US3794202A - Non-refillable pouring closure for liquor bottles - Google Patents

Non-refillable pouring closure for liquor bottles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3794202A
US3794202A US00128274A US3794202DA US3794202A US 3794202 A US3794202 A US 3794202A US 00128274 A US00128274 A US 00128274A US 3794202D A US3794202D A US 3794202DA US 3794202 A US3794202 A US 3794202A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bottle
cage
cowl
ball
liquor
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00128274A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Unger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Joseph E Seagram and Sons Inc
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Joseph E Seagram and Sons Inc
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Application filed by Joseph E Seagram and Sons Inc filed Critical Joseph E Seagram and Sons Inc
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Publication of US3794202A publication Critical patent/US3794202A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D49/00—Arrangements or devices for preventing refilling of containers
    • B65D49/02—One-way valves

Definitions

  • a non-refillable pouring closure for liquor bottles is provided with a check valve disposed interiorly of the bottle neck.
  • This valve includes a ball cage within which a ball is adapted to seal the opening in the valve be advantageously unseated when it is desired to pour the legitimate liquor in the bottle for consumption upon tilting of the bottle to the desired pouring angle.
  • Guide ribs on the interior of the cage assures proper movement of the ball therein between the ball valve opening and closing positions.
  • a pouring spout or cowl extends upwardly and outwardly from the ball cage to facilitate pouringof the bottle contents.
  • the cowl and the cage define a space within which a guard plate is adapted to be disposed. This guard plate permits pouring of the liquor from the bottle but, at the same time, prevents foreign objects from being inserted into the cowl with a view towards unseating the ball in an effort to refill the bottle with a spurious liquor.
  • a locking band engages with the open end of the bottle neck and surfaces of the cowl to secure the cowl and ball cage to the bottle neck.
  • a removable closure cap containing a liner is adapted to close the bottle and particularly seal off the upper open end of the cowl. This closure cap is removed when it is desired to pour or drain the liquorcontents of the bottle.
  • the bottle may be refilled by inverting a second bottle containing a spurious liquor over the threaded section of the cowl;
  • a principal object of this invention is to provide a 5. after pouring is completed and the bottom is tilted back to a vertical position, no, dribbling of the liquor occurs down the outside of the pouring device; v I
  • the pourer employs a minimum number of parts each individually simple to manufacture and assemble thereby rendering it feasible to provide such a'pouring device at relatively low cost;
  • the pouring device is adapted to be locked onto the bottle neck securely so that it cannot be removed without visable damage to the component parts;
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a liquor bottle having assembled-thereon a pouring closure of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of. the pouring closure and the neck of the bottle;
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the upper part of the liquor bottle and the pouring closure in which aguard plate is integral with the valve cage;
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view similar to FIG. 2 showing the bottle tilted and the ball valve unseated to permit pouring of the liquor contents;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken alongthe line 55 of FIG. 4 with certain parts broken away and removed for clarity;
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a modified closure in which the guard plate is separately formed and adapted to rest on' the shoulder on the top of the DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • a bottle 10 containing the desired legitimate liquor is provided with a non-refillable pouring closure 6 which permits drainage or pouring of the liquor while, at the same time, prevents filling of the bottle with a spurious liquor.
  • the bottle incorporates a neck finish at the top which is designed with a bulged contour l8 suitable for application of a rolled-on, aluminum locking band 5.
  • On the top surface of the bottleneck finish are located two or more, and preferably.
  • the uppermost section of the bottle neck consists of a flat plane 9 extending from the inside neck diameter 13 to the locking lug area 11 which provides a smooth surface for sealing the bottom surface 14 of the flange 28 of ball valve cage 3 to the bottle bym 'eans of two or more circular ribs 15 which in section (FIG. 2) have the shape of crows-feet pointedrinwardly.
  • the most simple and reliable means for preventing refilling-of the bottle 10 is by means of a ball 24 which functions as acheck valve when cooperating with the seat 16 located in the ball valvecage 3.
  • the seat is molded onto the ball cage 3 so that it isindependent of the inner wall of the base 22 of the cage 3 and so that a narrow annular gap 19 exists between the'seat and the cage. This technique prevents warpage or distortion of the circular seat 16 in the molding operation.
  • the seat 16 is tapered 20 inwardly in the downward direction at an angle which provides'the maximum contact surface between ball 24 and seat 16.
  • the included angle between sides of the tapered seat 20 should be nearly 40.
  • the relative dimensions of the ball 24, the internal diameter of the cage 3 defined by the cage side wall 17 and the ball seat 16 are sized and selected so that the circular area of opening 23 is very nearly equal to the annular area between the ball 24 and the internal cage sidewall 17. This dimensioning ratio produces the most rapid liquor pouring rate obtainable by any given cage side wall diameter. 1
  • the specific gravity of the ball 24 is preferably greater than the specific gravity of the liquor to be dispensed so that the ball will remain in its seat and will not float particularly when an attempt is made to refill the bottle by adding or forcing a spurious liquor into the pourer.
  • a ball 24 whose specific gravity is approximately twice that of the liquor is preferred, since it has been found that a ball of this specific gravity will, when the bottle is inverted into a pouring position, roll toward guard plate 31 (FIG. 4) or plate 31a (FIG. 6) and remain motionless in the turbulent stream of liquor flowing out of the bottle and air flowing inwardly.
  • a ball whose specific gravity is appreciably less than twice that of the liquor may bounce in the turbulent stream of liquor and restrict the rate of flow of liquor from the closure 6.
  • a ball 24 of the required specific gravity may be fabricated from glass but the preferred material is plastic into which high density mineral matter has been incorporated.
  • ribs 25 are integrally molded in the side wall 17 of the cage 3. These ribs 25 project inwardly from the cage side wall 17 and are sized so that when the cage is forced into the neck 13 of the bottle 10, the clearance between the ribs 25 and the ball 24 will be as small as practicable and yet will permit the ball to roll freely. In this way the ball 24 is permitted to roll freely away from its seat 16 when the bottle 10 is inverted for pouring, and thereafter the ball will quickly return to its seat when the bottle is tilted back.
  • the cage 3 is adapted to extend across the opening of the bottle neck' 13; and towards this end, the outer cage wall 26 is dimensioned to fit as snugly as possible into the bottle neck but not so tight that the cage ribs 25 collapse inwardly to seize the ball 24.
  • the lower outside end 27 of the cage 3 is tapered inwardly.
  • the top of the cage 3 terminates in a radially extending flange 28, the lower face 14 of which is provided with two or more circular sealing ribs 15 as previously described, which form a liquid tight seal on the plane surface 9 of the bottle neck when the aluminum locking band 5 is pressed downward firmly and rolled onto the bottom surface 8 of the bulged contour 18 of the bottle neck.
  • a cowl 4 is fitted onto the ball cage 3 and performs the function of a pouring spout 30.
  • This cowl 4 defines an interior space within whichaguard plate 31 is disposed for purposes of providing protection against tam pering with the ball 24 as, for example, by means of a wire or the like in an attempt to unseat the ball and render filling of the bottle possible.
  • the circular guard plate 31 may be molded integrally within the interior space of the cowl 4 and supported by two or more webs 32 which extend radially from the guard plate and downward from the inner surface of the top of the cowl 33 to the inner side wall 34 of the cowl.
  • the guard plate 31 is located centrally and directly under the neck of the pouring spout and its maximum diameter is limited to the inside-diameter of the neck 35 of the pouring spout due to the limitation of the diameter of the molding tool which forms the top surface 36 of the guard plate and which must be withdrawn through the neck 35 of the pouring spout in the molding process.
  • a circular guard plate 31a see FIG.6, may be constructed spearately and inserted into the interior space of the cowl 4. In this alternate design corresponding parts are similarly numbered with accompanying letter a.
  • the diameter of the guard plate 31a may be 50 percent or more greater than the diameter of the neck 35 of the pouring spout 30.
  • This neck of the pouring spout 30 and the top surface 36 of the guard plate 31 or 31a is fixed by the vertical dimension of the webs 32 which extend downward from the inner surface 33 of the top of the cowl 4.
  • the annular area 38 between the outer edge of the guard plate 31 or 31a and the inside wall 34 of the cowl 4 is sized so that this liquor passageway is at least as great as the area 23 of the circular ball seat 16 in orderto provide for maximum rate offlow of liquor from the closure.
  • the guard plate 31 or 31a also serves the function of restricting the longitudinal motion of the ball 24 whereby the ball is always maintained cradled within the confines of the ribs 25 of the cage 3.
  • the longitudinal motion of the ball 24 is restricted by the axially extending post 40 extending downwardly from the center of the bottom of the guard plate 31 or 31a. This post 40 restricts the motion of the ball 24 so that it can not come into contact with the bottom of the guard plate 41 and develop excessive turbulence which would reduce pouring rate of the liquor stream and yet allows the ball 24 to roll free of its seat 16 when the bottle is inverted into a pouring position.
  • three or more posts 42' extend downward from the bottom surface of this plate.
  • the longitudinal dimension of these posts 42 is selected to position the guard plate 31a midway between the base 43 of the pouring spout 30 and the, upper surface of the flange 44 on the ball cage 3.
  • the bottom of these posts 42 rest on the upper surface of the flange 44 so that the guard plate 31a is firmly maintained betweenthe bottom of the webs 32 and the upper surface of the flange 44.
  • cowl-4 and the cage 3 containing the ball 24 are interlocked by a cooperative engagement of a circular rib- 45 extending upward from the top surface 44 of the ball cage flange 28 with circular recess 46 in the inside wall 34 of the cowl 4.
  • the flange 47 on the cowl 4 includes one or more circular, sharply pointed ribs 48 which form a liquid tight seal against the top surface of the flange 44 of the ball cage 3.
  • the circular ribs 48 of the cowl 4 bite" into the softer plastic of the flange 44 of the ball cage 3 to form a leak-proof seal between the cowl and ball cage.
  • the uppermost section of the spout 30 on the cowl 4 is provided with a flared lip 52 which, when the bottle is inverted into a pouring position, delivers a stream of liquor so that it can be directed easily into a small diameter vessel such as a jigger. Furthermore, this flared lip 52 cuts off the flow of liquor neatly when the bottle is returned to an upright position and thereby prevents dribbling of the liquor down the spout 30 and onto the cowl 4.
  • the cap 3 provided with threads 53 is screwed onto the companion threads 51 located on the outside diameter of the cowl 4.
  • This cap is fitted with a plasticfaced pulp-backed cap liner 1 in the usual manner.
  • the surface of the liner 1 first contacts the flared lip 52 of the spout 30 and forms a liquid tight seal at this point.
  • Affixed to the inner wall 54 above the threaded section of the cap 3 are three or more, and preferably six, vertical ribs 55.
  • the cap 3 can be tightened onto the threaded section 51 of the cowl 4 until the vertical ribs 55 contact and Press firmly against the top surface 56 of the cowl.
  • the ball, 24 was fabricated from polystyrene into which high density mineral matter is incorporated to give the desired specific gravity to the ball; the cage 3 from polyethylene which provides a tight seal in combination with the ball since this plastic is relatively soft and also can form a snug compressible fit into the neck of the bottle; the cowl 4 from polypropylene since this plastic is both tough and flexible and can form a seal at the pourer lip 52-with the cap liner 1; and the cap 2 from polystyrene.
  • valve seat defining an opening through which the liquor in the bottle is adapted to flow when the bottle is inverted, and a ball in the cage adapted to be seated on the valveseat to close the opening when the bottle is in an upright condition and be unseated when the bottle is inverted to permit flow of liquor through said opening;
  • cowl associated with the cage and adapted to extend upwardly and outwardly from the neck of the bottle, the cowl having an upper pouring spout having a reduced diameter through which liquor is adapted to be dispensed, the cowl defining an interior space;
  • a guard plate in said space and comprising a disc of predetermined diameter relative to the diameter of the pouring spout and sufficiently smaller relative to certain surfaces of the cowl to permit flow of liquor therebetween when the bottle is inverted, means for centering the guard plate within said space for contributing in providing predetermined volume in the cowl on each side of the guard plate disc, and limiting means for limiting the movement of the ball in the cage from a seating position and unseated position.
  • the cage includes an upper flange extending radially outwardly from the cage side wall and being adapted to rest on the upper edge of the bottle neck.
  • cowl includes a substantially tubular side wall and a lateral flange extending outwardly from the base of the cowl side-wall and sealing means between and delined by associated surfaces of the cowl and cage for sealing the juncture between such surfaces.
  • limiting means includes a centrally located post adapted to engage with the ball when the bottle is inverted to pour the bottle contents and said means for centering include a plurality of projections at the periphery of the disc to cooperate in centering the guard plate in the cowl;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
US00128274A 1971-03-26 1971-03-26 Non-refillable pouring closure for liquor bottles Expired - Lifetime US3794202A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12827471A 1971-03-26 1971-03-26

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US (1) US3794202A (pt)
BR (1) BR7108705D0 (pt)
CA (1) CA951690A (pt)
ES (1) ES171826Y (pt)
GB (1) GB1296637A (pt)
IT (1) IT953185B (pt)

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1980000828A1 (en) * 1978-10-25 1980-05-01 Otamar Embalagens Tecn Ltd Non-removable valved spout for bottles
US4261484A (en) * 1978-08-02 1981-04-14 Costa L Da Non-return valve unit with drip prevention and controlled discharge
EP0035918A1 (en) * 1980-03-12 1981-09-16 Seagram Distillers Plc Improvements relating to anti-tampering devices for bottles
US4382520A (en) * 1980-12-22 1983-05-10 Cia. Vinicola Del Vergel, S.A. Flow control structures
US4809753A (en) * 1983-08-11 1989-03-07 Husky Corporation Attitude control device for fuel dispensing nozzle
ES2063708A2 (es) * 1993-06-29 1995-01-01 Marin Jose Maria Recover Tapon irrellenable con precinto de garantia.
US5996860A (en) * 1997-06-23 1999-12-07 Alley; Kenneth A. Momentary buoyant gate system
WO2001000497A1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2001-01-04 Kim Uk Jin A stopper of preventing a taking poison accident
ES2155371A1 (es) * 1999-01-22 2001-05-01 Zarzuela Trinidad Ortega Capsula irrellenable interna para golletes de botellas.
WO2001072596A1 (en) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-04 Guala Closures S.P.A. Bottle closure handled as a single unit
US6386399B1 (en) * 1998-07-24 2002-05-14 Yoshino Kogyosho Co., Ltd. Container with manual pump
US6481601B1 (en) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-19 The Boeing Company Self-sealing solvent bottle cap insert
US20030233986A1 (en) * 2002-06-24 2003-12-25 Pappas Nicholas J. Multipurpose flow control device
US20040244704A1 (en) * 2003-05-16 2004-12-09 Smothers Keith S. Bird feeder and kit
US6866170B1 (en) * 2004-04-13 2005-03-15 Amy Kiernan Liquid flow regulation device
US20050077320A1 (en) * 2003-10-09 2005-04-14 Won-Hie Choi Non-spill water bottle cap for purified water dispenser
US20050109283A1 (en) * 2002-06-24 2005-05-26 Pappas Nicholas J. Multipurpose flow control device
US20050167455A1 (en) * 2004-02-02 2005-08-04 Yim Bang B. Tamper-proof bottle cap
US20070006813A1 (en) * 2003-05-16 2007-01-11 Keith Smothers Bird feeder and kit
WO2007056248A2 (en) * 2005-11-04 2007-05-18 Smucker Fruit Processing Company Laser trimmed drip free bottle
US20080053947A1 (en) * 2005-01-20 2008-03-06 Prozumenshchikov Andrey B Closure
US20080073383A1 (en) * 2002-08-08 2008-03-27 Mcdonald John Terrance Liquid Pourer Assembly
US20090173283A1 (en) * 2008-01-07 2009-07-09 Medialore, Llc Flow Control Device
JP2012111508A (ja) * 2010-11-24 2012-06-14 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 液体用容器の口栓、及び、口栓を有する液体用の容器
US20140319178A1 (en) * 2013-04-25 2014-10-30 Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. Container Fitment
JP2014213906A (ja) * 2013-04-26 2014-11-17 株式会社吉野工業所 二重容器
US9073521B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2015-07-07 Salflex Polymers Limited Reservoir with vent

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IE47398B1 (en) * 1977-10-20 1984-03-07 Ug Closures & Plastics Ltd Non-refillable pourer fitment
GB8401791D0 (en) * 1984-01-24 1984-02-29 Montgomery Daniel & Son Ltd Pouring device

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1042669A (en) * 1911-11-04 1912-10-29 Francis Norris Jr Non-refillable bottle.
US2850192A (en) * 1956-01-31 1958-09-02 Bottle Dispensing Co Inc Bottle closure
US3018910A (en) * 1958-03-10 1962-01-30 Seagram & Sons Inc Non-refillable pouring device for bottles
US3031097A (en) * 1961-03-01 1962-04-24 John Haig And Company Ltd Non-refillable bottle closure
US3076668A (en) * 1957-10-09 1963-02-05 Famely Max Fittings for retaining cylindrical members in place

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1042669A (en) * 1911-11-04 1912-10-29 Francis Norris Jr Non-refillable bottle.
US2850192A (en) * 1956-01-31 1958-09-02 Bottle Dispensing Co Inc Bottle closure
US3076668A (en) * 1957-10-09 1963-02-05 Famely Max Fittings for retaining cylindrical members in place
US3018910A (en) * 1958-03-10 1962-01-30 Seagram & Sons Inc Non-refillable pouring device for bottles
US3031097A (en) * 1961-03-01 1962-04-24 John Haig And Company Ltd Non-refillable bottle closure

Cited By (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4261484A (en) * 1978-08-02 1981-04-14 Costa L Da Non-return valve unit with drip prevention and controlled discharge
WO1980000828A1 (en) * 1978-10-25 1980-05-01 Otamar Embalagens Tecn Ltd Non-removable valved spout for bottles
EP0035918A1 (en) * 1980-03-12 1981-09-16 Seagram Distillers Plc Improvements relating to anti-tampering devices for bottles
US4377242A (en) * 1980-03-12 1983-03-22 Seagrams Distillers Limited Anti-tampering devices for bottles
US4382520A (en) * 1980-12-22 1983-05-10 Cia. Vinicola Del Vergel, S.A. Flow control structures
US4809753A (en) * 1983-08-11 1989-03-07 Husky Corporation Attitude control device for fuel dispensing nozzle
ES2063708A2 (es) * 1993-06-29 1995-01-01 Marin Jose Maria Recover Tapon irrellenable con precinto de garantia.
US5996860A (en) * 1997-06-23 1999-12-07 Alley; Kenneth A. Momentary buoyant gate system
US6386399B1 (en) * 1998-07-24 2002-05-14 Yoshino Kogyosho Co., Ltd. Container with manual pump
ES2155371A1 (es) * 1999-01-22 2001-05-01 Zarzuela Trinidad Ortega Capsula irrellenable interna para golletes de botellas.
WO2001000497A1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2001-01-04 Kim Uk Jin A stopper of preventing a taking poison accident
WO2001072596A1 (en) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-04 Guala Closures S.P.A. Bottle closure handled as a single unit
GB2377700A (en) * 2000-03-29 2003-01-22 Guala Closures Spa Bottle closure handed as a single unit
GB2377700B (en) * 2000-03-29 2003-10-08 Guala Closures Spa Bottle closure handled as a single unit
US6481601B1 (en) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-19 The Boeing Company Self-sealing solvent bottle cap insert
US20050109283A1 (en) * 2002-06-24 2005-05-26 Pappas Nicholas J. Multipurpose flow control device
US20030233986A1 (en) * 2002-06-24 2003-12-25 Pappas Nicholas J. Multipurpose flow control device
US6758165B2 (en) * 2002-06-24 2004-07-06 Medialore, Llc Multipurpose flow control device
US7117818B2 (en) 2002-06-24 2006-10-10 Medialore, Llc Multipurpose flow control device
US20080073383A1 (en) * 2002-08-08 2008-03-27 Mcdonald John Terrance Liquid Pourer Assembly
US20070006813A1 (en) * 2003-05-16 2007-01-11 Keith Smothers Bird feeder and kit
US7093562B2 (en) * 2003-05-16 2006-08-22 Keith S. Smothers Bird feeder and kit
US7565881B2 (en) 2003-05-16 2009-07-28 Keith Smothers Bird feeder and kit
US20040244704A1 (en) * 2003-05-16 2004-12-09 Smothers Keith S. Bird feeder and kit
US20050077320A1 (en) * 2003-10-09 2005-04-14 Won-Hie Choi Non-spill water bottle cap for purified water dispenser
US7121436B2 (en) * 2003-10-09 2006-10-17 Myong-Hoon Lee Non-spill water bottle cap for purified water dispenser
US20050167455A1 (en) * 2004-02-02 2005-08-04 Yim Bang B. Tamper-proof bottle cap
US6866170B1 (en) * 2004-04-13 2005-03-15 Amy Kiernan Liquid flow regulation device
US20080053947A1 (en) * 2005-01-20 2008-03-06 Prozumenshchikov Andrey B Closure
WO2007056248A3 (en) * 2005-11-04 2007-11-01 Smucker Fruit Proc Company Laser trimmed drip free bottle
US20070194061A1 (en) * 2005-11-04 2007-08-23 Smucker Fruit Processing Company Laser trimmed drip free bottle
WO2007056248A2 (en) * 2005-11-04 2007-05-18 Smucker Fruit Processing Company Laser trimmed drip free bottle
US20090173283A1 (en) * 2008-01-07 2009-07-09 Medialore, Llc Flow Control Device
US20100282174A1 (en) * 2008-01-07 2010-11-11 Medialore, Llc Flow Control Device
US8448604B2 (en) 2008-01-07 2013-05-28 Medialore, Llc Flow control device
US9073521B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2015-07-07 Salflex Polymers Limited Reservoir with vent
JP2012111508A (ja) * 2010-11-24 2012-06-14 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 液体用容器の口栓、及び、口栓を有する液体用の容器
US20140319178A1 (en) * 2013-04-25 2014-10-30 Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. Container Fitment
US9145240B2 (en) * 2013-04-25 2015-09-29 Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. Container fitment
JP2014213906A (ja) * 2013-04-26 2014-11-17 株式会社吉野工業所 二重容器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES171826U (es) 1972-01-01
GB1296637A (pt) 1972-11-15
IT953185B (it) 1973-08-10
BR7108705D0 (pt) 1973-05-31
ES171826Y (es) 1972-07-16
CA951690A (en) 1974-07-23

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