in maintaining dimensional stability of the wadding material after molding, by minimizing stresses imparted to the molded wadding.
  • an inert filler can be incorporated into the plastic wadding material for economic reasons without seriously impairing the antipollution function of the wadding material.
  • talc is advantageously utilized as an extender in molded Klucel waddings. When the Klucel wadding material dissolves in water, the residual talc particles, which are not harmful to wildlife, migrate into the ground. Cornstarch is exenplary of another such inert filler advantageously utilized in plastic wadding materials in practice of the invention.
  • Formulation B Parts by Weight Klucel (molecular weight 50.000.
  • Each molded wad was cup-shaped, and was loaded together with a primer. propellant. and shot pellets, as the wad component, in a l2gauge shell casing. Each loaded shell was fired from a IZ-gauge shot gun, and an excellent shot pattern was obtained in each instance.
  • the above wadding members after immersion in water, collapse and lose their physical form within one hour, and completely dissolve in the water within a period of from 2-4 hours, thereby being readily soluble in environmental water with which they come into contact to avoid accumulation in such environments as litter or as potential danger to wildlife, and particularly water fowl.
  • Example II In addition to the shot pattern and water solubility characteristics of Example I, the wad members exhibited improve physical integrity upon firing, as a function of the higher molecular weight of the Klucel.
  • Klucel powders from which the wadding elements of the invention can be formed preferably by injection molding:
  • a shot shell including propellant, primer, wadding, and shot pellet components, said wadding formed from a water soluble plastic wadding means which, when discharged from a gun into a water containing environment, dissolves in the water to eliminate its presence as an environmental pollutant.
  • a shot shell of claim 1 wherein said wadding is formed from a hydroxypropyl cellulose having an M.S. of from 2-lO.
  • a shot shell of claim 4, wherein said wadding is formed by molding said hydroxypropyl cellulose.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
US00295053A 1972-10-04 1972-10-04 Shot shell and improved wadding therefor Expired - Lifetime US3804019A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00295053A US3804019A (en) 1972-10-04 1972-10-04 Shot shell and improved wadding therefor
CA168,925A CA1000560A (en) 1972-10-04 1973-04-17 Shot shell and improved wadding therefor
JP48056395A JPS4971799A (cs) 1972-10-04 1973-05-22
IT29716/73A IT1001575B (it) 1972-10-04 1973-10-03 Cartuccia da caccia a pallini e borraggio perfezionato per la stessa
GB4613373A GB1403148A (en) 1972-10-04 1973-10-03 Shot shell and wadding therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00295053A US3804019A (en) 1972-10-04 1972-10-04 Shot shell and improved wadding therefor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3804019A true US3804019A (en) 1974-04-16

Family

ID=23136016

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00295053A Expired - Lifetime US3804019A (en) 1972-10-04 1972-10-04 Shot shell and improved wadding therefor

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3804019A (cs)
JP (1) JPS4971799A (cs)
CA (1) CA1000560A (cs)
GB (1) GB1403148A (cs)
IT (1) IT1001575B (cs)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978794A (en) * 1973-12-28 1976-09-07 Giulio Fiocchi, S.P.A. Base wad for shotshells
EP0301981A1 (fr) * 1987-07-27 1989-02-01 Marcel Piegay Bourre d'appoint pour cartouche de fusil de chasse ou autres armes à feu
FR2618890A1 (fr) * 1987-07-27 1989-02-03 Piegay Marcel Bourre d'appoint pour cartouche de fusil de chasse ou autres armes a feu
US4947754A (en) * 1987-12-10 1990-08-14 General Dynamics Corporation, Pomona Division System and method for penetrating orbiting targets
WO1991005982A1 (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-05-02 The Kent Cartridge Manufacturing Company Limited Improvements in shot gun cartridges
US20070181029A1 (en) * 2006-02-08 2007-08-09 Gunsandmore.Info Llc Method and apparatus for propelling a pellet or BB using a shock-sensitive explosive cap
US20080223245A1 (en) * 2005-01-13 2008-09-18 Henry Stevens Projecticle Cartridge, a Wad for a Projectile Cartridge and a Method of Making Thereof
US20100101444A1 (en) * 2008-10-27 2010-04-29 Schluckebier David K Wad with ignition chamber
US20100192794A1 (en) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-05 R.A. Brands, L.L.C. Shotshell wad with shot confinement feature
US8205537B1 (en) * 2008-08-11 2012-06-26 Raytheon Company Interceptor projectile with net and tether
US20120210904A1 (en) * 2008-08-11 2012-08-23 Merems Paul A Interceptor projectile and method of use
US8800449B2 (en) 2008-10-27 2014-08-12 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Wad with ignition chamber
US11181350B2 (en) * 2019-04-22 2021-11-23 Jason P. McDevitt Methods and devices for ammunition utilizing a particulate obturating medium

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2343939A (en) * 1998-11-23 2000-05-24 Gamebore Cartridge Company Lim Shotgun ammunition
RU2163340C2 (ru) * 1999-04-27 2001-02-20 Бийский технологический институт Алтайского государственного технического университета Уплотненный материал для изготовления пыжей и прокладок
GB2367606A (en) * 2000-10-03 2002-04-10 Dennis Mcfetrich Shotgun cartridge wad

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3055031A (en) * 1961-01-16 1962-09-25 Eastern Res Corp Polishing machine with aerosol dispenser
US3270671A (en) * 1965-04-29 1966-09-06 Remington Arms Co Inc Cartridge wad and process for the manufacture thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3055031A (en) * 1961-01-16 1962-09-25 Eastern Res Corp Polishing machine with aerosol dispenser
US3270671A (en) * 1965-04-29 1966-09-06 Remington Arms Co Inc Cartridge wad and process for the manufacture thereof

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978794A (en) * 1973-12-28 1976-09-07 Giulio Fiocchi, S.P.A. Base wad for shotshells
EP0301981A1 (fr) * 1987-07-27 1989-02-01 Marcel Piegay Bourre d'appoint pour cartouche de fusil de chasse ou autres armes à feu
FR2618890A1 (fr) * 1987-07-27 1989-02-03 Piegay Marcel Bourre d'appoint pour cartouche de fusil de chasse ou autres armes a feu
US4947754A (en) * 1987-12-10 1990-08-14 General Dynamics Corporation, Pomona Division System and method for penetrating orbiting targets
US5263417A (en) * 1989-10-23 1993-11-23 The Kent Cartridge Manufacturing Company Limited Shot gun cartridges
GB2253267A (en) * 1989-10-23 1992-09-02 Kent Cartridge Mfg Improvements in shot gun cartridges
GB2253267B (en) * 1989-10-23 1993-12-15 Kent Cartridge Mfg Improvements in shot gun cartridges
WO1991005982A1 (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-05-02 The Kent Cartridge Manufacturing Company Limited Improvements in shot gun cartridges
US20080223245A1 (en) * 2005-01-13 2008-09-18 Henry Stevens Projecticle Cartridge, a Wad for a Projectile Cartridge and a Method of Making Thereof
US7810432B2 (en) 2005-01-13 2010-10-12 Pvaxx Research And Development Limited Projectile cartridge wad
US20070181029A1 (en) * 2006-02-08 2007-08-09 Gunsandmore.Info Llc Method and apparatus for propelling a pellet or BB using a shock-sensitive explosive cap
US8191480B2 (en) * 2006-02-08 2012-06-05 Gunsandmore.Info Llc Method and apparatus for propelling a pellet or BB using a shock-sensitive explosive cap
US20120210904A1 (en) * 2008-08-11 2012-08-23 Merems Paul A Interceptor projectile and method of use
US8387540B2 (en) * 2008-08-11 2013-03-05 Raytheon Company Interceptor projectile and method of use
US8205537B1 (en) * 2008-08-11 2012-06-26 Raytheon Company Interceptor projectile with net and tether
US20100101444A1 (en) * 2008-10-27 2010-04-29 Schluckebier David K Wad with ignition chamber
US8220393B2 (en) 2008-10-27 2012-07-17 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Wad with ignition chamber
US8800449B2 (en) 2008-10-27 2014-08-12 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Wad with ignition chamber
US9500453B2 (en) 2008-10-27 2016-11-22 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Wad with ignition chamber
US20100192794A1 (en) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-05 R.A. Brands, L.L.C. Shotshell wad with shot confinement feature
US8555785B2 (en) 2009-02-02 2013-10-15 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Shotshell wad with shot confinement feature
US11181350B2 (en) * 2019-04-22 2021-11-23 Jason P. McDevitt Methods and devices for ammunition utilizing a particulate obturating medium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4971799A (cs) 1974-07-11
IT1001575B (it) 1976-04-30
GB1403148A (en) 1975-08-13
CA1000560A (en) 1976-11-30

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