US3799075A

US3799075A - Hot ash dump

Info

Publication number: US3799075A
Application number: US00324025A
Authority: US
Inventors: N Hazzard; L Lavely
Original assignee: Air Preheater Co Inc
Current assignee: Enercon Systems Inc
Priority date: 1973-01-16
Filing date: 1973-01-16
Publication date: 1974-03-26
Anticipated expiration: 1991-03-26
Also published as: ES199457Y; JPS5315309B2; ES199457U; AU6446674A; CA998882A; JPS49103479A

Abstract

A grateless incinerator having a pyrolyzation chamber, an afterburner that is downstream therefrom, and a subjacent ash discharge chamber separated from the pyrolyzation chamber by movable closure means. Ash including unburned combustible matter is dropped from the pyrolyzation chamber through the opened closure means to the ash discharge chamber subjacent thereto where smoke, fumes, dust, and other matter generated by the incompletely burned residual matter and the agitated ash are returned through a controlled passageway to the afterburner whereby they are again subjected to conditions of combustion before being directed to an exhaust duct.

Description

United States Patent [191 Hazzard et al.

[ Mar. 26, 1974 HOT ASH DUMP [75] Inventors: Noel D. Hazzard; Lloyd L. Lavely,

Jr., both of Wellsville, NY.

[73] Assignee: The Air Preheater Company, Inc., Wellsville, N.Y.

[22] Filed: Jan. 16, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 324,025

[52] US. Cl. 110/8 A, 110/165 [51] Int. Cl. F23g 5/12 [58] Field of Search 110/8 R, 8 A, l1, 17, 165

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,043,248 7/1962 Martin 110/8 3,303,798 2/1967 Kartinen et a1. 110/11 1,759,042 1 S/l930 DeCarie 110/17 1,776,914 9/1930 Langford llO/l7 X Primary Examiner-Kenneth W. Sprague Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Wayne H. Lang [57] ABSTRACT A grateless incinerator having a pyrolyzation chamber, an afterbumer that is downstream therefrom, and a subjacent ash discharge chamber separated from the pyrolyzation chamber by movable closure means. Ash including unburned combustible matter is dropped from the pyrolyzation chamber through the opened closure means to the ash discharge chamber subjacent thereto where smoke, fumes, dust, and other matter generated by the incompletely burned residual matter and the agitated ash are returned through a controlled passageway to the afterburner whereby they are again subjected to conditions of combustion before being directed to an exhaust duct.

3 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure FUEL nor ASH DUMP BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a device for the incineration of trash, waste material and other combustible refuse. The device includes an incinerator having an enclosed primary combustion or pyrolyzing chamber, a subjacent ash receiving chamber, and an afterburner. The ash receiving chamber is enclosed except for an ash removal door and an exhaust port that is connected back to the afterburner whereby smoke, ash, dust and gaseous material generated in the ash receiving chamber is subjected to conditions of incineration therein before it is exhausted to the atmosphere.

2. Description of Prior Art While it is common knowledge that multi-chamber incinerators that are constructed to include an enclosed pyrolyzing chamber in advance of an afterburner comprise a common arrangement for an incinerator designed to eliminate organic waste, the effective operation of such an application requires the complete pyrolyzation of waste in the primary chamber, the complete combustion of the pyrolyzed gas, and then complete cooling-down of the pyrolyzing chamber before the incinerator may be safely opened to the atmosphere and a worker may obtain access to the incinerator so that ash may be removed therefrom in the manner shown by U. S. Pat. Nos. 3,591,707 and 3,505,181.

In these patents, the incinerator comprises a housing including a grateless pyrolyzing chamber in which waste matter therein may be subjected to pyrolyzation. In combination therewith is an afterburner that is connected to the housing exhaust to burn the gases generated in the pyrolyzing chamber. Pyrolyzation or burning of waste is usually a slow process and it has been found that a complete burning cycle for a given charge of waste may require from six to eight hours for completion, although approximately 90 percent of the waste charge is burned in the first hour of operation and only percent burned in the final five to seven hours. Threfore, it may be seen that most of the time required for the complete pyrolyzing or burning of a mass of waste material is required to burn but a small part of the material while by far the largest portion of the waste is burned during the first moments of operatron.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention therefore relates to a means for the disposal of organic waste having a grateless pyrolyzing chamber that exhausts to an afterburner, and a subjacent ash receiving chamber with a duct connected to the afterburner and having a movable closure. Waste material is for a short time held in the pyrolyzing chamber where it is subjected to the temperature of pyrolyzation and thereby reduced to but a small fraction of its original volume. Ash and unburned residual matter from the freshly pyrolyzed material is then dropped from the pyrolyzing chamber through the closure to the ash receiving chamber where combustion continues and the combustible matter continues to smoke and smolder. Residual gas and smoke generated by the incompletely burned residue in the ash receiving chamber is continuously ducted back into the afterburner where final combustion is effected and residual gases free from combustible matter may be exhausted to the atmosphere.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING A better understanding of the invention may be had by reference to the drawing in which the single FIG- URE is a sectional elevation of my invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In the drawing of the present invention the reference number 10 describes a housing enclosing a pyrolyzing chamber 12 having an access door 14 for a load of waste material and an outlet opening 16 for the exhaust of gaseous products from the pyrolyzing chamber.

Connected to the outlet opening 16 is a duct 18 that encloses afterburner 22 and exhausts gases therefrom through a stack 24 to the atmosphere.

A source of air 26 is ducted through 28 to the pyrolyzing chamber 12 and through supply line 32 to the afterburner 22 having

control valves

30 and 33 whereby gases generated in chamber 12 may be provided with the controlled amount of air necessary for pyrolyzation at chamber 22. A source of fuel is provided to the afterburner through supply line 34 having control valve 57 whereby temperatures threin may be maintained at from l,200 F. to 2,000 F. and through supply line 55 and valve 50 to chamber 12. The valves 50 and 57 may be manually controlled in a manner that is now disclosed by previous U.S. Pat. No. 3,491,707.

The bottom of pyrolyzing chamber 12 has a movable closure 36 that comprises a single or multiple door arrangement that effectively isolates pyrolyzing chamber 12 from subjacent ash receiving chamber 38.

The movable closure is provided with a suitable arrangement such as hydraulic actuator 42 pivotally attached at 49 to the extension on a closure 36 whereby the application of pressure fluid to the actuator will move the bottom of the chamber 12 to an open position so that residual material thereon will be dropped to the subjacent ash receiving chamber 38.

As ash and other residual material descends to chamber 38, agitation of the ash will produce a cloud of particulate material including smoke and small particles of ash. This smoke and ash will rise through duct 44 and open valve 47 to the afterburner chamber 22 where it will be subjected to the high temperatures provided by the combustion of fuel therein.

In operation, organic waste material is loaded into the incinerator chamber 12 through loading door 14. Ignition is started therein by a suitable method such as simply opening fuel valve 50 and applying a lighted match to the flowing gas. A flow of air from source 26 is controlled by opening valve 30 as required to provide sufficient air for pyrolyzation. As the organic material in the incinerator burns the gas and smoke generated in chamber 12 is exhausted through port 16 into the afterburner 22.

Excess air is provided through duct 32 and fuel is provided through duct 34 to the afterburner to complete combustion of all gases and smoke generated in chamber 12 so only carbon dioxide and water vapor will exhaust through stack 24 to the atmosphere.

For a burn that normally requires approximately eight hours for completion, it has been found that ap required to burn the remaining percent of the charge. Therefore, incompletely burned residual material comprising about 10 percent of the original charge of waste material and ash is dumped from chamber 12 throgh closure 36 to chamber 38 after being held about one hour in the pyrolyzing chamber 12. After being open momentarily to permit residual material to pass therethrough, the closure 36 is quickly closed and a new charge of waste material is loaded through opening 14 and combustion thereof initiated.

The incompletely burned residual material that has descended into the chamber 38 now at about 10 percent of its original volume continues to smolder and smoke and be vented through by-pass duct 44 to the afterburner chamber 22 where it is mixed with fuel from source 34 and air from source 26 whereby it is brought to a high temperature of from 1,200 F. to 2,000 F. that consumes the combustible gases and exhausts the inert gases into the atmosphere.

Ash cleanout door 43 in the ash receiving chamber permits the accumulation of ashes to be removed therefrom.

What has been described and shown herein is an arrangement for a starved air or pyrolyzing type incinerator of the intermittently fired type that is adapted for continuous operation wherein exhaust gases therefrom are exhausted to the atmosphere in a smokeless and odorless form.

The invention described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawing is believed to admit to many modifications within the ability of persons skilled in the art, all such modifications being considered to lie within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

1. An incinerator for burning combustible waste material therein that comprises a pyrolyzing chamber having a loading opening for the admission of waste material and an oulet opening for the exhaust of gases generated therein, an outlet stack including an afterburner chamber, fuel and air supply means in the pyrolyzing chamber, a passageway connecting the outlet from the pyrolyzing chamber to the afterburner chamber, an ash receiving chamber subjacent the pyrolyzing chamber, an ash clean-out door in said ash receiving chamber, movable closure means separating the pyrolyzing chamber from the ash receiving chamber, means for actuating the movable closure means, and duct means connecting the ash receiving chamber to the afterburner chamber whereby gas and smoke generated in the ash receiving chamber is directed into the afterburner chamber and subjected to complete incineration before it is exhausted to the outlet stack.

2. An incinerator for burning combustible waste material as defined in claim 1 having valve means in the duct that connects the ash receiving chamber to the afterburner chamber whereby said valve may be closed when the ash clean-out door is opened to remove ash therefrom.

3. An incinerator for burning combustible waste material as defined in claim 2 including air and fuel supply means connected to the pyrolyzing chamber and to the afterburner chamber, and valve means controlling the air and fuel supply to provide controlled combustion conditions.