US3795125A - High-fin integral finned tube of heat-resisting alloys, and multi-pass process for making the same - Google Patents

High-fin integral finned tube of heat-resisting alloys, and multi-pass process for making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3795125A
US3795125A US00221358A US3795125DA US3795125A US 3795125 A US3795125 A US 3795125A US 00221358 A US00221358 A US 00221358A US 3795125D A US3795125D A US 3795125DA US 3795125 A US3795125 A US 3795125A
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United States
Prior art keywords
discs
fins
fin
tube
rib
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00221358A
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English (en)
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D Laing
J Issott
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Bank of Nova Scotia
Wolverine Tube Inc
Universal Oil Products Co
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Universal Oil Products Co
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Publication of US3795125A publication Critical patent/US3795125A/en
Assigned to WOLVERINE TUBE, INC., A DE. CORP. reassignment WOLVERINE TUBE, INC., A DE. CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: UOP INC.,
Assigned to BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA, THE reassignment BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA, THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: WOLVERINE ACQUISITION CORP. A CORP. OF DE
Assigned to WOLVERINE ACQUISITION CORP., A DE CORP reassignment WOLVERINE ACQUISITION CORP., A DE CORP ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: WOLVERINE TUBE, INC.,
Assigned to WOLVERINE TUBE, INC., A CORP. OF AL reassignment WOLVERINE TUBE, INC., A CORP. OF AL CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WOLVERINE ACQUISITION CORP.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to WOLVERINE TUBE, INC., AN AL CORP. reassignment WOLVERINE TUBE, INC., AN AL CORP. RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA, THE
Assigned to SECURITY PACIFIC NATIONAL BANK reassignment SECURITY PACIFIC NATIONAL BANK SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WOLVERINE TUBE, INC.
Assigned to WOLVERINE TUBE, INC. reassignment WOLVERINE TUBE, INC. RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BANK OF AMERICA TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION, SUCCESSOR BY MERGER TO SECURITY PACIFIC NATIONAL BANK
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/20—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes or tubes with decorated walls
    • B21C37/207—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes or tubes with decorated walls with helical guides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element

Definitions

  • Belknap ABSTRACT Rolling of high-fin integral finned tube from stainless steel or other difficult to form material, in two operations with an annealing step between rolling operations. Each rolling operation quickly forms narrow helical grooves to displace metal into wide helical ribs or rib portions, followed by more gradual widening and deepening of the grooves with additional metal displacement, and lateral application of pressure to the ribs to form it to required lin shape.
  • finned tubing of this type is designed for use in cooling liquid sodium by air, as is done in nuclear reactor applications, more specifically fast breeder reactors.
  • finned tube is produced by two or more rolling operations with annealing of the tube intermediate successive rolling operations. Successive rolling operations are substantially similar, except that in subsequent operations, the leading discsoperate in the helical grooves left by the preceding operation.
  • each operation a set comprising a multiplicity of discs are assembled in engagement in axial alignment and contact the tube with the axes crossed in space to conform to helical fin formation to the assembly of circular discs.
  • the first few discs of each set have the edges thereof transversely curved on a relatively short radius to facilitate penetration into the material of the tube, and successive discs increase in diameter by relatively large amounts. This quickly forms one or mor relatively deep, relatively narrow helical grooves, and displaces a substantial quantity of metal into a relatively wide, relatively low helical rib in the first operation and into the base or root portions of previously formed and shaped ribs in subsequent operations.
  • the successive discs are shaped to hav gradually wider edges, and have relatively less increase in diameter from disc to disc, so as to produce a gradual widening and deepening ofthe groove, with consequent displacement of more metal into the eventual fin.
  • the angularity of the sides of the discs from radial surfaces decreases gradually to a very low value, so that fins are formed having a thickness at their tips amounting to a very substantial percentage of the fin thickness adjacent the base.
  • the successive rolling operation or operations ar carried out with sets of discs of increased thickness or pitch, as compared to the pitch of the discs of the immediately preceding set, thus producing helical formations on the tube of longer lead.
  • FIG. I is a fragmentary section through a finished finned tube produced in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a generalized outline of a single fin produced in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view similar to FIG. I of the same tube following its initial rolling' operation with partially formed fins thereon.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged diagrammatic view with wall sections of FIGS. 1 and 2 superimposed.
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary outline view of successive disc edge portions of a set of discs.
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary outline of a finning disc to show dimensions defined in the specification.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an enlarged fragmentary cross-section of a finished tube 10 produced in accordance-with the present invention. Very approximately, the critical dimensions of this tube are as follows:
  • the fin thickness at the tip is over 20 percent of fin height, and is over 65.percent of the fin thickness near the root.
  • FIG. 2 A more generalized fin cross section outline of a single fin is seen in FIG. 2, where dimensions are applied to show fin thickness at tip and base, fin height and wall thickness.
  • the fin of the present invention differs from conventional fins in its exceptional thickness adjacent its tip, and its height as compared to its average thickness.
  • the present invention may be considered as producing fins having a minimum height of 0.100 inches, a thickness adjacent its tip which is not less than 20 percent of the fin height, a thickness adjacent is base or root which is not less than 25 percent of the fin height, and a thickness at the tip which is not less than 60 percent of its thickness adjacent its base.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown the crosssectional shape of the tube wall with ribs or partially formed fins following the first rolling operation, where this operation is designed to be the first of two, the second of which produces the tube configuration as seen in FIG. I.
  • the partially rolled tube 26 has the approximate dimensions tabulated below:
  • FIG. 4 theoutline of the cross-sectional shapes of the finished tube is superimposed over the outline of the cross-section of the semi-finished tube.
  • the inside tube diameter at 40 is used as the common reference line, and the rib or partially formed fin 42 seen at the left of the Figure is superimposed so far as lateral position is concerned over the finished fin configuration 44.
  • the groove or channel between fins has been deepened by the amount shown at 46, while the crest or tip of the fin has been displaced radially outward by the amount shown at 48.
  • the outline of the entire upper portion of the partially formed fin'or rib conforms very closely with the mid portion of the finished fin, as indicated by the matching side surfaces seen generally at 50.
  • FIG. 4 also graphically illustrates a very important feature of the present invention and that is the increase in pitch or axial spacing of adjacent fin or rib convolutions as produced by the second rolling operation as compared to the first.
  • the pitch or axial spacing of the roll discs which produced the semirolled tube of FIG. 3 was 0.082 inches, while that of the discs which produced the finished finned tube of FIG. 1 was 0.086 inches.
  • the pitch produced by the first pass must be sufficiently smaller than the final desired pitch as to produce the required number of fins per inch, in this case, eleven.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown in cross-sectional outline the generalized shape of the periphery of a fin-forming disc.
  • the sides of the edge portion of the disc a re shown at 60 and are substantially straight in radial cross-section of the disc.
  • the straight line side elements together define a frustoconical surface, the included cone of which is determined by the angle A between straight line elements 60 and the line 62, which is parallel to the central radial plane 64 of the disc.
  • the included cone angle is of course 170.
  • the disc has a periphery 65 which is rounded in cross-section, and its radius of curvature is designated R in the Figure. Portions 66 of the edge surface smoothly interconnect the rounded edge with the conical sides. It will be apparent that the smaller the radius R, the more readily the disc will penetrate into the material of the tube.
  • the thickness of the disc adjacent the rounded edge portion 65,66 is designated 68. This dimension is determined by the distance between the intersections of the line 67, tangent to the tip 65, with the extension of straight line side elements 60.
  • the thickness of the disc at an annular zone spaced inward of the edge at a constant dimension 69 is designated 70.
  • the progressive change in shapes and dimensions of the discs 56a56q determines the specific manner in which the metal of the tube is displaced and shaped into final form.
  • the first few discs as for example the first six discs 56a-56f have a tip thickness dimension 68 which is constant and desirably are about percent of the tip thickness dimension 68 of the final few discs, as for example the final five discs 56m-56q, with a gradual increase in tip thickness in the intermediate discs.
  • the radius of the rounded periphery 65 in creases, and the radius R of the first few discs are desirably about one-half the radius R of the last few discs, with a gradual increase from disc to disc in the centrally located discs.
  • the root or gage thickness 70, as measured at a constant gage distance 69 is constant for the first few discs, as for example the six discs 56a-56f, and in successive discs is decreased gradually to the last few discs, as for example the last five discs 56m-56q, which have a uniform gage dimension desirably about percent of that of the leading discs 56a-56f.
  • the widening of the tip width 68 and the reduction in gage width 70 results in a reduction in the angle A, which represents the inclination of the conical side surfaces 60 to the radial plane 64.
  • the angle A is reduced from about 5 throughout the first few discs to about l throughout the last few discs, and this reduction is gradual throughout intermediate discs 56f56m.
  • the first few discs are arranged to provide a quick penetration into the tube wall, and to accomplish this the disc diameter in the first few discs increase very substantially as compared to the increase in diameter of successive discs thereafter.
  • the first sets of discs are positioned relative to the tube such that the first disc 56a penetrates to a substantial depth, as for example 0.030-0040 inches, into the metal of the tube.
  • the next few discs for example the two discs 56!? and 561' desirably have a diameter exceeding the diameter of the preceding disc by from 0010-0020 inches.
  • the following discs show a more gradual increase in diameter, as for example about one-third of that of the first few discs, and in addition, in the last discs of the series some discs may be identical with an adjacent disc, thus further decreasing the average change in dimensions to a more gradual condition.
  • the penetration of the edges of the discs into the material of the tube and the pressure applied to the tube by the discs has the effect of forming fins, reducing the inside diameter of the tube, reducing effective wall thickness as measured between fin convolutions, and elongating the tube.
  • the axial spacing of median planes of discs which is uniform for each set of rolls, is increased in succeeding sets.
  • a pin or mandrel is also provided to control the inside diameter of thefinished tube.
  • the pin is cylindrical and is smaller by a few thousandths of an inch than the inside diameter of the tube as it approaches the sets of finning discs.
  • the initial discs which have narrower edges which are rounded to smaller diameters than subsequent discs, penetrate the material of the tube without forcing its inner surface into engagement with the pin.
  • a tube In carryingout the procedure, a tube has its end slightly pointed to provide smooth engagement with the leading discs of the sets which perform the initial rolling operation, and the sets are positioned at radial spacings such that when fully engaged beyond the pointed end section, the leading disc penetrates the tube material to a greater depth, for example double the depth to which the next few discs increase the penetration.
  • sets of discs are positioned so that the leading disc bottoms in the groove or channel in the partly rolled tube without substantial penetration.
  • the annealing step of course depends on the particular material, but where the tube is Type 304 stainless steel, the tube is advanced through an annealing furnace having a muffle length of about feet at a speed of 6 inch/min., the furnace being at l,950F.
  • the tube initially had a hardness of R 77 after the initial rolling operation, and after annealingits hardness was reduced to R ,72.
  • the included cone angle at each side of the discs in each set increases from a value of about l65l70 to about 178.
  • FIG. 4 An inspection of FIG. 4 shows that in increasing fin height in the second operation, the increase in fin outside diameter 48 is approximately equal to the increase in fin space depth or reduction in wall thickness shown at 46.
  • fin is reserved for the final shape produced by the final rolling operation, and that until thus formed, the material that ultimately becomes part of the fin is referred to as a rib.
  • the disc which initially engages the tube is referred to as the first or leading disc of the set, and the disc at the opposite end is referred to as the last, final or trailing disc.
  • the method of forming fins of at least 0.100 inches fin height and of predetermined pitch on tubes of difficult-to-roll metal such as stainless steel which comprises forming partial fins of substantially less than final height and of less than said predetermined pitch in a first operation by supporting the tubes on mandrels and applying pressure of metal deforming intensity to limited zones radially inwardly and progressively around the tubes in helical paths of less than said predetermined pitch to produce partiallyformed fins, annealing the tubes, and providing a second forming operation by supporting the tubes on a mandrel and applying pressure of metal deforming intensity to limited zones both at the bottom of the spaces beween partially formed fins and to the sides of the partially formed fins along helical paths of said predeermined pitch to displace metal from the bottom of the spaces between adjacent fins, and to displace metal laterally of the fins to increase the outside diameter of the tin crests, both metal displacements serving to increase the height of the individual fins.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
US00221358A 1972-01-27 1972-01-27 High-fin integral finned tube of heat-resisting alloys, and multi-pass process for making the same Expired - Lifetime US3795125A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3999416A (en) * 1975-10-24 1976-12-28 General Electric Company Cold rolling a contour in metal rings
EP0133801A3 (en) * 1983-08-04 1985-08-21 Uop Inc. Finned heat exchanger tubes and method and apparatus for making same
US4616391A (en) * 1985-06-24 1986-10-14 Wolverine Tube, Inc. Apparatus for making heat exchange tubes
US4692978A (en) * 1983-08-04 1987-09-15 Wolverine Tube, Inc. Method for making heat exchange tubes
US4915166A (en) * 1983-08-04 1990-04-10 Wolverine Tube, Inc. Titanium heat exchange tubes
US4951742A (en) * 1975-04-02 1990-08-28 High Performance Tube, Inc. Refractory heat exchange tube
US20160097593A1 (en) * 2013-05-08 2016-04-07 Sandvik Materials Technology Deutschland Gmbh Conveyor furnace
CN112296617A (zh) * 2020-10-14 2021-02-02 江苏隆达超合金股份有限公司 高翅片白铜合金高效管生产方法
US11118847B2 (en) * 2017-12-22 2021-09-14 Shanghai Power Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd. Finned heat exchanger tube
CN114082803A (zh) * 2021-11-22 2022-02-25 韩维新 一种带肋薄壁包壳管的生产工艺及冷拔模具

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2477917A1 (fr) * 1980-03-13 1981-09-18 Mansfeld Kombinat W Pieck Veb Cylindre de formage
WO1983002151A1 (en) * 1981-12-10 1983-06-23 Rune Andersson Gilled tube construction
JPS59170830U (ja) * 1983-04-30 1984-11-15 日本電産コパル株式会社 デイジタル制御式カメラ用シヤツタ
EP0301121B1 (de) * 1987-07-30 1990-05-23 Wieland-Werke Ag Rippenrohr
AT403320B (de) * 1996-03-04 1998-01-26 Vaillant Gmbh Wärmetauscherelement und aus solchen elementen zusammengesetzter wärmetauscher

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431863A (en) * 1943-05-03 1947-12-02 Calumet And Hecla Cons Copper Apparatus for forming finned tubing
US3174319A (en) * 1962-01-05 1965-03-23 Nihon Kentetsu Company Ltd Method and apparatus for manufacturing integrally finned tubing
US3379042A (en) * 1965-12-27 1968-04-23 Nat Acme Co Method and machine for form rolling
US3383893A (en) * 1965-08-16 1968-05-21 Calumet & Hecla Apparatus for producing integral finned tubing of fine pitch
US3648502A (en) * 1970-03-04 1972-03-14 Trane Co Method and apparatus for forming a heat exchanger tube with closely spaced integral fins

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1338499A (fr) * 1962-08-13 1963-09-27 Lorraine Escaut Sa Procédé et dispositif pour laminer des ailettes hélicoïdales sur un tube métallique
US3600922A (en) * 1969-03-05 1971-08-24 Carrier Corp Manufacture of integrally finned tubing

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431863A (en) * 1943-05-03 1947-12-02 Calumet And Hecla Cons Copper Apparatus for forming finned tubing
US3174319A (en) * 1962-01-05 1965-03-23 Nihon Kentetsu Company Ltd Method and apparatus for manufacturing integrally finned tubing
US3383893A (en) * 1965-08-16 1968-05-21 Calumet & Hecla Apparatus for producing integral finned tubing of fine pitch
US3379042A (en) * 1965-12-27 1968-04-23 Nat Acme Co Method and machine for form rolling
US3648502A (en) * 1970-03-04 1972-03-14 Trane Co Method and apparatus for forming a heat exchanger tube with closely spaced integral fins

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4951742A (en) * 1975-04-02 1990-08-28 High Performance Tube, Inc. Refractory heat exchange tube
US3999416A (en) * 1975-10-24 1976-12-28 General Electric Company Cold rolling a contour in metal rings
EP0133801A3 (en) * 1983-08-04 1985-08-21 Uop Inc. Finned heat exchanger tubes and method and apparatus for making same
US4692978A (en) * 1983-08-04 1987-09-15 Wolverine Tube, Inc. Method for making heat exchange tubes
US4915166A (en) * 1983-08-04 1990-04-10 Wolverine Tube, Inc. Titanium heat exchange tubes
US4616391A (en) * 1985-06-24 1986-10-14 Wolverine Tube, Inc. Apparatus for making heat exchange tubes
US20160097593A1 (en) * 2013-05-08 2016-04-07 Sandvik Materials Technology Deutschland Gmbh Conveyor furnace
US10480860B2 (en) * 2013-05-08 2019-11-19 Sandvik Materials Technology Deutschland Gmbh Conveyor furnace
US11118847B2 (en) * 2017-12-22 2021-09-14 Shanghai Power Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd. Finned heat exchanger tube
CN112296617A (zh) * 2020-10-14 2021-02-02 江苏隆达超合金股份有限公司 高翅片白铜合金高效管生产方法
CN114082803A (zh) * 2021-11-22 2022-02-25 韩维新 一种带肋薄壁包壳管的生产工艺及冷拔模具

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ZA7386B (en) 1973-09-26
IT976955B (it) 1974-09-10
GB1409016A (en) 1975-10-08
CA980099A (en) 1975-12-23
JPS4886770A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-11-15
JPS529435B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1977-03-16
ATA53473A (de) 1978-01-15
AU470554B2 (en) 1976-03-18
BR7300626D0 (pt) 1973-09-18
CH557015A (de) 1974-12-13
ES410739A1 (es) 1976-01-01
AR199096A1 (es) 1974-08-08
DE2303192A1 (de) 1973-08-09
FR2169178B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1978-09-08
IL41228A (en) 1976-10-31
FR2169178A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-09-07
AT345234B (de) 1978-09-11
AU5098173A (en) 1974-07-11
IL41228A0 (en) 1973-03-30
EG10818A (en) 1976-10-31

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Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: WOLVERINE TUBE, INC., A DE. CORP.,ALABAMA

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