US3802928A - Method for surface hardening steel and cemented carbides - Google Patents
Method for surface hardening steel and cemented carbides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3802928A US3802928A US00199310A US19931071A US3802928A US 3802928 A US3802928 A US 3802928A US 00199310 A US00199310 A US 00199310A US 19931071 A US19931071 A US 19931071A US 3802928 A US3802928 A US 3802928A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- weight
- surface hardening
- cemented carbides
- trace amounts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 abstract description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001495 sodium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910020808 NaBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000656145 Thyrsites atun Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000221013 Viscum album Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- the employed temperature can be of course increased until reaching the stability limit or boundary, depending upon the type of steel which is to be hardened. In this connection temperatures up to 620 C and l,l50 C respectively can be utilized. Further, the inventive treatment can be carried out with or without the-addition of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide additives.
- borium carbide brought into contact with a mixture containing approximately 5 70 parts by weight borium carbide, 1 60 parts by weights anhydrous aluminum oxide, trace amounts up to 6 parts by weight NaBF and trace amounts up to 10 parts by weight sodium floride.
- the present invention improves upon the surface hardening technique disclosed in my aforementioned copending United States application. More specifically,
- High temperature hardeners such as for instance high-speed'steels' require for an additional boundary or rim hardening suitable carrier structures, such as for instance austenitic core structures.
- suitable boundary hardening techniques must therefore be sufficiently effective at relatively low temperatures in the order of approximately 580 C 620 C in order to be ableto carry out tempering treatments without core hardness damage.
- the more recent techniques for steel boriding are to a certain extent superior to the known techniques for nitride hardening, yet requireoperatingtemperatures between approximately 700 C and 900 C.
- the inventive method brings about a multiple time reduction in the furnace throughput. There is also simultaneously brought about a pronounced increase in the infusion depth.
- the resulting hard film or coating A preferred mixture possesses for instance the j following composition:
- a COMO-310-high speed steel with a performance hardness of 950 HV is heat treated for 5 minutes at a temperature in a range between 400 C and 440 C with the above composition of hardening agent while introducing ammonia gas. Even with this intentionally brief selected treatment-time the external steelhardness climbed to a value exceeding 3,700 HV.
- the infusion depth after 5 minutes was 500 microns. After 10 minutes there was' obtained approximately 1,000 microns infusion depth.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1728370 | 1970-11-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3802928A true US3802928A (en) | 1974-04-09 |
Family
ID=4424195
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00199310A Expired - Lifetime US3802928A (en) | 1970-11-20 | 1971-11-16 | Method for surface hardening steel and cemented carbides |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3802928A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE2155797A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2115288A6 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1377098A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1983000106A1 (en) * | 1981-07-02 | 1983-01-20 | Turbine Metal Technology Inc | Erosion resistant tubular apparatus for handling slurries |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1555802A (en) * | 1976-01-28 | 1979-11-14 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Metalworking tool elements |
-
1971
- 1971-11-10 DE DE19712155797 patent/DE2155797A1/de active Pending
- 1971-11-12 GB GB5258671A patent/GB1377098A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-11-16 US US00199310A patent/US3802928A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-11-19 FR FR7141529A patent/FR2115288A6/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1983000106A1 (en) * | 1981-07-02 | 1983-01-20 | Turbine Metal Technology Inc | Erosion resistant tubular apparatus for handling slurries |
| US4389439A (en) * | 1981-07-02 | 1983-06-21 | Turbine Metal Technology, Inc. | Erosion resistant tubular apparatus for handling slurries |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1377098A (en) | 1974-12-11 |
| FR2115288A6 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-07-07 |
| DE2155797A1 (de) | 1972-05-25 |
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