US3802954A - Acrylic fibers having excellent pilling resistance and a process for producing the same - Google Patents

Acrylic fibers having excellent pilling resistance and a process for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3802954A
US3802954A US00146148A US14614871A US3802954A US 3802954 A US3802954 A US 3802954A US 00146148 A US00146148 A US 00146148A US 14614871 A US14614871 A US 14614871A US 3802954 A US3802954 A US 3802954A
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fibers
fiber
acrylic fibers
percent
acrylic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00146148A
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Z Orito
M Uchida
K Fujii
M Takesue
H Sahara
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/55—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur trioxide; with sulfuric acid or thiosulfuric acid or their salts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/58—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
    • D06M11/63—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides with hydroxylamine or hydrazine
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
    • D06M13/232—Organic carbonates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
    • D06M13/248—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing sulfur
    • D06M13/268—Sulfones
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/345—Nitriles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06Q—DECORATING TEXTILES
    • D06Q1/00—Decorating textiles
    • D06Q1/02—Producing patterns by locally destroying or modifying the fibres of a web by chemical actions, e.g. making translucent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
    • Y10T428/2975—Tubular or cellular
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
    • Y10T428/2978—Surface characteristic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/298—Physical dimension

Definitions

  • Acrylic fibers having excellent pilling resistance are disclosed.
  • the acrylic fibers have a plurality of elongated wedge-shaped concave depressions extending into the fiber surface. And the acrylic fibers are produced by pre-treating acrylic fibers with a modifier to modify the outer layer of individual fiber and then after-treating the fibers with an organic solvent for acrylic fiber.
  • FIG. 4A is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 4A
  • the present invention relates to acrylic fibers having a plurality of elongated wedge shaped concave depressions extending into the fiber surface and process for producing the same n V V v H V 7
  • the term fibers herein used includes the staple fibers, spun yarns, tow, knitted fabrics and woven fab- I'ICS.
  • A. fibers have various excellent physical and chemical properties so that the fibers have been used in many fields including clothes.
  • acrylic fibers have a defect that when the knitted or woven fabrics made of acrylic fibers are worn for long time or put under an action of rubbing such as washing, pills are formed on the surface of the fabrics. This phenomenon is well known as pilling and the pills spoil the beautiful appearance of the fabrics. Therefore, prevention of pilling has been earnestly desired.
  • the method has been used of making the fiber surface rough by embossing the fibers.
  • the acrylic fibers obtained by this method has not been satisfied from the point of pilling resistance.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide acrylic fibers having excellent pilling resistance.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing acrylic fibers having excellent pilling resistance.
  • acrylic fibers having excellent pilling resistance as well as other excellent fiber properties can be produced without losing the preferable fiber properties of acrylic fiber.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and'3 are scanning electron microscopic photographs showing the concave depressions formed into the surface of fibers.
  • FIG. 4 is to illustrate the method of measuring depth of the depression.
  • the concave depressions shown in scanning electron microphotographs of FIGS. 1 and 2 are somewhat different from the definite rhombic concaves shown in the photograph of FIG. 3 and this is due to the difference in spinning conditions. Therefore, the elongated wedge shaped concaves into the surface of the fibers of the present invention include those having the shapes as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and those having the shape as shown in FIG. 3.
  • Acrylic fibers of the present invention have a plurality of elongated wedge shaped concave depressions described hereinbefore.
  • Number of the concave depressions is preferably from 5 to 50 per inch along the length of a individual fiberfAnd the concave depressions are preferably in rhombic shape, length (a) of the major-axis (elongated axis) of the individual depression is in the range of 0.5 p. to 20p. and the maximum depth (b) of the concave depressions is in the range of 0.2;1. to 10 1..
  • Major axis of the rhombic depressions is alligned in the direction of the fiber axis and the minor axis of the rhombic depres' sions is alligned in the direction perpendicular to the fiber axis.
  • FIG. 4(A) is a schematic view of the concave depression and FIG. 4(B) is an inclined schematic view of FIG. 4(A) at an angle of 6.
  • a sample inclining apparatus (Goniometer-specimen stage Type JSM-GS manufactured by Japan Electron Optics Laboratory Co., Ltd.) is used with an angle of inclination of 20.
  • the fibers of the present invention are produced, for example, by the following method. 7
  • acrylic fibers are produced from acrylonitrile homopolymer, copolymer of acrylonitrile with at least one other monomer copolymerizable with acrylonitrile or their blend by the conventional spinning methods.
  • the acrylonitrile copolymer preferably contains more than percent by weight of acrylonitrile and up to 20 percent by weight of at least one other monomer copolymerizable with acrylonitrile.
  • the other monomer includes vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, styrene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl bromide, vinylidene bromide, acrylamide, methacrylamide, methacrylonitrile, and monomers containing sulfoxyl group or their salts.
  • methyl acetamide the pre-treatment is preferably carried out under such a condition thatmodified outer layer is 0.5 to 40 percent of the total cross sectional area of an individual fiber.
  • pre-treated acrylic fibers are after-treated with at least one organic treating agent which is nonsolvent for the modified outer layer, but is solvent for the un-modified inner layer of the acrylic fibers.
  • Method of said after-treatment with the organic treating agent is as follows: (A) The pretreated acrylic fibers are immersed in the organic treating liquid and then washed with water and dried, (B) the pre-treated acrylic fibers are immersed in an aqueous organic treating liquid, then squeezed and heat treated, or (C) the pre-treated acrylic fibers are treated with a vapor of the organic treating agent.
  • the pretreatment may be carried out on the acrylic fibers in a form of staple, tow, spun yarn, knitted or woven fabric.
  • Acrylic fibers of the present invention may be mix spun with other kind of fibers. And when the present acrylic fibers are mix spun with fibers which are degraded with the modifier to be used, it is preferable that the'present acrylic fibers are pre-treated with the modifier, mix spun with other kind'of fibers and then after treated with the organic treating agent.
  • the cross-sectional area of the modified outer layer is measured as follows: that is, the sample of the pretreated fibers is embedded in monomeric n-butyl methac'rylate and heatedto cause polymerization.
  • a specimen of the cross section of the fibers is prepared by the same means as in the preparation by optical microscope. Thereafter, the specimen is immersed in dimethyl formamide at 100C. .to dissolve unmodified inner layer of the fiber and the modified outer layer remained insoluble is photographed with a scanning electron microscope. The sectional area is calculated from the photograph.
  • the modifiers to be used for the pre-treatment iriclude for example, saponifying agents such as alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium'hydroxide, and sulfuric acid and chemical reacting agents such as hydroxylamine sul-,
  • the modification treatment is carried out so that area of the modified outer layer is 0.5.to 40 percent of cross sectional area of an individual acrylic fibers.
  • suitable modification treatment maybe carried out within the scope of the present invention. I f r Preferable. organic" treating agents for producing acrylicv fibers of the presentinvention areas follows:
  • organic treating agents may be used singly or jointly in the form of 100 percent solution or dilute solution.
  • an inert viscosity increasing agent dimethyl surr such as ethylene glycol or glycerine may be added thereto.
  • the pre-treated acrylic fibers are immersed in a solution of the organic treating agent.
  • concentration of the solution is higher than 85 percent
  • treating temperature is 10 to 100C.
  • treating time is 2 minutes to 1 hour.
  • a mixture such as dimethyl formamide-ethylene carbonate, di-
  • methyl acetamide-ethylene carbonate may be used.
  • the pretreated fibers are immersed in an aqueous solution of the organic treating agent.
  • the agents include dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene carbonate. These organic treating agents may be preferably used in such a manner that amount of the agent adhered to the fibers immediately after squeezing is more than 15 percent, more preferably 15 percent to 100 percent of the'weight of the dried fiber.
  • the heat treating temper ature is preferably 50C. to 120C.
  • concentration of the aqueous solution heating temperature and heating time, there is no special limitation.
  • the pre-treated fibers are exposed in a vapour of organic solvents for acrylic fibers having a boiling point of lower than 250C.
  • organic solvents for acrylic fibers inorganic solvents may be used beside the organic solvents.
  • the organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide are the most prefera bly used.
  • the pre-treated fibers are after-treated with inorganic solvents, the fibers themselves are swollen or dissolved to cause adhesion between the fibers. Furthermore, inorganic solvents are vapourized with difficulty. 7
  • the concave depressions are 7 formed due to extraction of the unmodified inner layer (soluble in dimethyl formamide) through the modified the present invention have an elongated wedge shape and the major axis of the depression is alligned lengthwise direction of the fiber axis and the minor axis of the depression is alligned in the direction perpendicular to the fiber axis.
  • Said concave depressions are extending into the surface of the fibers and are dispersed in the whole surface of the fibers. Therefore, contact area between single fibers is decreased and thus the knitted or woven fabrics have soft hand and excellent shape stability.
  • the present invention ples.
  • Treating agent Concentra- Temperature Treating Area of outer Major axis (a) of Maximum depth (b) Number of depression/inch tion (C) time layer depression (a) of depression (1.1.)
  • slivers high bulk fibers
  • a part of said 25 A copolymer of 93 percent by weight of 'acrylonitrile slivers were shrunk by a fiber setter to obtain regularfibers.
  • Forty parts of the high bulk fibers and 60 parts of the regular fibers were worsted-spun to obtain high bulk two folded yarns (250/360 T/M) of 36 metric and 7 percent by weight of vinyl acetate was spun by i the conventional dry spinning method toobtain staple fibers(3 deniers per filament semi dull).
  • the staple fibers were pre-treated with 2 percent aqueous solution counts.
  • Said high bulk yarns were pre-treated with 0.5 f di h dr xid at 90C for 30 minutes, washed percent aqueous solution ofsodium hydroxide at 90C. for 30 minutes, then bleached with 1 percent aqueous solution of acetic acid at 98C. for 15 minutes, washed with water and dried.
  • the fibers were insoluble in diwith water and dried.
  • microphotograph of the fibers treated with treating agent (1) in Table A by a scanning electron microscope is shown in FIG. 1.
  • Elongated Treating agent Concentra- Tempera- Immersion Major axis (a) of Maximum depth (b) Number of depression/inch" tion ture (C) time (min.) depression (u) of depression (pt) g 1 98 25 -20 5-12 0.5 -2 40 Dimethylformamid I 2 /50 25 20 4 -io 0.5 2 r 25 Dimethylt'ormarnide/Ethylene carbonate (3) /10 2s 20 3-8 0.4-2 "id Y Ethylene carbonate water (4) i 98 2s 20 5-12- q 0.54 '40 Dimethylacetamide q *2 I (5) 98 so 20 z-s 0.5-2 1s Acetonitrile w W" M,
  • EXAMPLE 4 l ligh bulk yarns in Example 1 were pre-treated with 2 percent aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at 90C. for 30 minutes, and then bleached with 1 percent aqueous solution of acetic acid at 98C. for 15 minutes, washed with water and dried.
  • the outer layer of the fibers was insoluble in dimethylformamide at 100C. and this insolubilized part was 21 percent of total cross sectional area of the fibers.
  • pre-treated high bulk yarns were immersed in 30 percent aqueous solution of dimethylformamide kept at 25C. and then squeezed in such a manner that the amount of dimethylformamide solution adheredto the yarns was 70 percent of weight of dried fibers. Then. the yarns were heat treated for one hour in a drier kept at 90C. Said yarns were dyed and subjected to softening treatment and then were made into a sweater by 146 Full Fashion'knitting machine.
  • the concave depressions have a length of major axis of 1.2 to 7 p. and a depth of 0.4 to 1 pi and number of depressions per 1 inch was 15.
  • EXAMPLE 5 A copolymer of 94 percent by weight of acrylonitrile and 6 percent by weight of methyl acrylate was spun by the conventional dry spinning method to obtain staple fibers of 3 deniers per filament. The fibers werepretreated with 13 percent owf of hydroxylamine sulfate and 10 percent owf of sodium secondary phosphate at a liquor ratio of 1 10 at 98C.,for 30 minutes.
  • Said knitted fabric had an excellent pilling resistance as shown in Table F.
  • Acrylic fiber two folded spun yarns (250/360 T/M) of 32 metric counts were immersed in a mixed aqueous solution of 10 percent of glycerine and 10 percent sulfuric acid, and then squeezed. Thereafter, the yarns were heated at 120C. for 10 minutes to pretreat the yarns, washed with water and dried. The outer layer of the fibers was insoluble in dimethylformamide at 100- C. and said outer layer of the fiber was percent of total sectional area of the fiber.
  • Acrylic fibers each having an outer layer, and said fibers having a plurality of elongated wedge shaped concave depressions extending into the surface thereof, the number of said depressions being more than 3 per inch along the length of an individual fiber and the elongated axis of said depressions being axially aligned in the lengthwise direction of the fiber, wherein said outer layer of said fibers is insoluble in dimethyl formamide at 100C. and said outer layer is 0.5 to percent of the total cross sectional area of an individual fiber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US00146148A 1970-05-27 1971-05-24 Acrylic fibers having excellent pilling resistance and a process for producing the same Expired - Lifetime US3802954A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4550270 1970-05-27
JP4861470 1970-06-05
JP4930870 1970-06-08
JP5083470A JPS4926117B1 (Direct) 1970-06-12 1970-06-12

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3957936A (en) * 1971-07-22 1976-05-18 Raduner & Co., Ag High temperature process for modifying thermoplastic filamentous material
US4013753A (en) * 1973-10-09 1977-03-22 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for the production of spontaneously crimping polyacrylonitrile composite fibres with improved crimp properties
US4183884A (en) * 1973-01-24 1980-01-15 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Method for manufacturing hydrogel tubes
US4455347A (en) * 1981-04-03 1984-06-19 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Acrylic fibers having irregular-form section and process for producing the same
US4805393A (en) * 1986-11-20 1989-02-21 Reta Marcos A String construction for a sports racket
US5344711A (en) * 1988-12-28 1994-09-06 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Acrylic synthetic fiber and process for preparation thereof

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3957936A (en) * 1971-07-22 1976-05-18 Raduner & Co., Ag High temperature process for modifying thermoplastic filamentous material
US4183884A (en) * 1973-01-24 1980-01-15 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Method for manufacturing hydrogel tubes
US4013753A (en) * 1973-10-09 1977-03-22 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for the production of spontaneously crimping polyacrylonitrile composite fibres with improved crimp properties
US4455347A (en) * 1981-04-03 1984-06-19 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Acrylic fibers having irregular-form section and process for producing the same
US4805393A (en) * 1986-11-20 1989-02-21 Reta Marcos A String construction for a sports racket
WO1989007670A1 (en) * 1988-02-22 1989-08-24 Marcas Arturo Reta String construction for a sports racket
US5344711A (en) * 1988-12-28 1994-09-06 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Acrylic synthetic fiber and process for preparation thereof

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Publication number Publication date
DE2126220B2 (Direct) 1974-04-18
DE2126220C3 (de) 1975-01-02
DE2126220A1 (de) 1971-12-02
GB1309051A (en) 1973-03-07

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