US3794595A - Working of non-ferrous metals - Google Patents

Working of non-ferrous metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US3794595A
US3794595A US00251308A US3794595DA US3794595A US 3794595 A US3794595 A US 3794595A US 00251308 A US00251308 A US 00251308A US 3794595D A US3794595D A US 3794595DA US 3794595 A US3794595 A US 3794595A
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lubricant
working
debris
nonylphenol
phenolic compound
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US00251308A
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English (en)
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E Latos
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Universal Oil Products Co
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Universal Oil Products Co
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Assigned to IKKO WOLVERINE INC., A CORP. OF DE reassignment IKKO WOLVERINE INC., A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNOR ASSIGNS THE ENTIRE INTEREST, SUBJECT TO LICENSE RECITED. Assignors: UOP INC., A CORP. OF DE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N15/00—Lubrication with substances other than oil or grease; Lubrication characterised by the use of particular lubricants in particular apparatus or conditions
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    • C10M2201/02—Water
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel

Definitions

  • a lubricant is needed to serve as an antiwear and antiseize agent, as Well as a coolant.
  • the requirements for a satisfactory lubricant in the working of ferrous metals are not as severe as in the case of non-ferrous metals. Accordingly, the prior art is replete with numerous lubricants for use with ferrous metals and these lubricants include oil, fat, grease, soaps, detergents, emulsions, etc. However, these lubricants generally are not satisfactory for use in the working of nonferrous metals and particularly zirconium, titanium and alloys thereof.
  • lubrication of non-ferrous metals is accomplished by utilizing a lubricant comprising a phenolic compound in which the hydroxyl is attached directly to the phenol nucleus.
  • the phenolic compound is an alkyl phenol in which the alkyl group contains from 1 to 24 and still more particularly from 5 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • the phenolic compound may be utilized alone or in admixture with other suitable lubricating ingredients.
  • the lubricant set forth in the present invention is particularly advantageous for use in the working of nonferrous metals, it is understood that the lubricant also may be utilized to advantage in the working of ferrous metals.
  • the working of the metal may take various forms including drawing, rolling, extruding, cutting, drilling, broaching, tapping, threading, etc.
  • the lubricant set forth herein is of especial advantage for use in tube'reducing or similar operations.
  • the lubricant In addition to serving as an antiwear and anti-seizure agent, the lubricant must survive the chemical and thermal environment at the interface to avoid formation of wear debris which is difiicult to remove from the finished article.
  • the lubricant also must avoid corrosion of the metal, staining and must not excessively alter the surface structure of the metal. This latter requirement is particularly important in the case of zirconium and titanium because of the desirability to prevent formation of the open grain surface.
  • the lubricant for use in the present invention is phenol but preferably is an alkyl phenol in which the alkyl group contains from 1 to 24 and preferably from 5 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • Illustrative examples in this embodiment of the preferred alkyl phenols comprise pentylphenol, hexylphenol, heptylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, decylphenol, undecylphenol, dodecylphenol, with the alkyl group being in the ortho, meta or preferably in the para position, or mixture thereof.
  • alkyl phenols included in this embodiment comprise methylphenol, ethylphenol, propylphenol, butylphenol, tridecylphenol, tetradecylphenol, pentadecylphenol, hexadecylphenol, heptadecylphenol, octadecylphenol, nonadecylphenol, eicosylphenol, again with the alkyl group being in the ortho, meta or preferably in the para position.
  • the alkyl group may be of primary, secondary or tertiary configuration.
  • the phenolic compound contains two or more alkyl groups of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms each.
  • the alkyl groups are of the same chain length and in another embodiment the alkyl groups are of different chain length. With two alkyl groups, these may be in the positions 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4- or 3,5-positions. With three alkyl groups, the alkyl groups may be in the positions 2,3,4-, 2,3,5, 2,3,6-, 2,4,5-, 2,4,6- or 3,4,5-positions.
  • phenolic compounds in these embodiments include 2,4-dibutylphenol, 2,5-diamylphenol, 2,6-dioctylphenol, Z-methyl 4 octylphenol, 2-methyl-6-nonylphenol, 2,4,6-trimethylphenol, 2, 4,6-triethylphenol, 2,4,6-tributylphenol, 2,6-dimethyl-4- octylphenol, 2,6-dimethyl-4-nonylphenol, 2-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dibutyl-4-methylphenol, etc.
  • alkyl groups may be of primary, secondary and/or tertiary configuration and that a mixture of the monoand/or polyalkyl phenols may be used.
  • the phenolic compound may contain other substituents attached to the phenolic ring. These substituents may contain halogen, sulfur, oxygen, etc. Of the halogen substituents, chlorine is preferred, the other halogens being bromine, iodine and/or fluorine.
  • the sulfur may be in the form of mercapto, thioether, heterocyclic sulfur, etc.
  • the nitrogen may be in the form of amine, alkylamine or dialkylamine in which the alkyl contains from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms each, heterocyclic nitrogen, etc.
  • the other oxygen may be as hydroxyl, ether, carbonyl, heterocyclic oxygen, etc. It is understood that these variously substituted phenolic compounds are not necessarily equivalent.
  • the phenolic compound set forth herein may be used in admixture with other lubricating ingredients and may be in the form of a solution or emulsion.
  • the other ingredient comprises a fatty acid and particularly oleic acid.
  • fatty acids include decylenic, dodecylenic, palmitoleic, ricinoleic, petroselinic, vaccenic, linoleic, linolenic, eleostearic, licanic, parinaric, gadoleic, cetoleic, selacholeic, etc., as illustrative of unsaturated fatty acids and butyric, isovaleric, caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric,
  • the lubricating composition may contain mineral oil, sulfonated oil, alcohols, ethers, fatty acid esters, alkanolamine soaps of fatty acids, alkali metal soaps of fatty acids, salts, organic nitrates, inorganic nitrates, organic phosphates, inorganic phosphates, various water based lubricants, etc.
  • the composition may be utilized as an emulsion, either with or without water.
  • these additional ingredients will be selected from those described in the prior art.
  • the phenolic compound may be used in these compositions in the range of from about 1% to about 99% and preferably from about to about 80% by weight of the final composition, exclusive of water or solvent utilized in the final composition.
  • the lubricant of the present invention is utilized in conventional manner, which will depend on the particular procedure employed in the working of the metal. In any event, the lubricant must be applied in a manner that it will be present at the points of contact of the metals in moving relationship to each other. Also, the amount of lubricant will be suificient to accomplish effective lubrication, which amount also will depend upon the particular working procedure employed.
  • phenolic compound having the hydroxyl directly attached to the phenol nucleus.
  • the phenolic compound may be used alone or in admixture with other ingredients as described hereinbefore.
  • a total of about 2 g. of lubricant is utilized. About 1.8 g. of lubricant is applied to the disc and about 0.2 g. of lubricant is applied to the pin.
  • the equipment is enclosed in a housing which is heated for varying the temperature of the run which, in these evaluations, can be within the range of from 72 to 212 F.
  • the speed is fixed at 6 r.p.m.
  • an original load of 100 g. is increased in units of 100 g. at intervals of 1.67 minutes to a maximum load of 1300 g.
  • a strain gage circuit is used as sensing element in converting the frictional effects into equivalent electrical responses, which then are recorded on a continuous chart recorder. The coeflicient of friction is determined for each time interval.
  • the diameter of the wear spot on the pin is measured. The pin and disc are visually inspected immediately after the test to determine the amount of debris.
  • the following table reports runs made using nonylphenol as the lubricant and a run using a mixture of 90% nonylphenol and 10% oleic acid. For comparative purposes, the table also reports the results of a run using oleic acid alone as the lubricant. These runs were made at a temperature of 212 F.
  • EXAMPLE II The lubricant used in this example is octylphenol, which was evaluated in the same manner as described in Example I.
  • the coefiicient of friction decreased from 0.125 to 0.111 after 202 minutes and a load of 1300 g.
  • the wear area was 0.181 mm. and the debris was light to moderate.
  • EXAMPLE III The lubricant used in this example is dodecylphenol and the evaluation was made in the same manner as described in Example I.
  • the coefiicient decreased from 0.150 to 0.095 after 202 minutes and a load of 1300 g.
  • the debris again was light to moderate and the wear area was 0.138 mm.
  • EXAMPLE IV An additional evaluation was made in the same manner as described in Example I but using a mixture of 90% nonylphenol and 10% stearic acid. The coetficient of friction decreased from 0.084 to 0.067 during the run of 202 minutes. The amount of debris was light and the wear area was 0.196 mm.
  • EXAMPLE V Another evaluation was made in the same manner as above but using an emulsion of 30% by weight of octylphenol, 10% by weight of potassium stearate and 60% by weight of water as the lubricant. The coefiicient of friction decreased from 0.134 to 0.053. The amount of debris was light and the wear area was 0.138 mmf
  • EXAMPLE VI Another evaluation was made using a mixture of 90% by weight nonylphenol and 10% by weight of Neustrene 060 (a refined hydrogenated tallow glyceride) as the lubricant in the same manner as described in the previous examples. The coefficient of friction decreased from 0.117 to 0.095. The amount of debris was light and the wear area was 0.138 mmfi. In contrast, another run using only the Neustrene 0.60 as the lubricant formed more debris which is described as being moderate.
  • EXAMPLE VII An evaluation was made in the same manner as hereinbefore described using a mixture of 50% nonylphenol and 50% by weight of mineral oil.
  • the mineral oil is available commercially as Sentry 20 and is a solvent extracted neutral oil having a viscosity, SUS, of 205 at 100 F.
  • the coefficient of friction in this run decreased from 0.134 to 0.089 after 202 minutes and a final load of 1300 g.
  • the debris was light and the wear area was 0.166 mm?. In another run using only the mineral oil, the amount of debris was described as heavy.
  • EXAMPLE VHI As hereinbefore set forth, it is an essential feature of the present invention that the hydroxyl group is attached directly to the phenol nucleus. This criticality is demonstrated in a run in which oxyethylated nonlyphenol containing 9-10 oxyethylene groups was used as the lubricant. This oxyethylated nonylphenol is available commercially as Triton X-lOO. When used as a lubricant and evaluated in the same manner as described in the previous examples, considerable debris was formed and the wear area was 0.273 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5108634A (en) * 1988-01-29 1992-04-28 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Lubricating oil composition comprising a specified base oil and an alkyl substituted phenol
CN111014326A (zh) * 2019-12-25 2020-04-17 南京派诺金属表面处理技术有限公司 一种用于钢帘线的拉丝粉及其制备方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54142483U (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * 1978-03-28 1979-10-03

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5108634A (en) * 1988-01-29 1992-04-28 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Lubricating oil composition comprising a specified base oil and an alkyl substituted phenol
CN111014326A (zh) * 2019-12-25 2020-04-17 南京派诺金属表面处理技术有限公司 一种用于钢帘线的拉丝粉及其制备方法

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SE394895B (sv) 1977-07-18
JPS4947759A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-05-09
IT980167B (it) 1974-09-30
FR2184326A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-12-21
DE2321657A1 (de) 1973-11-22
JPS5212865B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1977-04-09
GB1425487A (en) 1976-02-18
DE2321657B2 (de) 1978-01-26
DE2321657C3 (de) 1978-10-05

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