US3795368A - Foam-water sprinkler device - Google Patents

Foam-water sprinkler device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3795368A
US3795368A US00344398A US3795368DA US3795368A US 3795368 A US3795368 A US 3795368A US 00344398 A US00344398 A US 00344398A US 3795368D A US3795368D A US 3795368DA US 3795368 A US3795368 A US 3795368A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
foam
barrel
nozzle
splitter
throat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00344398A
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English (en)
Inventor
D Larah
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mather and Platt Ltd
Original Assignee
Mather and Platt Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mather and Platt Ltd filed Critical Mather and Platt Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3795368A publication Critical patent/US3795368A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/08—Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/08—Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers
    • A62C37/10—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/26—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
    • B05B1/262—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors
    • B05B1/265—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors the liquid or other fluent material being symmetrically deflected about the axis of the nozzle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/0018—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam
    • B05B7/005—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam wherein ambient air is aspirated by a liquid flow
    • B05B7/0056—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam wherein ambient air is aspirated by a liquid flow with disturbing means promoting mixing, e.g. balls, crowns

Definitions

  • FIGb EXPANSION RATIO PATENTEU 51974 SHEET 3 [IF 4 Ow Om FOAM-WATER SPRHNKLER DEVICE
  • This invention relates to foam-water sprinkler devices for tire extinguishing systems and more particularly has to do with sprinkler heads which form and distribute a mechanical fire-extinguishing foam when a foam compound and water together known as a foam solution are discharged therethrough from a source of foam compound and water under pressure and which distributes water when water alone is discharged therethrough from a source of water under pressure.
  • a foam-water sprinkler system it is desirable to keep the size of the sprinkler device as small as possible, to provide a sprinkler device which can be used either in an upright or pendant position with a minimum of modification, to provide a sprinkler device which forms a foam of such quality that the blanket of foam which accumulates on the surfaces in the protected area is not washed away or greatly damaged by the subsequent discharge of water-alone, to provide a sprinkler device which widely and evenly distributes this foam, and to provide a sprinkler device which widely and evenly distributes water alone.
  • British Pat. Specification No. 976,867 discloses a sprinkler device which achieves each of these desirable objects to a degree.
  • the said Patent Specification discloses a sprinkler device in the form of a nozzle presented to one open end of a short barrel which has a first passageway portion tapering to a throat,-and in which the throat is followed by an expansion second passageway portion larger than the throat and extending therebeyond, there being a splitter in the path of the nozzle and in the upstream end of the first passageway portion, and there being a deflector spaced beyond the open end of the second passageway portion.
  • a foam-water sprinkler device comprising a nozzle for connection to a source of water and foam compound under pressure and having a discharge orifice of reduced diameter, said nozzle being connected by legs to a hollow tubular barrel axially aligned with the nozzle and open at both ends, the inlet end of the tubular barrel being spaced from the discharge end of the nozzle so that in use, air is entrained and a mixture of air and liquid passes along the barrel, the discharge end of the latter being spaced by supporting struts from a cone deflector which creates the distribution pattern of the final foam on the area to be protected from fire, the barrel comprising in sequence in the direction of air/- liquid mixture flow, a converging bore, a throat or por tion of reduced bore, and an enlarged bore portion extending to the barrel outlet adjacent to the cone deflector, there being a splitter located either downstream of, or partially within, the throat or portion of reduced bore to split up the air/liquid stream.
  • the splitter is dimensioned so as to present a convex, substantially hemispherical surface to the nozzle orifice.
  • the splitter may be a ball supported centrally in the barrel and has a diameter of a similar size to the discharge orifice of the nozzle.
  • FIG. 1 is a partly sectioned side elevation view of a foam-water sprinkler device in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectioned side elevation view taken on line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross sectional views taken on lines 33 and 44, respectively, of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the expansion ratio, i.e. the ratio of the volume of foam produced to the volume of solution used to produce it, of a foam solution for different splitter positions
  • FlGS. 6, 7 and 8 illustrate the effect on the expansion ratio obtained with the described embodiment of the invention and with prior art devices of foam solution quality pressure and induction respectively.
  • the foam-water sprinkler device shown comprises a nozzle 10 externally threaded at 12 for connection to a source of water and foam compound under pressure, for example, a piping system (not shown) conducting such materials to the area to be protected from fire.
  • a source of water and foam compound under pressure for example, a piping system (not shown) conducting such materials to the area to be protected from fire.
  • the nozzle passage 14 is slightly restricted at the discharge orifice 16 by a decrease in diameter, as shown.
  • Secured to the nozzle by short legs 18 is a hollow tubular barrel 20 axially aligned with the axis 30 of the nozzle and open at both its inlet end 22 and its discharge end 24.
  • the end 22 is spaced somewhat from the discharge orifice 16 of the nozzle, and similarly an axially located cone deflector 26 is spaced from the open discharge end 24 of the barrel by short supporting struts 28.
  • fluid under pressure for example, a mixture of foam compound and water
  • a mixture of foam compound and water issues from the discharge orifice 16 of the nozzle 10 it is in the form of a solid stream which enters the open inlet end 22 of the barrel along the barrel axis 30 and strikes a ball-shaped splitter 32, supported beneath the barrel passageway 34 on the barrel axis by a pair of rods 36.
  • This impact fans the stream out against the barrel wall downstream of the splitter.
  • the ball splitter 32 has a diamter slightly greater than that of the orifice 16 so that substantially the entire stream impinges on the splitter even if the stream-expands somewhat between the nozzle orifice and splitter.
  • the ball splitter is located downstream of a first barrel passageway portion 30a which is defined by straight sided walls of the barrel having a converging taper between the upstream end of this first portion and a throat 30b.
  • the horizontal cross section of this first passageway portion is substantially circular.
  • the barrel passageway opens out along a short portion 30c with a taper much more abrupt than the taper in portion 30a to join a final expansion portion 30d having in this embodiment substantially the same diameter as the upstream end first portion.
  • the rods 36 which support the splitter 32 are arranged in the short portion 30c.
  • the stream of foam solution passes through the first portion 30a, strikes the splitter, and is fanned out against the barrel walls.
  • the movement of the thus agitated solution along the barrel passageway entrains air from the open barrel inlet end 22 so that a mixture of air and solution progresses along the barrel.
  • This mixture is the beginning of the foam which this sprinkler device is intended to form and the further interaction ofthe solution and air along the remainder of the barrel and against the deflector completes and distributes this foam.
  • the barrel passageway has another portion 30e upstream of portion 30a.
  • this portion has a diameter substantially greater than the diameter of the upstream end of passageway portion 30a so that air can be freely drawn into the barrel even though the nozzle is located across the inlet end 22 and to some extend blocks it. This enables the nozzle 10 to be located close to the barrel to keep at a minimum the overall length of the device.
  • the enlarged diamter of passageway portion 302 at the inlet end 22 is achieved by a continuation upstream along portion 30e of the constant taper of portion 30a. This is a preferred arrangement because of its simplicity and smooth flow characteristics.
  • the splitter 32 preferably presents to the stream a splitting surface on which an axial projection of the discharge nozzle orifice 16 substantially entirely falls so A OLD that substantially the entire stream issuing from the nozzle strikes the splitter and is fanned out thereby.
  • This surface is preferably substantially a hemisphere, as is the case, for example, when the splitter 32 is a complete ball having a diameter larger than the diameter of the nozzle opening 16.
  • hemispherical surface has a large central portion of its surface area which is suitably blunt to agitate the solution striking this portion and at the same time has a large peripheral portion of its surface area which is suitably angled to redirect and fan out the solution striking there without greatly retarding the velocity of that solution.
  • Another advantage is that, by using a ball for a splitter, manufacture is greatly simplified because the splitting surface need not be carefully orientated with respect tothe nozzle. It is enough to locate the ball in the path of the stream from the nozzle and twisting or turning of the ball does not change the orientation of the splitting surface.
  • the throat 30b is preferably substantially larger in area than the axially projected area of the splitter.
  • the passageway preferably opens outwardly abruptly to the expansion portion which is preferably cylindrical and has a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the upstream end of first tapered portion 30a.
  • the deflector 26 is in the form of a cone axially aligned with the barrel axis 30 and having its apex 38 presented to the open barrel end 24. On issuing from this end the frothy mixture of solution and air is further agitated by impingement on this cone and is redirected thereby outwardly against suitable lines 40 which extend beyond the cone edge and create the distribution pattern of the final foam on the area to be protected from fire.
  • these tines 40 are formed on a separate plate 42 secured to the base of the deflector cone 26 by a rivet 44 integral with the deflector 26, and these tines are disposed to distribute the foam to the floor of the protected area when the device is in the pendant position shown.
  • Other tine shapes (not shown) can be used in a well known manner to distribute the foam to the floor when the device is used in another position, for example, an upright position.
  • the effects on the foam expansion ratio of varying the axial position of the splitter 32 are illustrated. It will be seen that a peak performance is obtained when the splitter 32 is located either downstream of or partially within the throat. This performance may be seen to be significantly better than that obtained when the splitter is in the position according to the prior art, which is shown in dotted lines.
  • foam compound was taken from a good sample and passed after dilution with water either through a NEW" or an OLD" device at a pressure of 30 psi. and induction of 6 percent.
  • the results are set out in Table 1:
  • a foam-water sprinkler device comprising a nozzle for connectionto a source of water and foam compound under pressure and having adischarge orifice of reduced diameter, said nozzle being connected by legs to a hollow tubular barrel axially aligned with the nozzle and open at both ends, the inlet end of the tubular barrel being spaced from the discharge end of the nozzle so that in use, air is entrained and a mixture of air and liquid passes along the barrel, the discharge end of the latter being spaced by supporting struts from a cone deflector which creates the distribution pattern of the final foam on the area to be protected from fire, the barrel comprising in sequence in the direction of air/- liquid mixture flow, a converging bore, a throat or portion of reduced bore, and an enlarged bore portion extending to the barrel outlet adjacent to the cone deflector, there being a splitter located either downstream of, or partially within, the throat or portion of reduced bore to split up the air/liquid stream.
  • a foam water sprinkler device according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the splitter which is farthest upstream in the barrel is located in the thinest portion thereof.
  • a foam water sprinkler device according to claim 11, wherein the splitter is a ball supported centrally in the barrel and has a diameter ofa similar size to the discharge orifice -of the nozzle.
  • a foam water sprinkler device according to claim 1, wherein the barrel opens outwardly abruptly downstream of the throat to an enlarged bore portion which has a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the inlet end of the converging bore.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
US00344398A 1973-03-07 1973-03-23 Foam-water sprinkler device Expired - Lifetime US3795368A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1115873A GB1412348A (en) 1973-03-07 1973-03-07 Foam-water sprinkler device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3795368A true US3795368A (en) 1974-03-05

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ID=9981094

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00344398A Expired - Lifetime US3795368A (en) 1973-03-07 1973-03-23 Foam-water sprinkler device

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US3795368A (de)
BE (1) BE798573A (de)
BR (1) BR7305495D0 (de)
CA (1) CA971204A (de)
CH (1) CH561572A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2326924C2 (de)
DK (1) DK136104B (de)
FR (1) FR2220985A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1412348A (de)
IE (1) IE37502B1 (de)
IT (1) IT981840B (de)
LU (1) LU68098A1 (de)
NL (1) NL7310520A (de)
SE (1) SE385543B (de)
ZA (1) ZA732034B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3990365A (en) * 1975-09-17 1976-11-09 Paulson Harold E Cylinder moistening device
US5785126A (en) * 1993-10-25 1998-07-28 Svenska Skum Ab Method of extinguishing of fire in open or closed spaces and means for performing the method
FR2765112A1 (fr) * 1997-06-30 1998-12-31 Desautel Diffuseur pour dispositif de protection incendie, insallation et dispositif pourvus d'un tel diffuseur
US20180080229A1 (en) * 2016-09-21 2018-03-22 John Kunz Fluid receiver, fluid dispenser, and an irrigation system including the same

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL187194B (nl) * 1981-04-27 1991-02-01 Figgie Int Inc Sproeimondstuk.
US4974618A (en) * 1983-08-31 1990-12-04 Duraclean International, Inc. Apparatus and method for fabric cleaning with foam
DE3624939A1 (de) * 1986-07-23 1988-01-28 Verband Der Sachversicherer E Sprinkler/loeschduese fuer ortsfeste feuerloeschanlagen
DE3627374A1 (de) * 1986-08-12 1988-02-18 Total Feuerschutz Gmbh Feuerloescheinrichtung
US7624812B2 (en) 2006-04-20 2009-12-01 The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co. Extended coverage, storage, automatic fire protection sprinkler
US7343980B2 (en) * 2006-05-04 2008-03-18 The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. Enhanced protection extended coverage pendent fire protection sprinkler
US10532236B2 (en) 2008-02-13 2020-01-14 The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. Method of fire protection for storage occupancies utilizing a plurality of pendent control mode specific application extended coverage fire protection sprinklers

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3051397A (en) * 1961-04-03 1962-08-28 Grinnell Corp Foam-water sprinkler device
US3199790A (en) * 1961-11-15 1965-08-10 Giesemann Herbert Spraying apparatus for the production of foamed plastic materials for use as fillers and insulations
US3693884A (en) * 1971-02-05 1972-09-26 Duane S Snodgrass Fire foam nozzle

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2597913A (en) * 1947-09-12 1952-05-27 Joshua B Webster Fire foam nozzle

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3051397A (en) * 1961-04-03 1962-08-28 Grinnell Corp Foam-water sprinkler device
US3199790A (en) * 1961-11-15 1965-08-10 Giesemann Herbert Spraying apparatus for the production of foamed plastic materials for use as fillers and insulations
US3693884A (en) * 1971-02-05 1972-09-26 Duane S Snodgrass Fire foam nozzle

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3990365A (en) * 1975-09-17 1976-11-09 Paulson Harold E Cylinder moistening device
US5785126A (en) * 1993-10-25 1998-07-28 Svenska Skum Ab Method of extinguishing of fire in open or closed spaces and means for performing the method
FR2765112A1 (fr) * 1997-06-30 1998-12-31 Desautel Diffuseur pour dispositif de protection incendie, insallation et dispositif pourvus d'un tel diffuseur
US20180080229A1 (en) * 2016-09-21 2018-03-22 John Kunz Fluid receiver, fluid dispenser, and an irrigation system including the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1412348A (en) 1975-11-05
IE37502B1 (en) 1977-08-03
IT981840B (it) 1974-10-10
CA971204A (en) 1975-07-15
LU68098A1 (de) 1973-10-03
BE798573A (fr) 1973-08-16
NL7310520A (de) 1974-09-10
CH561572A5 (de) 1975-05-15
SE385543B (sv) 1976-07-12
DK136104B (da) 1977-08-15
ZA732034B (en) 1974-02-27
DE2326924A1 (de) 1974-09-12
BR7305495D0 (pt) 1974-12-24
IE37502L (en) 1973-09-07
DE2326924C2 (de) 1982-12-30
FR2220985A5 (de) 1974-10-04
DK136104C (de) 1978-01-23

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